紫红獐牙菜中紫药苦甙的结构

继续报道从紫红獐牙菜Sivertia punicea Hemsl,全草中分得的另八个化合物(Ⅰ～Ⅷ)的结构,经光谱解析,I的结构推定为6′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基獐牙菜甙(6′-O-β-D-glucopyranosylsweroside,Ⅰ),为一新的裂环环烯醚萜甙类化合物,命名为紫药苦甙(swertiapunimarin),Ⅱ～Ⅷ的结构分别鉴定为獐牙菜甙(sweroside,Ⅱ)、獐牙菜苦甙(swertiamarin,Ⅲ)、齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid,Ⅳ)、胡萝卜甙(daucosterol.Ⅴ)、β-谷甾醇(B-sitosterol,Ⅵ)、2,3-二羟基-1,4-苯二甲酸(2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-benzodicarboxylic acid,Ⅶ)及methylswertianin.以上均首次从该植物中得到。     

海南冬青中的一个新三萜甙

从冬青科植物海南冬青(Ilex hainanensis Merr.)的叶中分离得一新的△¹²-齐墩果叶-烷型的三萜酯甙,甙元的结构为齐墩果叶12-烯23α,28β-二酸3β,16α-二羟基(olean-12-23α,28β-dioic acid 3β,16α-dihydroxyl,Ⅱ),甙的结构为Ⅱ的β-D-葡萄糖(1′→28)酯(β-D-glucopyranosyl(1′→28)ester of Ⅱ),命名为海南冬青甙(hainanenside,Ⅰ)。     

马缨丹根的三萜成分研究

从马缨丹(Lantana camara L.)根中分离到八个三萜成分,通过光谱(UV,IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,MS)分析和理化常数测定,分别鉴定为lantanolic acid(Ⅰ),22β-O-angeloyl-lantanolic acid(Ⅱ),oleanolic acid(Ⅲ),22βO-angeloyt-oleanolic acid(Ⅳ),22β-O-senecioyl-oleanolic acid(Ⅴ),22β-hydroxy-oleanolic acid(Ⅵ),19α-hydroxyursolic acid(Ⅶ),3β-isovaleroyl-19α-hydroxyursolic acid(Ⅷ)。Ⅱ系首次从植物中分离到。Ⅷ是新化合物,命名为lantaiursolic acid。     

西南獐牙菜化学成分的研究

从西南獐牙菜的全植物中分离出五个化合物,其中四个分别被鉴定为β-谷甾醇(Ⅶ),齐墩果酸(Ⅵ),1,3,7,8-四羟基咄酮(Ⅴ)和山楂酸(Ⅱ)。另一化合物系新的三萜酸糖酯甙,命名为獐牙菜皂甙(swericinctoside,Ⅰ),其结构为2α,3β-二羟基齐墩果-12-烯-28-羧酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1-6)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1-2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。     

山芝麻中三个新三萜化合物的结构测定

从梧桐科植物山芝麻(Helicteres angustifolia L.)的根中分离出6种成分。其中3种为已知化合物β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),白桦脂酸(betulic acid)和齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid)。其余3种为新的三萜类化合物,命名为山芝麻酸甲酯(methyl helicterate),山芝麻宁酸甲酯(methyl helicterate)和山芝麻宁酸(helicterilic acid)。其化学结构经光谱分析和衍生物制备分别推定为Ⅰ,Ⅱ和Ⅳ。     

山苦瓜中三萜及甾体成分的研究

从葫芦科植物山苦瓜(Momordica dioica)干燥块根中分离鉴定出5个三萜及甾体化合物:α-菠甾醇硬脂酸酯(I),α-菠甾醇 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(II),3β-羟基-23-氧-齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸甙(II),3β-羟基-23-氧-齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(IV)和3β,23-二羟基齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(V)。其中,成分II为一新化合物。     

乌拉尔甘草中皂甙的研究

自乌拉尔甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch)的根茎中共分离出三个皂甙类化合物,经化学方法和光谱解析,鉴定1为3β-羟基-11-氧化-齐墩果-12-烯-30-羧酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸基(1—2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甙,命名为乌拉尔甘草皂甙甲(ura1saponin A)。Ⅱ为3β-羟基-11-氧化-齐墩果-12-烯-30-羧酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸基(1-3)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甙,命名为乌拉尔甘草皂甙乙(uralsaponin B)。Ⅰ,Ⅱ均未见文献报道。Ⅲ为已知甘草酸。本文报道两个新甙的结构鉴定。     

马缨丹叶的化学成分研究

自马缨丹(Lantana camara L.)叶中分离到六个化合物。经光谱(UV,IR,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR)和化学分析,分别鉴定为齐墩果酮酸(oleanonic acid,Ⅰ),马缨丹甲素(lantadene A,Ⅱ),马缨丹乙素(lantadene B,Ⅲ),lantanilic acid(Ⅳ),icterogenin(Ⅴ)和4′,5-二羟基-3,7-二甲氧基黄酮-4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(4′,5-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,Ⅵ)。Ⅵ是新化合物,命名为马缨丹黄酮甙(camaroside)。     

华钩藤中新的氧化吲哚生物碱甙

自中药华钩藤(Uncaria sinensis[Oliv]Havil)叶子的乙醇提取物中分得2个16-位羧基氧化吲哚生物碱和2个它们的葡萄糖酯甙。经化学和光谱方法(UV,IR,FAB-MS,¹H-NMR,¹³C-NMR,CD)分别鉴定了它们结构,并命名为帽柱木菲酸(mitraphyllic acid,Ⅰ),异帽柱木菲酸(isomitraphyllic acid,Ⅱ),帽柱木菲酸[16-1]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯甙(mitraphyllic acid[16-1]-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester,Ⅳ)和异帽柱木菲酸(16-1)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯甙(isomitraphyllic acid[16-1]-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester,Ⅲ)。除化合物Ⅰ外,其余均为首次从天然得到的新化合物。     

异叶梁王茶化学成分的研究

从异叶梁王茶[Nothopanax davidii(Franch)Harms]树皮中分离得到两种五环三萜皂甙,经化学和光谱(IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,¹H-¹H COSY,¹H-¹³C COSY,NOESY,MS)分析,分别鉴定为3-O-α-(3′,4′-O-二乙酰基)-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-β-羟齐墩果-12-烯-28,29-双羧酸-28-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]酯甙(Ⅱ)和3-O-α-(3′-O-乙酰基)-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-3β-羟齐墩果-12-烯-28,29-双羧酸甙(Ⅱ),前者命名为异叶梁王茶甙Ⅰ,后者命名为异叶梁王茶甙Ⅱ。这两个皂甙均系新化合物。     

Anticomplement activities of oleanolic acid monodesmosides and bisdesmosides isolated fromTiarella polyphylla

Seven known oleanolic acid glycosides (1-7) were isolated from the MeOH extract of Tiarella polyphylla. The structures were identified to be 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl) oleanolic acid (1), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid (2), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid (3), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (4), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), 3-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] oleanolic acid (6), and 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (7) on the basis of physicochemical and spectral data. These triterpene glycosides were tested for the anticomplement activity and hemolytic activity. Bisdesmosidic saponins, 4, 5, and 7, showed anticomplement activity; in contrast, monodesmosidic saponins, 1-3, and 6, showed direct hemolytic activity. Methyl esterified monodesmosidic saponins showed anticomplement activity at a low concentration and hemolytic activity at a high concentration.     

Biotransformation of oleanolic acid by Alternaria longipes and Penicillium adametzi

Microbial transformation of oleanolic acid (1) was carried out. Six transformed products (2-7) from 1 by Alternaria longipes and three transformed products (8-10) from 1 by Penicillium adametzi were isolated. Their structures were elucidated as 2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-ursolic acid-28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxy-ursolic acid-28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), oleanolic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (4), oleanolic acid-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), 3-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), 2α,3β,19a-trihydroxy-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), 21β-hydroxyl oleanolic acid-28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (8), 21β-hydroxyl oleanolic acid (9), and 7α,21β-dihydroxyl oleanolic acid (10) based on the extensive NMR studies. Among them, 10 was a new compound and compounds 5 and 8-10 had stronger cytotoxic activities against Hela cell lines than the substrate. At the same time, it was reported for the first time in this paper that the skeletons of compounds 2 and 3 were changed from oleanane to uranane and seven glycosidation products were obtained by biotransformation.     

Anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect of the Kochia scoparia fruits and activity comparison of momordin lc,its prosapogenin and sapogenin

MeOH extract of Kochia scoparia was fractionated into CHCl3-, EtOAc- and BuOH extracts and the last fraction were hydrolyzed by 3%-NaOH (MeOH-H2O) to compare the bioactivities on antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Silica gel column chromatography of BuOH fraction afforded a large amount of 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid (momordin lc, 4) and that of acid hydrolysate of BuOH fraction gave 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid (momordin lb, 3), its 6'-O-methyl ester (2) and oleanolic acid (1). Silica gel column chromatography of alkaline hydrolysate afforded a large amount of 4. MeOH extract and both EtOAc- and BuOH fractions were active in the rheumatoidal rat induced Freund's complete adjuvant reagent (FCA) whereas CHCl3 fraction was inactive. Compound 1 and 4 showed significant activities in the same assay but oleanolic acid 3-O-glucuronopyranoside (3) showed no activity. These fashions were also observed in carrageenan-induced edema of the rat and in the antinociceptive activity tests undertaken in hot plate- and writhing methods. These results suggest that momordin lc and its aglycone, oleanolic acid, could be active principles for rheumatoid arthritis.     

Four new oleanane type saponins from Morina nepalensis var. alba

Four new oleanane type saponins, monepalosides G-J (1-4), were isolated from the water-soluble part of the whole plant of Morina nepalensis var. alba Hand-Mazz. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, their structures were determined as 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (monepaloside G, 1), 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (monepaloside H, 2), 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (monepaloside I, 3), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (monepaloside J, 4), respectively. Two-dimensional NMR spectra, including H-H COSY, HMQC, 2D HMQC-TOCSY, HMBC and ROESY were utilized in the structure elucidation and complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectra.     

Triterpenoid saponins from the root barks ofAralia elata

From the root barks ofAralia elata Seem.(Araliaceae) three known saponins together with oleanolic acid and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside were isolated. The saponins were identified as oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester, oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside and oleanolic acid 3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoysyl-(1»4)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside(narcissiflorine) on the basis of chemical and spectra data. The latter two saponins were isolated as their dimethylesters as well as monomethylesters.     

Five new oleanolic acid glycosides from Achyranthes bidentata with inhibitory activity on osteoclast formation

Bioassay-directed fractionation of a butanol-soluble fraction of methanol extract of the root of Achyranthes bidentata resulted in the isolation of 5 new oleanolic acid glycosides 1-5, namely, 18-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-28-oxoolean-12-en-3beta-yl 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid methyl ester (1), achyranthoside C dimethyl ester (2), achyranthoside C butyl dimethyl ester (3), achyranthoside E dimethyl ester (4), and achyranthoside E butyl methyl ester (5), together with 10 known compounds. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic interpretation and chemical methods. All the oleanolic acid glycosides inhibited the formation of osteoclast-like multinucleated cells (OCLs) induced by 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 in a co-culture assay system.     

黄腊果藤茎化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究黄腊果藤茎的化学成分。方法采用反复硅胶柱色谱法、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱法和重结晶等进行分离纯化,并通过波谱分析技术鉴定其化学结构。结果从黄腊果藤茎中分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为肌醇(myoinositol,1)、羽扇豆醇(lupeol,2)、3-乙酰齐墩果酸(3-acetoxyoleanolic acid,3)、16-β-羟基羽扇豆烷-20(29)-烯-3-酮(16-β-hydroxylupane-20(29)-en-3-one,4)、1'-O-β-D-(3,4-二羟基苯乙基)-6'-O-香草酰基-葡萄苷([1'-O-β-D-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-6'-O-vanilloyl-glucopyranoside],5)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,6)、齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid,7)、正丁基-β-D-吡喃果糖苷(n-butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside,8)。结论化合物1、3、8为首次从野木瓜属植物中分离得到,化合物2、4～7为首次从黄腊果中分离得到。     

Antibacterial and antiparasitic activity of oleanolic acid and its glycosides isolated from marigold (Calendula officinalis)

The antibacterial and antiparasitic activities of free oleanolic acid and its glucosides and glucuronides isolated from marigold (Calendula officinalis) were investigated. The MIC of oleanolic acid and the effect on bacterial growth were estimated by A600 measurements. Oleanolic acid's influence on bacterial survival and the ability to induce autolysis were measured by counting the number of cfu. Cell morphology and the presence of endospores were observed under electron and light microscopy, respectively. Oleanolic acid inhibited bacterial growth and survival, influenced cell morphology and enhanced the autolysis of Gram-positive bacteria suggesting that bacterial envelopes are the target of its activity. On the other hand, glycosides of oleanolic acid inhibited the development of L3 Heligmosomoides polygyrus larvae, the infective stage of this intestinal parasitic nematode. In addition, both oleanolic acid and its glycosides reduced the rate of L3 survival during prolonged storage, but only oleanolic acid glucuronides affected nematode infectivity. The presented results suggest that oleanolic acid and its glycosides can be considered as potential therapeutic agents.     

栀子根化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的对栀子(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis)的根进行化学成分研究。方法应用硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱和Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等分离手段进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果从栀子根体积分数为70%的乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为桦木酸(betulinic acid,1)、齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid2,)、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷-6'-O-甲酯(oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside-6'-O-methyl ester,3)、常春藤皂苷元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷-6'-O-甲酯(hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside-6'-O-methyl ester,4)、竹节参苷(chikusetsusaponinⅣa,5)、豆甾醇(stigmasterol,6)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,7)、胡萝卜苷(dau-costerol,8)、香草酸(vanillic acid,9)、丁香酸(syringic acid,10)。结论化合物3～5、8～10为首次从栀子属植物中分离得到,化合物12、7、为首次从栀子根中分离得到。     

Oleanolic acid,a pentacyclic triterpenoid,induces rabbit platelet aggregation through a phospholipase C-calcium dependent signaling pathway

Oleanolic acid (3beta-hydroxy-olea-12-en-28-oic), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, exists widely in the plant kingdom and has a wide variety of pharmacological effects such as antitumor, antifungal, insecticidal, hepatoprotective and anti-HIV activities. This paper reports that oleanolic acid induces the aggregation of rabbit platelets, a mechanism was also investigated. Oleanolic acid at concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 microM induced the aggregation of washed rabbit platelets in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreating the platelets with U73122, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, blocked the oleanolic acid induced-aggregation, whereas acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, had no effect. In addition, the effect of oleanolic acid on serotonin secretion, which is a marker for dense granule secretion, was determined. Oleanolic acid induced serotonin secretion in a similar concentration-dependent manner as observed with platelet aggregation. Pretreating the platelets with U73122 blocked the oleanolic acid-induced serotonin secretion and cytosolic calcium mobilization. Overall, these results suggest that oleanolic acid can induce platelet aggregation, which may be mediated by the stimulation of PLC-mediated cytosolic calcium mobilization.