超声乳化白内障吸出术中后囊浑浊的处理

目的：探讨超声乳化白内障吸出术中后囊浑浊的处理方法及临床疗效。方法：对68眼手术中发现后囊浑浊的白内障患者,按常规完成晶状体超声乳化吸出术后,在后囊膜旁中央区刺小口,自此口向后囊膜与玻璃体前界膜间注入黏弹剂,用撕囊镊做直径3～4mm的连续环形撕囊。再将人工晶体植入囊袋内。结果：白内障超声乳化术中,发现后囊浑浊行后囊环形撕囊的68眼,对其中12眼儿童白内障和3眼术中玻璃体脱出者,予以前段玻璃体切除术。人工晶状体均成功植入囊袋内。术后视轴区清晰,无黄斑囊样水肿或视网膜脱离等并发症。结论：口囊连续环形撕囊术是治疗白内障后囊浑浊的安全有效地方法。     

后囊连续环形撕囊联合前段玻璃体切除术在儿童白内障手术中的应用

目的探讨后囊连续环形撕囊联合前段玻璃体切除术对儿童后发性白内障的预防作用。方法对32例32眼儿童白内障患者利用超声乳化技术摘除白内障时Ⅰ期进行后囊连续环形撕囊联合前段玻璃体切除术。结果全部术眼视轴区均透明,3眼后囊膜不规则撕裂,32眼均不影响IOL植入,无术中术后并发症。结论在利用超声乳化技术摘除白内障时I期进行后囊连续环形撕囊联合前段玻璃体切除术,能使视轴区保持清亮,有效防止后发性白内障的发生。     

后囊膜连续环形撕囊术联合前段玻璃体切除术治疗儿童先天性白内障

目的:探讨和评价后囊膜连续环形撕囊术联合前段玻璃体切除术治疗儿童先天性白内障,预防后囊膜混浊的临床疗效.方法:30例(56眼)先天性白内障的患儿中采用白内障超声乳化吸出及行后囊膜连续环形撕囊术的14例26眼(PCCC组),白内障超声乳化吸出、后囊膜连续环形撕囊联合前段玻璃体切除术的16 例30眼(玻切组).≥2岁的患儿施行一期人工晶状体植入.术后随访12～36个月,观察术后视力、并发症及眼部情况.结果:治疗后两组患儿视力有改善征象,视力提高.PCCC组与玻切组后发性白内障的发生率分别为46.15%(12/26)和 16.67%(5/30),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:后囊膜连续环形撕囊术联合前段玻璃体切除术较后囊膜连续环形撕囊术能更有效减少儿童先天性白内障术后后发性白内障的发生.     

后囊膜连续环形撕囊术的临床应用

目的探讨Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕囊术的临床应用。方法256例(281眼)行白内障囊外摘除或白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术,且在术中同时进行后囊膜连续环形撕囊术,术后随访5~48个月。结果视力在1.0以上者74眼,占26%;0.5~0.9者135眼,占48%;0.1~0.4者39眼,占14%;0.1以下者8眼,占3%。新生膜6眼,发生率2%,手术主要并发症有玻璃体内脱出。结论Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕囊术是降低后囊膜混浊的一种有效的方法。     

晶状体前囊染色在白色白内障连续环形撕囊术中的应用

目的观察Vision Blue(0.06%锥虫蓝)染色辅助撕囊技术完成连续环形撕囊(CCC)的超声乳化手术效果.方法白色白内障76例(84只眼),随机分成染色剂辅助撕囊组(A组)36例(40只眼)和常规手法撕囊组(B组)40例(44只眼),A组用0.06%锥虫蓝0.1 ml染色晶状体前囊膜后进行连续环形撕囊,B组用粘弹剂维持前房后直接进行连续环形撕囊.结果①连续环形撕囊成功者,在A组为97.5%,在B组为68.2%,两组差异极具显著性意义(P<0.001);②A组中,1只眼出现前囊膜向赤道部撕裂,但未造成后囊破裂;B组中,10只眼发生后囊膜破裂及部分玻璃体脱出,需要行前段玻璃体切除术.结论染色剂辅助撕囊技术,对于缺乏眼底红光反射的白内障患者,可以明显提高连续环形撕囊的成功率,使这类患者的超声乳化术更加安全.     

婴儿白内障15例手术治疗

目的探讨超声乳化吸出联合后囊膜连续环行撕囊术治疗1岁以内婴儿白内障的疗效。方法15例(27眼)1岁以下先天性白内障患儿,采用3 mm巩膜隧道切口,连续环形撕除晶状体前囊膜5 mm,超声乳化注吸器吸出晶状体皮质,连续环形撕除后囊膜4 mm。结果术后第7天所有眼角膜清,瞳孔圆,眼底清晰可见。27眼均未发现后囊膜浑浊。结论超声乳化吸出联合后囊膜连续环形撕囊治疗婴儿白内障明显降低了后囊膜浑浊发生率,手术并发症少。     

后囊连续环形撕囊术在白内障人工晶体植入术中的应用

目的：探讨后囊连续环形撕囊术(PCCC)的疗效以及术中、术后并发症的处理。方法：对先天性白内障12眼、外伤性白内障12眼、白内障超声乳化或抽吸术后囊破裂4眼、后发障9眼行后囊连续环形撕囊木，术后随访3～38个月。结果：28眼在后囊完好情况下完成PCCC，10．7％(3／28)后囊破裂，3．6％(1／28)玻璃体脱出行前段玻切；7．1％(2／28)撕囊倔中心。术后并发症有角膜水肿10．8％(4／37)；高眼压8．1％(3／37)；瞳孔变形5．4％(2／37)。随访矫正视力0．1—0．3的7眼，0．4—0．6的18眼，≥0．8的8眼，4例幼儿视力检查不理解，1眼后囊孔上移，1眼玻璃体前界膜混浊患儿随访13个月，其混浊无加重，余所有病例视轴区透明。结论：后囊连续环形撕囊术能有效防治后囊混浊，保持瞳孔区透明。术中、术后并发症与术中操作和术后处理有关。     

Ⅰ期后囊膜环形撕囊切开术在后囊膜增殖钙化中的应用

目的 探讨后囊膜增殖钙化白内障摘除术后对后囊膜处理的方法 并观察其效果.方法 对29例31眼后囊膜增殖钙化型白内障患者在行白内障常规摘除术后于人工晶体植入前或植入后对后囊膜进行Ⅰ期后囊膜环形撕开或切开术,撕囊口大小在3～4mm间.结果 29例31眼全部Ⅰ期顺利完成,后囊膜的环形撕开人工晶体植入囊袋内的27例29眼,2例2眼植入睫状沟,术后随访3～18月矫正视力＞0.5 22眼占70.9%,1例人工晶体轻度偏斜,矫正视力0.3,其余人工晶体位正无偏斜移位.无黄斑囊样水肿和视网膜脱离病例,无角膜内皮细胞失代偿病例.结论 Ⅰ期后囊膜环形撕开或切开对后囊膜增殖钙化型白内障对迅速获得视轴区透明,增加改善术后视力,彻底预防后发障是必要的也是安全有效的.     

8例白内障术中后囊膜破裂时行后囊膜撕囊术

目的：讨论白内障超声乳化除、囊外除及针吸除术中后囊膜破裂时行后囊膜连续曲线形撕囊术（Postertior continous curvilinear capsulorhexis,PCCC)的方法和作用。方法：利用撕囊镊对白内障除术中后囊膜破裂8例（8只眼）行PCCC，4例联合行前段玻璃体切除术，8例均植入后房型人工晶体。结果：8例后囊膜破裂后行PCCC眼均成功完成PCCC，术后观察6月－3年（平均19月），8例视轴均清晰，无明显的人工晶体光学部偏中心或人工晶体异位，未发生视网膜脱离及后发性白内障。结论：PCCC可有效避免部分术中后囊膜破孔进一步放射状撕裂，保持周边后囊膜的完整性，使人工晶体稳固于囊袋内。     

连续环形撕后囊联合玻璃体前界膜刺开防止后发障

目的 探讨连续环形撕后囊（posterior continuous circular capsulourhexis,PCCC)联合玻璃体前界膜刺开防止后发障的疗效和手术要点。方法 对41例白内障患者行PHACO手术，术中连续环形撕后囊，撕囊直径控制在3－4mm，并在撕囊孔内“＋”形刺开玻璃前界膜，然后囊袋内植入人工晶体。结果 41例白内障患者随访10－12个月以，除1例黄斑囊样水肿，2例撕囊孔偏离视中心外，未发现有后发障，视网膜脱离。结论 PCCC联合玻璃体前界膜刺开能有产防止后发障产生，并能避免因玻璃体切割而产生的并发症，适合于PHACO术中发现有后囊混浊的患者。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.