电动牙刷对牙龈炎作用的研究

目的 :评估两种电动牙刷 (佳洁士SpinBrushTM和佳洁士SpinBrushProTM)在为期 1个月的使用后 ,受试者牙龈炎较基线减少的程度。方法 :实验采用随机、对照、检查者单盲的平行设计。在实验初 (第 1天 )及实验末 (第 30天 )记录所有受检者的L e -Silness牙龈指数GI值 ,牙刷功效表示为 1月后的GI值较基线时发生的变化。结果 :共有 87名受试者完成本实验。佳洁士电动牙刷SpinBrush和SpinBrushPro组一月后的GI值与基线比显著降低 6 0 % (P <0 .0 0 1) ;牙龈出血点一月后也显著减少 6 0 % (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :佳洁士电动牙刷SpinBrush和SpinBrushPro对减少牙龈炎有明显作用。     

二氧化氯含漱液治疗牙龈炎、控制牙菌斑的临床效果

目的：评价二氧化氯含漱液治疗牙龈炎、控制牙菌斑的临床效果。方法：采用双盲对照方法，选择100名患有牙龈炎的17～20岁的健康男女学生作为研究对象，随机分成两组，每组50人，男女均等。实验组给以口腔爽（有效成份是二氧化氯）含漱液，对照组给以口泰含漱液，观察使用含漱液7d后两组受试者前后的牙龈指数和菌斑指数的变化，依此来评价口腔爽的临床效果。结果：使用口腔爽含漱液受试者的平均牙龈指数和菌斑指数分别减少0.66和0.91，均有统计学显著性意义（P〈0.001）；与对照组（0.64、1.06）相比，差异无显著性（P〉0.5）。结论：二氧化氯含漱液对治疗牙龈炎、控制牙菌斑有明显效果，与口泰相比无显著差异，临床上未发现任何副作用。     

声波震动牙刷对牙龈炎的临床作用

目的通过牙龈健康者和牙龈炎患者使用声波震动牙刷,观察其对牙龈炎的临床作用。方法选择年龄18～25岁的医学院学生50例,检查牙龈指数后使用声波震动牙刷,每天刷牙2次,每次2min。连续使用1月后,分别检查牙龈指数。结果使用声波震动牙刷刷牙1月后,2组牙龈指数均明显下降,具有高度显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论声波震动牙刷能有效清除牙菌斑和改善牙龈健康,是家庭口腔护理的一个有效工具。     

稳定性二氧化氯含漱液治疗牙龈炎的临床研究

目的　验证稳定性二氧化氯含漱液 (口腔爽含漱液 )治疗牙龈炎的临床效果。方法　采用双盲临床对照试验方法 ,选择 10 0名患有牙龈炎的 17～ 2 0岁的男女学生作为研究对象 ,随机分成两组 ,每组 5 0人 ,男女均等。试验组给以口腔爽含漱液 ,对照组给以口泰含漱液 ,观察两组受试者使用含漱液 7d前后的牙龈指数和菌斑指数的变化 ,依此来评价口腔爽含漱液的临床效果。结果　使用口腔爽含漱液受试者的平均牙龈指数和菌斑指数分别减少0 .6 6和 0 .91,均有统计学显著性意义 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;与对照组分别为 0 .6 4、1.0 6比较 ,差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .5 0 )。结论　口腔爽含漱液对治疗牙龈炎、控制牙菌斑有明显效果 ,与口泰无显著差别 ,且口感好 ,未发现任何副作用 ,是一种新型的口腔含漱液 ,值得在临床上推广应用。     

强氧化水对口腔内细菌数量影响的临床试验

目的采用自身对照和细菌鉴别定量分析的方法研究强氧化水溶液对口腔内的细菌数量的影响。方法 15名志愿者分别在两个时间点含漱生理盐水和强氧化水,并分别在含漱前后采集细菌样本,送实验室细菌培养、定量分析。结果从志愿者口腔中检出的细菌主要是链球菌和奈瑟氏菌。生理盐水组和强氧化水组含漱后细菌数量均有显著减少（P=0.0014,P=0.0000）。生理盐水组和强氧化水组含漱后细菌减少程度比较有显著性差异（P=0.0051）。结论强氧化水口腔含漱可有效减少口腔内的细菌数量,其抗菌效果优于生理盐水。     

绿茶多酚胶姆糖防治牙龈炎的临床试验

目的 探讨咀嚼绿茶多酚胶姆糖对牙龈炎的防治作用.方法 选取受试者157人,试验组咀嚼绿茶多酚胶姆糖,对照组咀嚼不含绿茶多酚的胶姆糖,空白组不给予干预措施.试验前及试验后3、 12、 24个月检查各组受试者的龈沟出血指数.结果 咀嚼胶姆糖的2组在试验3个月后龈沟出血指数低于空白组,并且在试验24个月后,试验组龈沟出血指数显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 咀嚼绿茶多酚胶姆糖能改善牙龈出血症状,具有较好的牙龈炎防治效果.     

强氧化离子水在口腔科的应用

强氧化离子水是将自来水加盐 ,经过电解处理生成的一种消毒剂。它的氧化还原电位为 110 0ｍｖ以上 ,ｐＨ值为2 .7以下 ,含有 2 0～ 30 ｐｐｍ的次氯酸 ,细菌病毒等微生物在这种环境下不能生存[1,2 ] 。强氧化离子水杀菌迅速 ,随着与光和空气及有机物的接触 ,强氧化离子水可逐渐还原成普通水 ,没有任何残留 ,排放后对环境无污染。此外 ,还具有成本低廉 ,来源方便的优点。本研究目的是对强氧化离子水的杀菌作用进行临床试验 ,检验强氧化离子水对牙科器械和机头的消毒作用 ,尤其是对涡轮内部的消毒作用 ,并与目前国内常用的消毒剂进行对比。一…     

妊娠性牙龈炎的治疗观察

妊娠性牙龈炎的发病率达３０％－１００％。孕妇由于身心发生变化及对胎儿重要性的考虑，常常忽略对口腔卫生的关注，一旦发病又拒绝治疗。同时，医生对药物安全性的考虑，单纯应用漱口水，洁牙治疗，但效果并不理想。本文采用初诊清除牙石、菌斑，康齿宁乳膏每天饭后刷牙...     

西吡氯铵含漱液对单纯性牙龈炎患者口腔细菌的抑制作用

目的 :观察 1mL/L西吡氯铵含漱液对单纯性牙龈炎患者牙菌斑和唾液中细菌的抑制作用。方法 :纳入单纯性牙龈炎患者 48例 ,用随机双盲法分为 2组 ,分别给予 1mL/L西吡氯铵含漱液或爱诺天健含漱液 (主要成分也是 1mL/L西吡氯铵 )。患者使用含漱液漱口 ,每天 5次 ,晨起、睡前、饭后各 1次 ,每次含 15mL ,持续漱口 6 0s,7d为一疗程。就诊当天和第 8天测定患者牙菌斑和唾液中 11种常见细菌的菌株数和细菌的数量。结果 :实验组和对照组各 2 4例 ,年龄、性别、吸烟史分布无组间差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,首次检查牙菌斑、唾液中常见细菌检出率和平均检出量组间比较 ,无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。终点检查牙菌斑、唾液中细菌总量在治疗组与对照组比首次检查 ,均显著减少 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,组间比较细菌数量无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。治疗组与对照组细菌总量的减少主要是由可疑病原菌量减少所致。治疗前后白色念珠菌检出率和检出量无变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :1mL/L西吡氯铵含漱液可显著减少单纯性牙龈炎患者牙菌斑、唾液中细菌的种类和数量 ,不导致口腔菌群失调。     

西吡氯铵含漱液对牙龈炎菌斑形成的预防作用

目的 :目的 :观察 0 .1%西吡氯铵含漱液对单纯性牙龈炎患者牙菌斑形成的抑制作用。方法 :单纯性牙龈炎 48例 ,随机分为 2组 ,应用双盲法分别给予 0 .1%西吡氯铵含漱液 (实验组 )或爱诺天健含漱液 (对照组 )。(主要成分亦为 0 .1%西吡萌铵 )。每天 5次 ,晨起、睡前、饭后各一次 ,每次含 15ml,持续漱口 60s ,漱口后 1h内禁饮食 ,7d为一疗程。就诊当天 ( 1d)、4d、8d按照Quigley -Hein指数 (Turesky改良 )测定菌斑指数。第 1天行左侧半口上下颌牙齿洁治 ,第 8天行右侧半口上下颌牙齿洁治。结果 :实验组和对照组 ,每组各 2 4例 ,年龄、性别、吸烟史分布无组间差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,基线检查菌斑指数无组间差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;中期检查实验组和对照组菌斑指数显著低于基线值 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,菌斑指数差值组间比较无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;终点检查实验组和对照组菌斑指数显著低于中期检查值 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,菌斑指数差值组间比较无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。中期和终点检查左半口菌斑指数测量值与右半口测量值比较均显著减少 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :0 .1%西吡氯铵含漱液可预防单纯性牙龈炎患者牙菌斑的形成。     

Effect of Listerine® on dental plaque and gingivitis

abstract — The present study was performed in 10 adults in order to evaluate the effect of an antiseptic mouthrinse (Listerine®) on the rate of dental plaque formation and gingivitis development during a 2-week period when all efforts towards active mechanical oral hygiene were withdrawn. The study was performed as a crossover study and was carried out during four consecutive 2-week periods. During the first and third periods (preparatory periods) the participants were subjected to repeated professional tooth cleanings in order to establish plaque- and gingivitis-free dentitions. During the second and fourth periods (test and control periods) the participants were not allowed to brush their teeth but rinsed their mouths three times a day with Listerine or a placebo mouthwash. Plaque Index, Gingival Index, gingival fluid flow, and crevicular leukocytes were assessed on d 0, 2, 4, 7, and 14. On d 7 and 14, dental plaque was removed from the right and left jaws respectively and the wet weights determined. The chemotactic activity elaborated by the plaques was studied in Boyden chambers. During the Listerine test period, significantly lower Plaque and Gingival Index values were scored and lower amounts of plaque could be sampled in comparison to the control period.     

Clinical evaluation of the effect of a proteolytic enzyme mouthwash on plaque and gingivitis in young adults

ABSTRACT One hundred and thirty-one young adults were used in a controlled study to determine whether a proteolytic mouthwash produced from B. subtilis could help remove existing plaque, decrease the rate of plaque accumulation or reduce the clinical signs of gingivitis. These subjects were stratified by means of the Gingival Index and the Shaver-Schiff Plaque Index into severe or mild groups. These groups were further divided in a random fashion into treatment and placebo groups. The treatment group rinsed with a proteolytic mouthwash consisting mainly of neutral and alkaline proteases and amylase. A placebo mouthwash was used by the control group. The results of this investigation indicate that there is no statistically significant reduction either in existing plaque or in the rate of plaque accumulation when this proteolytic enzyme mouthwash is used. Furthermore, in the treatment group the degree of gingivitis as measured by the GI was not reduced.     

Plaque and gingivitis among Norwegian children participating ina dental health program

ABSTRACT – The prevalence of dental plaque, gingivitis, and of supra- as well as subgingival retentions was assessed in 154 Children 11–13 years old. Only the first molars the incisors were examined. In each child 48 scorings were carried out by the Plaque Index. the Gingival Index, and the Retention Index. Plaque Index scores of 0 and 2 amounted to 16± 13% and 19±14, respectively. The Gingival Index score 0 was only 0.6±2%, and score 2 amounted to 22±12%, i.c., 99% of the observations indicated gingivitis, Moderate gingivitis, i.c. score 2, was most frequent in the interproximal areas, and lingually at the mandibular molars, Sex differences in amount of plaque as well as in prevalence of gingivitis were negligible.     

Effect of fluoride on gingivitis and dental caries in a preventive program based on plaque control

ABSTRACT The purpose of the investigation was to estimate the relative effect of fluoride on caries in a preventive program based on meticulous plaque control. The material consisted of 82 children; 41 in the test and 41 in the control group. At the start of the study the children were 13–14 years of age. In August 1973 an examination was performed to obtain baseline data for the trial. Prophylactic treatment was given to the children once every second week. A total of 18 treatments were given during a 10-month period. In the control group an abrasive paste was used containing 5 % sodium monofluorophosphate (Jodka Fluor Polerpasta®). In the test group an abrasive paste was used which was identical with the control paste except that it did not contain any fluoride components. Twelve months after the baseline examination the test and control groups were reexamined. The trial demonstrated that, in children, fortnightly professional cleaning of the teeth combined with meticulous toothbrushing instructions result in (1) a high standard of oral hygiene and (2) only very few new carious surfaces. Though the control group children received fortnightly topical application of F^? during the prophylactic sessions and used a fluoridated dentifrice, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding number of new carious tooth surfaces per child per year.     

Effect of cigarette smoking on the transition dynamics in experimental gingivitis

This paper reports the findings of an experimental gingivitis study conducted in smokers and non-smokers. 33 volunteers were examined and underwent prophylaxis during a period of 4 weeks. 28 subjects who showed a plaque index less than 0.20 on all prophylaxis occasions were permitted to continue in the study. Subjects then had their gingival status recorded, had their teeth polished and were requested to abstain from all oral hygiene measures for the following 21 days. After 5 days, 10 days and 21 days, plaque and gingival status were recorded using the criteria of the plaque index and gingival index. After the examination on day 21, the teeth were polished and oral hygiene was re-instituted. Following 2 weeks of supervised oral hygiene, recordings of plaque and gingival status were performed. At the initial examination, there was no difference between the clinical assessment of plaque and gingival status in smokers and non-smokers. Similar amounts of plaque accumulated in the 2 groups during the period of no oral hygiene, but smokers exhibited less gingival inflammation assessed clinically than non-smokers. This difference occurred as a result of an apparently lowered incidence rate and a markedly higher recovery rate in smokers compared to non-smokers. These findings may indicate that smokers for reasons yet unknown have a reduced capacity to mount and maintain an effective defense reaction to a given plaque challenge.     

The role of keratinized gingiva in plaque-associated gingivitis in dogs

Abstract The present experiment was designed to examine if a dento-gingival unit with a wide zone of keratinized gingiva (KG) provides a more efficient seal against plaque infection than a unit with a narrow zone of KG or lack of such gingiva. Five beagle dogs were used. In a preparatory experiment three categories of gingival units were established in each dog, namely (1) regenerated gingiva with a wide zone of KG (healed following a “flap” procedure), (2) regenerated gingiva with an “insufficiently” wide zone of KG (healed following a “gingivectomy” procedure), and (3) non-operated control gingiva with a normal zone of KG. Clinical and histological examinations carried out at the end of the preparatory period revealed that all gingival units, non-operated as well as regenerated units, met the criteria of health. All tooth-cleaning measures were abolished. After 40 days of plaque accumulation the clinical examination (Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Gingival Exudate) was repeated and biopsies were sampled. Following preparation the biopsy material was subjected to histometric and morphometric analysis. The results showed that the free gingiva of units with wide and narrow zones of KG responded to microbial colonization by an inflammatory reaction, the location and extension of which did not vary with the width of the keratinized gingiva. It was concluded that, in the presence of plaque, a dento-gingival unit with a narrow zone of, or with lack of, gingiva has an equal capacity for inflammatory response against plaque infection as a unit with a wide zone of KG.     

The effect of delmopinol rinsing on dental plaque formation and gingivitis healing

The aim of this study was to investigate a possible dose-response effect of delmopinol hydrochloride, on the development of plaque and on the healing of gingivitis. 64 healthy male volunteers, aged 18-40 years with healthy gingivae and clean teeth, participated. During a 2-week period, the participants refrained from all oral hygiene and rinsed 2x daily with a placebo solution. On day 14 of the study, they received professional toothcleaning, and were randomly assigned to 4 groups. For the following 2 weeks, they rinsed 2x daily for 1 min with 10 ml of 0.05% (15 subjects), 0.1% (17) or 0.2% (16) delmopinol, respectively. 16 subjects rinsed with 0.2% chlorhexidine. No oral hygiene procedures were performed during the test period. On days 0, 14 and 28, gingival bleeding index and the presence of stainable plaque were determined. Periodic identical photographs were used for planimetric determination of buccal plaque extension. No significant difference for the reduction in gingival bleeding index was found between 0.2% delmopinol and chlorhexidine rinsing. The mean plaque index showed its most significant reduction on lingual surfaces of both upper and lower jaws when rinsing with 0.2% delmopinol. Mean plaque extension was reduced by 23% for 0.05%, 39% for 0.1% and 55% for 0.2% delmopinol. A significant dose-response effect for 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% delmopinol was found for gingival bleeding index, plaque index and plaque extension. The results show that delmopinol favors the healing of gingivitis and reduces plaque formation.     

Vascular reaction in plaque-induced gingivitis: A quantitative approach

The clinical diagnostic features of gingivitis such as redness, swelling and bleeding are based on vascular changes. It would be desirable to directly make use of the vascular changes in the clinical evaluation of gingival inflammation. In the present study, capillary microscopy was used for quantitative evaluation of the vascular reaction of the marginal gingiva in response to experimental plaque formation in 6 healthy students. Low power stereomicroscopy was used and the number of vessel endings was evaluated from stereophotographs. A gradual increase in the number of visible vessel endings was observed over time of plaque accumulation. The mean +/- SEM at baseline was 24.0 +/- 6.30 as compared to 77.0 +/- 10.02 at day 28. After removal of plaque and re-institution of oral hygiene measures, a return toward pre-experimental numbers was observed. Throughout the test the number of vessel endings within the proximal-papillary part of the marginal gingiva was less than that within the basal-labial part. The results indicate that low power stereophotomicroscopy is a useful tool for the clinical study of inflammatory changes in the gingival vasculature.     

Effect of oral hygiene instruction and professional toothcleaning on caries and gingivitis in schoolchildren

Abstract The present study was performed lo assess the effect on caries and gingivitis of plaque control measures such as oral hygiene instruction, toothcleaning practice and professional toothcleaning. 104 children, 13-14 years old, participated in the trial. Prior to the start of the preventive treatment all children were examined regarding oral hygiene, gingivitis and caries. The caries examination was limited to the proximal surfaces of molars and premolars. Following this baseline examination the children were randomly divided into two treatment groups, A and B. Both groups of children were recalled for professional toothcleaning once every 2 weeks during an 18-month period. In each child the professional toothcleaning was restricted to either the right or the left jaws by random selection. In addition, the children of Group A at each recall appointment received careful oral hygiene instruction and practice in proper toothcleaning methods. In conjunction with the professional toothcleaning an abrasive paste was used including fluoride. The children were re-examined 18 months after the baseline examination. The result of the present investigation demonstrated that professional toothcleaning repeated every second week is a prophylactic measure which in children substantially improves the oral hygiene status, and effectively reduces clinical signs of gingivitis and caries. It was also observed that while oral hygiene instruction and practice in proper toothcleaning techniques reduced plaque and gingivitis, no such effect could be detected regarding the development of caries.