罗库溴铵和维库溴铵在终末期肾衰竭病人临床药效的比较

目的　比较罗库溴铵和维库溴铵在终末期肾衰竭病人中的肌松效应。方法　 2 5例ASAⅢ级行肾移植术病人随机分为罗库溴铵组 (R组 ,15例 )和维库溴铵组 (V组 ,10例 )。麻醉诱导后分别给予 2×ED95剂量的罗库溴铵 (0 6mg/kg)或维库溴铵 (0 1mg/kg)。术中当T1恢复至 2 5 %时 ,追加 0 5×ED95剂量的罗库溴铵 (0 15mg/kg)或维库溴铵 (0 0 2 5mg/kg)。末次剂量后 ,使肌张力自然恢复或给予新斯的明拮抗。结果　初量罗库溴铵的起效时间为 (1 98± 0 4 7)min ,明显短于维库溴铵的 (3 2 5±0 82 )min。初量和追加量的罗库溴铵的肌松维持时间分别为 (4 6 87± 14 6 0 )min和 (34 86± 15 5 7)min,与维库溴铵相似。两组应用拮抗药后 ,恢复指数均显著缩短。结论　对于终末期肾衰竭病人 ,罗库溴铵的起效快于维库溴铵 ,肌松作用维持时间和恢复指数与维库溴铵相似。     

罗库溴铵和阿曲库铵的预注量对相互起效的影响

目的　研究罗库溴铵和阿曲库铵的预注量对相互起效和插管条件的影响。方法　 6 0例患者随机平均分成六组。麻醉诱导用地西泮、硫喷妥钠和芬太尼。Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组分别静注罗库溴铵0 6mg/kg和阿曲库铵 0 5mg/kg ,Ⅱ组和Ⅴ组预注罗库溴铵 0 0 6mg/kg ,Ⅲ组和Ⅵ组阿曲库铵0 0 5mg/kg。 3分钟后Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组静注罗库溴铵 0 5 4mg/kg ,Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组阿曲库铵 0 4 5mg/kg。观察插管量后的起效时间和气管插管条件。结果　Ⅲ组的起效时间为 (6 7 6± 14 2 )秒稍短于Ⅰ组的(73 1± 13 4 )秒和Ⅱ组的 (76 3± 15 3)秒 (P >0 0 5 )。Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组的起效时间为 (93 8± 2 2 4 )秒和(115 8± 14 9)秒 ,比Ⅳ组 (15 6 0± 37 2 )秒的短 (P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ,Ⅴ组的起效时间也显著短于Ⅵ组。气管插管条件Ⅴ组较Ⅳ组明显改善。结论　预注罗库溴铵不能使罗库溴铵的起效增快。预注罗库溴铵使阿曲库铵的起效明显增快 ,插管条件改善 ;预注罗库溴铵比预注阿曲库铵对阿曲库铵起效的增快作用更明显     

丙泊酚对罗库溴铵有效剂量的影响

目的 比较丙泊酚不同输注时间对罗库溴铵有效剂量的影响.方法 中青年女性全麻手术患者24例,以血浆靶浓度4 μg/ml输注丙泊酚和静注雷米芬太尼1/μg/kg麻醉诱导,气管内插管.输注丙泊酚和雷米芬太尼维持脑电双频指数40～50.监测拇内收肌颤搐反应.持续输注丙泊酚5 min(Ⅰ组)或20 min(Ⅱ组)后,给予首剂量罗席溴铵150 μg/kg.当TOF的T1下降并稳定在同一高度时,静注罗库溴铵50 μg/kg,直到T1抑制程度超过90%.记录每次静脉注射罗库溴铵后T1稳定值、间隔时间和皮温测定值,观察有无不良反应.结果 Ⅰ组罗席溴铵ED90和ED95分别为(261.6士53.8)μg/kg和(321.9±73.9)μg/kg,略高于Ⅱ组的(235.3±46.9)μg/kg和(297.7士53.5)μg/kg.两组罗库溴铵量效关系曲线的斜率和截距差异均无统计学意义.结论 中青年女性患者输注丙泊酚对罗库溴铵有效剂量无明显影响.     

罗库溴铵用于小儿的量效关系和肌松时效

目的　研究罗库溴铵用于小儿的量效关系和作用时效。方法　选择小儿与成人各40 例,用单次给药技术建立量效关系曲线,计算ED50、ED90和ED95;选择小儿与成人各10例,静脉注射 罗库溴铵600μg/kg后,记录起效时间、作用时间和恢复时间。结果　小儿与成人罗库溴铵的ED50 分别为199.6μg/kg和177.0μg/kg,ED90分别为297.8μg/kg和264.2μg/kg,ED95分别为 333.6μg/kg和295.9μg/kg;小儿与成人的起效时间分别为(84.4±15.4)s和(111.0±17.7)s,临床 肌松时间分别为(22.2±5.3)min和(28.8±6.2)min,恢复指数分别为(9.0±3.0)min和(12.5± 4.1)min,组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论　小儿罗库溴铵的ED50、ED90和ED95 均大于成人,且起效快、作用时间短、恢复快。     

不同年龄患儿罗库溴铵药效学的比较

目的 比较新生儿、婴儿、幼儿和儿童罗库溴铵的药效学.方法 择期全麻手术患儿160例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,根据年龄分为4组(n=40):新生儿组、婴儿组、幼儿组及儿童组.各组随机选取患儿20例,采用4次累积给药法静脉注射罗库溴铵,初始剂量:新生儿组40 μg/kg,婴儿组80 μg/kg,幼儿组及儿童组均为120 μg/kg,后3次均追加罗库溴铵40μg/kg.每次给药后.观察TOF反应.当T1连续3次稳定不变时,给予下一次剂量.采用概率单位法计算T1抑制50%、90%、95%的用药量(ED50、ED90、ED95).各组随机选取20例患儿,静脉注射2倍ED95剂量的罗库溴铵,记录肌松起效时间、高峰时间、临床肌松时间、体内作用时间和恢复指数.结果 与新生儿组比较,幼儿组和儿童组罗库溴铵ED50、ED90和ED95均升高(P<0.01),婴儿组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).婴儿组、幼儿组和儿童组罗库溴铵起效时间、临床肌松时间和体内作用时间缩短,恢复指数降低(P<0.01);与幼儿组比较.儿童组罗库溴铵ED50、ED90和ED95升高(P<0.01).结论 不同年龄患儿对罗库溴铵的量效关系和时效关系存在明显的差别,新生儿对罗库溴铵的敏感性最强.     

罗库溴铵和阿曲库铵联合应用的肌松效应分析

目的探讨罗库溴铵和阿曲库铵联合应用时的肌松效应。方法择期全麻手术女性成年患者147例,丙泊酚和舒芬太尼静脉诱导,输注丙泊酚维持麻醉。面罩辅助或控制呼吸,用加速度仪以连续4次刺激(TOF)方式透皮刺激腕部尺神经,获取肌松药作用起效时间和T1最大抑制程度(Tmax)。按观测项目将患者均分成四组。结果阿曲溴铵ED95为(220.8±3.6)μg/kg,罗库溴铵ED95为(286.3±3.1)μg/kg。0.5×ED95的罗库溴铵与阿曲库铵联合使用,肌松效应达到T1抑制93%~97%时,阿曲库铵的剂量为63.6μg/kg。罗库溴铵0.5×ED95与阿曲库铵63.6μg/kg联合使用,Tmax为(95.3±0.9)%,变异系数1.0%。Ⅳ组中三个亚组的Tmax基本相同,合用组作用起效时间比阿曲库铵组快(P<0.01)。给予肌松药前和注药后5min内,MAP和HR的波动幅度均小于5%。结论罗库溴铵与阿曲库铵合用呈协同作用。当罗库溴铵剂量为0.5×ED95时,为获得T1抑制95%的肌松效应,阿曲库铵的合理用量为63.6μg/kg,比阿曲库铵的ED95减少71.2%。     

七氟醚对心脏病病人维库溴铵肌松效力的影响

目的 :观察吸入七氟醚对维库溴铵肌松效力的影响。方法 :4 0例择期体外循环心内直视术病人随机分成两组 ,分别为静脉麻醉组 (对照组 )和静脉麻醉复合吸入 1 3MAC七氟醚组 (七氟醚组 ) ,采用累积剂量反应的方法测定两组维库溴铵的量效关系曲线。结果 :诱导期吸入七氟醚 15分钟后使维库溴铵的量效关系曲线左移 ,七氟醚组的ED50 和ED95分别为 19 2± 5 6和 3 7 0± 10 3 μg/kg ,与对照组的 3 0 7± 8 6和 5 7 8± 11 6μg/kg相比 ,分别减少3 6 5 %和 3 5 8% (P <0 0 1)。结论 :七氟醚麻醉能明显增强维库溴铵的肌松效力。     

罗库溴铵用于婴儿骨科手术的临床效果

目的观察罗库溴铵用于婴儿骨科手术的药效学和临床效果。方法 80例择期全麻骨科手术患儿,年龄1~12月。研究分为两部分:(1)量效关系测定:40例婴儿随机分为L1、L2、L3、L4组,建立罗库溴铵量-效关系曲线,计算ED50和ED95。(2)肌松时效观察:其余40例随机给予1倍ED95(L5组)、1.5倍ED95(L6组)、2倍ED95(L7组)、3倍ED95(L8组)罗库溴铵,记录插管条件、起效时间、恢复时间、恢复指数。结果婴儿罗库溴铵ED50为175.14μg/kg,95%可信区间(CI)69.96~533.62μg/kg;ED95为232.31μg/kg,95%CI 90.42~728.62μg/kg。随着罗库溴铵剂量的增大,L6组、L7组、L8组起效时间明显短于L5组(P0.05或P0.01),肌颤搐恢复时间明显长于L5组(P0.05);L7组和L8组恢复指数明显慢于L5组和L6组(P0.05或P0.01)。结论 1.5倍ED95即350μg/kg罗库溴铵即能够提供婴儿良好的气管插管条件,适用于手术时间短而又需要全麻插管的手术。     

癫痫患者罗库溴铵95％有效量的测定

目的 通过测定癫痫患者罗库溴铵95％有效量(95％ effective dose,ED95),为癫痫患者合理应用罗库溴铵提供依据. 方法 选取择期行癫痫病灶切除术患者40例,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级.根据罗库溴铵不同剂量按随机数字表法分为4组(每组10例):120 μg/kg组、180 μg/kg组、240 μg/kg组和300 μg/kg组.采用单次剂量注射法测定患者ED95,记录拇指内收肌“四个成串刺激(train of four stimulation,TOF)”第1个肌颤搐反应(T1)最大抑制的百分比及药物的起效时间,将最大抑制百分比进行概率单位转换,罗库溴铵的首次剂量做对数转换,用直线回归方法建立维库溴铵的剂量-反应曲线,计算出癫痫患者的罗库溴铵ED95值. 结果 各组间一般情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);不同剂量组起效时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),T1最大抑制程度随剂量增加而增加(P＜0.05),但240 μg/kg组和300 μg/kg组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);癫痫患者罗库溴铵ED95值为445.3 μg/kg,高于目前正常人群广泛应用的ED95值300 μg/kg(P＜0.05). 结论 癫痫患者罗库溴铵的ED95值高于正常人群,在该类患者中应增加罗库溴铵的剂量约50％以取得与正常人群相同的肌松水平.     

罗为溴铵预注不能缩短起效时间

目的　研究罗库溴铵的预注效果。方法　使用孤立前臂技术 ,在受试者前臂上观察预注 0 2 5mg罗库溴铵对 2分钟后给予的 2 5mg罗库溴铵起效时间的影响。 结果　观察组和对照组起效时间分别为 (10 4 3± 35 9)秒和 (10 7 2± 30 1)秒 ,组间比较无显著差异。结论　预注法不能显著缩短罗库溴铵的起效时间     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.