运动疗法在软组织所致下腰痛术后康复治疗中的应用

目的：影响下腰痛治疗效果的原因很多，探讨由腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛术后的运动疗法，对患者术后腰部功能恢复的效果。方法：腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛患者58例，男27例，女31例；年龄18～66岁；慢性腰痛时间2～42年，平均29年。治疗采用腰骶部骨筋膜间隔切开减压及术后竖脊肌功能训练的方法。结果：58例患者术后经1～28个月，平均1、5个月康复功能训练后，术前久坐、久站、长时间行走、长时间固定姿势卧床及长时间弯腰后腰痛症状及阳性体征消失55例，缓解3例。术前腰骶部骨筋膜间隔内压在静息、运动中和运动后6min内分别为(1．4&;#177;0．1)，(24、9&;#177;1．5)和(1．8&;#177;0．2)kPa．术后分别为(0．9&;#177;0、1)，(21．6&;#177;1．6)和(0．9&;#177;0．1)kPa，手术前后比较差异有显著性意义(t值分别为2．04，2．32，3．21，P&;lt;0．05或0、01)。超声多普勒表明腰骶部骨骼肌内最大血流速度和平均血流速度较术前分别增加(0．17&;#177;0．02)kHzR(o、09&;#177;0．01)kHz(P&;lt;0．05)。结论：腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛采用骨筋膜间隔切开减压及术后竖脊肌功能训练的方法是可行的。     

运动疗法在软组织所致下腰痛术后康复治疗中的应用

目的:影响下腰痛治疗效果的原因很多,探讨由腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛术后的运动疗法,对患者术后腰部功能恢复的效果。方法:腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛患者58例,男27例,女31例;年龄18～66岁;慢性腰痛时间2～42年,平均29年。治疗采用腰骶部骨筋膜间隔切开减压及术后竖脊肌功能训练的方法。结果:58例患者术后经1～28个月,平均1.5个月康复功能训练后,术前久坐、久站、长时间行走、长时间固定姿势卧床及长时间弯腰后腰痛症状及阳性体征消失55例,缓解3例。术前腰骶部骨筋膜间隔内压在静息、运动中和运动后6min内分别为(1.4±0.1),(24.9±1.5)和(1.8±0.2)kPa,术后分别为0.9±0.1),(21.6±1.6)和0.9±0.1)kPa,手术前后比较((差异有显著性意义(t值分别为2.04,2.32,3.21,P<0.05或0.01)。超声多普勒表明腰骶部骨骼肌内最大血流速度和平均血流速度较术前分别增加(0.17±0.02)kHz和(0.09±0.01)kHz(P<0.05)。结论:腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛采用骨筋膜间隔切开减压及术后竖脊肌功能训练的方法是可行的。     

慢性骨筋膜室综合征所致慢性腰痛的临床诊断、治疗与康复

目的探讨由腰骶部慢性骨筋膜室综合征所致慢性腰痛的临床诊断、手术治疗和康复方法. 方法对慢性腰痛患者采用临床检查、腰骶部竖脊肌骨筋膜室内压测量方法诊断为慢性骨筋膜室综合征者39例,其中男17例,女22例;年龄18～66岁,平均40.6岁;慢性腰痛时间2～42年,平均25.5年.采用微创方法行腰骶部竖脊肌骨筋膜室切开减压术,术后2d开始进行腰、腹肌功能训练. 结果治疗后腰痛临床症状较术前明显好转、步行能力明显增加,腰部前屈、后伸活动度较术前分别增加(15±0.5)°和(7±0.7)°,腰骶部骨筋膜室内压在静息、运动中和运动后6 min以内,统计结果分别为(6.6±0.7),(160.3±11.15)和(6.9±0.8)mmHg[术前分别为(11.1±0.7),(188.1±12.08)和(14.1±1.2)mmHg],两组相比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).超声多普勒表明腰骶部骨骼肌内最大血流速度和平均血流速度较术前分别增加(0.17±0.02)和(0.09±0.01)kHz. 结论应用临床检查及骨筋膜室内压测定的方法诊断由腰骶部慢性骨筋膜室综合征所致慢性腰痛是可靠的.治疗上可采用骨筋膜室切开减压术.术后腰、腹肌康复训练是必要的.     

骨筋膜室综合征致慢性腰痛的临床研究

背景目前对骨筋膜室综合征所致慢性腰痛的诊断、治疗以及骨骼肌病理变化还缺乏足够的认识.目的探讨和介绍腰骶部骨筋膜室综合征致慢性腰痛的临床诊断、治疗方法及骨骼肌的病理变化.设计非随机、自身对照、回顾性研究.地点和对象本院收治的慢性骨筋膜室综合征患者33例,男15例,女18例,年龄18～66岁,平均42 3岁,慢性腰痛时间2～42年,平均27年.方法采用微创方法行腰骶部竖脊肌骨筋膜室切开减压术,术后进行腰、腹肌功能锻炼并进行疗效评价.选择平L3棘突竖脊肌外侧缘微进针点,用自行设计的带有侧孔及微压力感受装置的测压针,直接刺入竖脊肌内,分别测量竖脊肌内的静息压、运动中压和运动后6 min以内的压力改变.主要观察指标下腰痛症状,步行能力,腰部前屈、后伸活动度,超声多普勒腰骶部血流的改变及腰骶部骨筋膜室内压在静息、运动中、运动后的改变.结果术后下腰痛临床症状较术前明显好转,步行能力明显增加,腰部前屈、后伸活动度较术前分别增加(15±0.5)°和(7±0.7)°术前腰骶部骨筋膜室内压在静息、运动中和运动后6 min以内分别为(1.4±0.1),(24.9±1.5)和(1.8±0.2)kPa,术后分别为(0.9±0.1),(21.6±1.6)和(0.9±0.1)kPa(t值分别为2.04,2.32,3.21,P＜0.05或0.01).竖脊肌病理改变为退行性变、灶状萎缩和坏死,电镜表现为散在性的骨骼肌纤维排列紊乱,多处骨骼肌纤维变性.超声多普勒结果表明腰骶部骨骼肌内血流量较术前明显增加.结论应用临床检查及骨筋膜室内压测定的方法诊断由腰骶部慢性骨筋膜室综合征所致慢性腰痛是可靠的.治疗上可采用骨筋膜室切开减压术.     

骨筋膜室综合征致慢性腰痛的临床研究

背景：目前对骨筋膜室综合征所致慢性腰痛的诊断、治疗以及骨骼肌病理变化还缺乏足够的认识。目的：探讨和介绍腰骶部骨筋膜室综合征致慢性腰痛的临床诊断、治疗方法及骨骼肌的病理变化。设计：非随机、自身对照、回顾性研究。地点和对象：本院收治的慢性骨筋膜室综合征患者33例，男15例，女18例，年龄18～66岁，平均42．3岁，慢性腰痛时间2～42年，平均27年。方法：采用微创方法行腰骶部竖脊肌骨筋膜室切开减压术，术后进行腰、腹肌功能锻炼并进行疗效评价。选择平L3棘突竖脊肌外侧缘微进针点，用自行设计的带有侧孔及微压力感受装置的测压针，直接刺入竖脊肌内，分别测量竖脊肌内的静息压、运动中压和运动后6min以内的压力改变。主要观察指标：下腰痛症状，步行能力，腰部前屈、后伸活动度，超声多普勒腰骶部血流的改变及腰骶部骨筋膜室内压在静息、运动中、运动后的改变。结果：术后下腰痛临床症状较术前明显好转，步行能力明显增加，腰部前屈、后伸活动度较术前分别增加(15&;#177;0．5)&;#176;和(7&;#177;0．7)&;#176;。术前腰骶部骨筋膜室内压在静息、运动中和运动后6min以内分别为(1．4&;#177;0．1)，(24．9&;#177;1．5)和(1．8&;#177;0．2)kPa，术后分别为(0．9&;#177;0．1)，(21．6&;#177;1．6)和(0．9&;#177;0．1)kPa(t值分别为2．04，2．32，3．2l，P&;lt;0．05或0．01)。竖脊肌病理改变为退行性变、灶状萎缩和坏死，电镜表现为散在性的骨骼肌纤维排列紊乱，多处骨骼肌纤维变性。超声多普勒结果表明腰骶部骨骼肌内血流量较术前明显增加。结论：应用临床检查及骨筋膜室内压测定的方法诊断由腰骶部慢性骨筋膜室综合征所致慢性腰痛是可靠的。治疗上可采用骨筋膜室切开减压术.     

腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性下腰痛的临床诊断

目的:综合分析腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛的临床诊断方法。资料来源:应用计算机检索万方数据库2000-06/2005-07有关腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛临床诊断方面的文献,检索词“腰骶部,慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征,慢性腰痛,诊断”,并限定文章语言种类为中文。同时应用计算机检索Ovid2000-06/2005-07有关腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛临床诊断方面的文献,检索词“chronic,lowbackpain,compartmentsyndrome,diagnosis”,并限定文章语言种类为English。资料选择:对检索到的有关腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛临床诊断方面的有关信息进行整理,选取针对性强的文章。同一领域的文献则选择近期发表或权威杂志的文章。资料提炼:共检索到36篇相关文献,其中26篇文章符合要求,排除10篇,其中4篇系重复同一研究。资料综合:目前腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性下腰痛的临床诊断方法主要包括以下几种:①临床症状与体征。②实验室检查:均属非特异性。③影像学检查。④超声多普勒检查。⑤骨筋膜间隔内压测量。⑥近红外线分光镜检查。⑦骨骼肌组织病理和超微结构的变化。⑧其他:如肌电图检查、骨密度测定等,但均为非特异性。结论:目前临床症状与体征检查和骨筋膜间隔内压测定是诊断腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛的主要标准,同时,一些无创性、无痛性检查如近红外线分光镜等已运用于诊断,但应用仍有限,而且现在依然缺乏有助诊断的实验室检查指标,有待进一步研究。     

腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性下腰痛的临床诊断

目的：综合分析腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛的临床诊断方法。 资料来源：应用计算机检索万方数据库2000-06／2005-07有关腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛临床诊断方面的文献，检索词“腰骶部，慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征，慢性腰痛，诊断”，并限定文章语言种类为中文。同时应用计算机检索Ovid 2000-06／2005-07有关腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛临床诊断方面的文献，检索词“chronic,low back pain，compartment syndrome,diagnosis”，并限定文章语言种类为English。 资料选择：对检索到的有关腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛临床诊断方面的有关信息进行整理，选取针对性强的文章。同一领域的文献则选择近期发表或权威杂志的文章。 资料提炼：共检索到36篇相关文献，其中26篇文章符合要求，排除10篇，其中4篇系重复同一研究。 资料综合：目前腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性下腰痛的临床诊断方法主要包括以下几种：①临床症状与体征。②实验室检查：均属非特异性。③影像学检查。④超声多普勒检查。⑤骨筋膜间隔内压测量。⑥近红外线分光镜检查。⑦骨骼肌组织病理和超微结构的变化。⑧其他：如肌电图检查、骨密度测定等，但均为非特异性。 结论：目前临床症状与体征检查和骨筋膜间隔内压测定是诊断腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛的主要标准，同时，一些无创性、无痛性检查如近红外线分光镜等已运用于诊断，但应用仍有限，而且现在依然缺乏有助诊断的实验室检查指标，有待进一步研究。     

腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征解剖及临床研究现状

目的:总结近年来腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征的研究现状,以期提高人们对腰骶部骨筋膜间隔综合征的认识、诊断及治疗。方法:应用计算机检索CNKI1994-01/2007-03及万方数据库2000-01/2007-03相关腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征方面的文献,检索词"下腰痛,腰肌劳损,腰骶部骨筋膜间隔综合征",限定文章语言种类为中文。同时计算机检索PubMed、Medline、Springerlink2000-01/2007-03及Embase数据库2003-01/2007-03相关腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征方面的文献,检索词"LBP,lumbar muscle strain,Chronic Compartment syndrome",并限定文章语言种类为English。对资料进行初审,选取包括腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征的文献,开始查找全文,并查看每篇文献后的引文。纳入标准:文章所述内容应与慢性骨筋膜室综合征、慢性下腰痛、肌内压测定有关。排除标准:重复研究或Meta分析类文章。结果:共检索到45篇关于腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征的文献,最终纳入15篇符合标准的文献。腰骶部骨筋膜间隔综合征目前尚未被普遍认识,但是1981年Peck就首次报道腰部骨筋膜间隔综合征,并提出该病可能是下腰痛原因之一。腰骶部骨筋膜间隔综合征与其他部位的骨筋膜间隔综合征病理变化相似,若得不到及时治疗就会引起肌肉的变性、坏死及纤维化,这是腰肌劳损形成的重要病理原因之一。诊断腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征需要在排除其他疾病的基础上结合骨筋膜间隔内压力测定。骨筋膜间隔内压力的直接测定仍然是骨筋膜间隔综合征诊断的金标准。目前骨筋膜间隔综合征治疗四肢部位都趋向于行解压手术治疗,腰骶部的骨筋膜间隔综合征治疗意见不一,保守治疗虽然可以暂时缓解酸痛症状但疗效没有确切的统计学依据,并且不能预防阻止受压的骨骼肌变性。筋膜切开解压术是针对此病的基本疗法,有关专家的研究表明术前术后效果明显。因此对腰骶部骨筋膜间隔综合征的认识、诊断及治疗,对预防或减少慢性腰肌劳损所致的慢性腰痛具有重要意义。结论:腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征可引起下腰痛,保守治疗虽然可以暂时起效但不能根本解决问题,手术治疗仍是基本的治疗手段。     

端粒长度与腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征

背景:端粒的长度与细胞老化、永生化、痛变有密切的关系.目的:探讨端粒长度变化在腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征中的意义.设计、时间及地点:对比观察,实验于2007-07/2008-02在上海交通大学医学院医学基因组学国家重点实验室完成.对象:25份竖脊肌组织标本取自2007-05/09,年龄29-49岁,平均(34.7±12.6)岁,其中10份为正常人标本,15份为腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛患者标本,根据年龄正常标本分为30-37岁和38-45岁2个对照组;非正常标本分为29～34岁、35～43岁和44～49岁组,每组5例.方法:取各组标本提取DNA,采用Southen Blotting杂交技术,测量各组标本竖脊肌组织骨骼肌细胞端粒长度.主要观察指标:患者竖脊肌组织与jF常组织端粒酶长度.结果:腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致慢性腰痛患者竖脊肌细胞平均端粒长度明显比正常人竖脊肌细胞平均端粒长度短,且有显著性差异(P<0.05),44～49岁组最短,29～34岁组其次.结论:端粒的异常状态参与腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征的发生.在腰骶部慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征病变的过程中,端粒长度明显变短,与年龄有关.     

中文版Oswestry功能障碍指数在慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致腰痛中的应用

摘要 目的：对慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征(CCS)致腰痛患者使用中文版Oswestry功能障碍指数（CODI）和中文版Roland-Morris功能障碍问卷表(CRMDQ)进行功能障碍评定，探讨CCS致腰痛患者术前、术后评定的实用性。方法：病程>6个月，经临床确诊为CCS致腰痛患者41例，收集患者的临床资料，用CODI、CRMDQ评定患者的功能障碍程度。结果：CODI，术前(34.25±3.01)与术后（19.83±2.89）比较差异有显著性意义（P＜0.01）；CRMDQ，术前(7.66±0.89)与术后（3.76±0.65）比较差异有显著性意义（P<0.05）。结论：中文版ODI与中文版RMDQ相比，符合率高，差异有显著性。中文版ODI评定CCS致腰痛的康复疗效稳定、可靠，可作为一项重要的参考指标。 关键词 慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征；功能障碍指数；功能障碍问卷表；腰痛 中图分类号：R493，R681.5 文献标识：B 文章编号：1001-1242(2008)-04-0349-02     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.