白果能止咳平喘

白果（银杏果）一般在秋季采集。其果仁含有蛋白质、银杏酸、氢白果酸、银杏醇等，对多种细菌有不同程度的抑制作用，其水浸剂对真菌也有抑制作用。白果叶提取物能扩张血管，常用于动脉硬化和高血压病的辅助治疗。     

益肺食物知多少

研究表明，下列食物对肺的保健很有益处，属健肺食品，老年人应适当常吃。 1．白果白果为银杏科植物银杏的种子，富含蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、粗纤维、蔗糖、还原糖、钙、磷、铁、胡萝卜素、核黄素，以及白果醇、白果酚、白果酸等多种成分。性平，味甘、苦，入肺、脾经，具有滋阴润肺、养血生肌、敛肺气、止咳平喘的作用。《医学启源》说它能“除肺中燥，治风燥在于胸膈”。     

白果中毒的预防和治疗

白果,亦称银杏。一般是指除掉银杏种子外种皮的种核,可食部分为种核内的种仁。白果炒食或煮食后芳香沁人,甜糯可口,且营养丰富。据测定,白果种仁中含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、糖、以及钙、磷、铁、维生素等多种营养成分。白果列为中药,最早见于元代吴瑞的《日用本草》一书。明代李时珍在其《本草纲目》中写道:“白果温肺益气,定喘咳,缩小便,止白浊,降痰,消毒杀菌”。白果通过加工,可制成具有各种风味的数十种食品和饮料,其加工品色泽鲜艳,气味浓郁,香甜可口,成为老幼皆宜的保健食品和保健饮料,在国内外市场十     

2001-2010年《营养学报》学术论文的综述(Ⅳ)

<正>7营养学基础7.1蛋白质和氨基酸蛋白质:骨桥蛋白能促进成骨细胞(OB)增殖、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性和骨保护素(OPG)/核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)mRNA的表达[726]。白果活性蛋白有较好的抗生物氧化作用[727]。大豆蛋白在体外消化实验中可促进不溶性钙磷复合物的形成,并能结合胆汁酸[728]。大豆分离蛋白在体外使用胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶酶解,可产     

银杏滴丸对快速老化鼠超氧化物歧化酶影响

银杏具有重要药用价值，已知其化学提取物多达160余种。主要有黄酮类、萜类、酚类、生物碱、聚异戊烯、奎宁酸、亚油酸、蟒草酸、抗坏血酸、α-已烯醛、白果醇、白果酮等。其中成药制品可以防治高血压、心脑血管等疾病，对延缓衰老具有特殊的功效。本研究银杏滴丸对快速老化鼠超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）基因和蛋白表达的影响。现将结果报告如下。     

小苦微苦,白果补身

“深灰浅火略相遭，小苦微苦韵最高。未必鸡头如鸭脚，不妨银杏作金桃”。这是宋时诗人杨万里在《食馐志感》中赞美银杏的诗句。银杏为我国之特产，全国有十几个银杏产区，主产于浙江、湖北、江苏等省，其核仁称之为白果。　　银杏是一种高级的天然滋补品和医病疗疾之良药。其中，每 100g银杏中，含有淀粉 62.4g，蛋白质 11.56g，脂肪 2.6g，糖 6.3g，维生素 1.2g，矿物质 3g，还有其它营养成份。祖国医学认为：银杏，性味甘、苦、涩、平，具有舒肺化痰、止咳、补肺、通经、利尿等功效。现代医学常将银杏入药，用于支气管炎、哮喘、慢性气管…     

亦食亦药说白果

白果，亦称银杏，是世界上现存最古老的果树之一——银杏树的果实。李时珍在《本草纲目》中指出其得名由来：银杏“原生江南，叶似鸭掌，因名鸭脚。宋初始入贡，改呼银杏，因其形似小杏而核色白也。今名白果。”宋代初年，白果被列为贡品进奉宫廷，皇帝见此物外壳洁白如银，果实似杏，便赐名为“银杏”。     

温肺益气说银杏

银杏系银杏科落叶乔木,高达40米。叶折扇形,形似鸭脚,故又名“鸭脚”。叶无背腹面,秀丽飘逸,风拂之翩然若舞。雌雄异株,四月间花叶同放,花期极短。其果如青杏,果核色白,故名为银杏,又名白果。 银杏为现存种子植物中最古老和最独特的一类,只一科一属一种,是几亿年前古生代树木,故有“活化石”之称。 宋初,白果成为贡品,并赐名银杏。欧阳修有诗:“绛囊初入贡,银杏贵中州”。杨万里也有咏银杏诗:“深     

银杏趣谈

银杏又称白果,是一味较常用的中药。白果的原植物为银杏科落叶乔木,是现存的一种极为古老而稀有的裸子植物。远在2亿7千多万年前的古生代石炭纪末期,银杏树就已经出现在地球上。亿万年以来,经过地壳运动,气候巨变,特别是经历第四纪冰川的影响,银杏这一珍贵的古老树种在我国和亚洲少数地区幸存下来,因而被人们称为“活化石”。     

白果——益肤养颜又滋补

白果别名“银杏”、“鸭脚子”,是银杏科植物银杏除去外皮后干燥的成熟种子。李时珍在《本草纲目》中指出其得名由来:“银杏原生江南……叶似鸭掌,因名鸭脚。宋初始入贡,改呼银杏。因其形似小杏而核色白也,今名白果。”由于白果树从栽种到结果需要一段相当长的时间,可说是“公植树而孙食”,也就是祖父年轻时种下的树苗,要等到孙子长大时才能开花结果,因而白果又有“公孙树”的别称。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.