UV致弱尾蚴免疫对小鼠血吸虫再感染的保护力观察

目的观察致弱日本血吸虫尾蚴免疫小鼠再次感染血吸虫后的减虫率、减卵率及肝脏病理损伤,为血吸虫疫苗的研制奠定基础。方法分别以400μw／cm^2×60s和422μw／cm^2×40s两种不同UV强度及时间照射的日本血吸虫尾蚴免疫C57BL／6和DBA小鼠,观察免疫小鼠对再次血吸虫感染的减虫率、肝脏减卵率及肝脏病理改变。结果400μw／cm^2×60s（A）和422μw／cm^2UV×40s（B）照射的日本血吸虫尾蚴免疫组C57BL／6小鼠再次感染血吸虫后的减虫率分别为一0．60％和0．02％,肝脏肝脏减卵率分别为2．70％和11．37％;DBA小鼠再次感染血吸虫后的减虫率分别为29．10％和25．70％,肝脏肝脏减卵率分别为59．50％和69．50％。422μw／cm^2UV×40S辐照尾蚴免疫C57BL／6小鼠,再次感染血吸虫形成的肝脏单个虫卵肉芽肿面积与对照组比较显著减小（P〈0．01）;400μw／cm^2UV×60s和422μw／cm^2UV×40S辐照尾蚴免疫DBA小鼠再次感染血吸虫造成的肝脏单个虫卵肉芽肿面积与对照组比较显著减小（P〈0．01）。结论UV致弱尾蚴免疫对C57BL／6、DBA小鼠再次感染血吸虫的保护作用较小,但能降低肝脏卵荷并减轻肝脏的病理损伤。     

紫外线致弱日本血吸虫尾蚴诱导BALB／c小鼠免疫保护作用研究

目的观察紫外线（UV）致弱日本血吸虫尾蚴免疫BALB／c小鼠免疫保护作用。方法辐照致弱日本血吸虫尾蚴,经腹部皮肤用UV致弱日本血吸虫尾蚴免疫诱导BALB／c小鼠,3周后进行攻击感染,同时设正常感染对照组。攻击感染6周后解剖小鼠,计算减虫率、减卵率,并观察虫体发育情况和肝组织细胞免疫应答情况。结果免疫组的减虫率和减卵率分别为37．90％和51．16％;免疫组小鼠体内虫体发育明显滞后于正常感染对照组内虫体;免疫组小鼠肝脏虫卵肉芽肿较正常组明显减少。结论UV致弱日本血吸虫尾蚴免疫BALB／c小鼠能诱导较好的免疫保护力。     

紫外线辐照致弱日本血吸虫尾蚴诱导C57BL/6 小鼠皮肤早期免疫应答动态变化的研究

目的观察紫外线辐照致弱日本血吸虫尾蚴经耳廓免疫C57BL/6小鼠后,小鼠皮肤组织早期免疫应答的动态变化.方法 98只小鼠测定双侧耳廓厚度后,14只作为0 d组不感染/免疫,其余平均分为2组.一组经双侧耳廓分别感染正常尾蚴150 条/耳, 另一组经双侧耳廓分别免疫紫外线辐照致弱尾蚴150条/耳.感染/免疫后第1、2、4、7、14、21天分别剖杀2组小鼠各7只,测定耳廓厚度.取感染处的耳廓组织,左侧进行培养,收集上清检测相应细胞因子.右侧纵切为二,一半进行HE染色观察炎症反应;另一半应用免疫组化技术观察皮肤组织中IL-12和CD11c分子的表达.结果正常尾蚴感染的小鼠皮肤炎症反应在第7天达到高峰后逐渐下降,第21天基本恢复;而辐照尾蚴免疫小鼠耳廓皮肤在第14天炎症反应才达高峰,第21天反应仍然十分强烈.尾蚴穿皮后第4天,组织中有较高水平的CD11c及IL-12分子表达.皮片培养细胞因子定量检测也显示：与Th1细胞应答相关的IL-12、IFN-γ及Th2型因子IL-10早期在正常、辐照尾蚴差异无显著性.结论和正常尾蚴相比,辐照致弱尾蚴诱导的皮肤免疫应答持续时间长、强度高,但两者诱导Th细胞向不同方向极化并不发生于免疫应答启动阶段.     

日本血吸虫紫外线致弱尾蚴免疫鼠诱导的抗病免疫效应

目的观察日本血吸虫紫外线致弱尾蚴（UVC）疫苗免疫小鼠诱导的抗肝虫卵肉芽肿及纤维化效应。方法将60只C57BL／6小鼠随机分为UVC疫苗免疫组和感染对照组。疫苗免疫组小鼠经皮肤接种UVC后5周,每鼠攻击感染（30±2）条正常日本血吸虫尾蚴;感染对照组经皮肤感染同量尾蚴。于攻击感染后7周解剖小鼠;取肝左叶制备连续石蜡切片,测定肝脏单卯肉芽肿大小;用ELISA法检测血清透明质酸（HA）及层黏连蛋白（LN）含量,PCR—ELISA法检测肝组织TGF—β1mRNA的表达水平。结果UVC疫苗免疫组小鼠肝组织单卵肉芽肿直径为（176．25±38．67）μm,显著小于感染对照组的（304．38±53．23）μm（P〈0．01）,与感染对照组相比,UVC疫苗免疫组小鼠肝虫卵肉芽肿直径减小了42．10％。UVC疫苗组小鼠血清中HA、LN含量均显著低于感染对照组,肝纤维化程度明显减轻。结论UVC疫苗免疫小鼠诱导的抗肝虫卵肉芽肿及其纤维化效应同疫苗免疫诱导的细胞免疫应答的增强及高水平的IFN-γ以及肝TGF—β1mRNA表达水平的降低密切相关。     

辐照致弱血吸虫尾蚴在小动物中诱导的保护力及其影响因素

动物免疫/攻击感染实验显示,辐照致弱尾蚴在多种动物模型能诱导出高水平保护力.与辐照致弱曼氏血吸虫(Schistosoma mansoni,S.m)尾蚴诱导产生稳定高保护力相比,辐照致弱日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum,S.j)尾蚴在小动物(特别是小鼠)中诱导产生的保护力常不稳定,可能与尾蚴的生物学特性、免疫程序、实验条件以及所采用的动物品系等因素有关,目前尚缺乏公认的能对其产生稳定高保护力的小鼠品系.该文就辐照致弱尾蚴在小动物尤其是小鼠诱导产生的抗感染保护力,特别是其影响因素作一综述,为构建S.j辐照致弱尾蚴的高保护力动物模型提供参考.     

血吸虫辐照致弱尾蚴诱导皮肤期免疫应答特征的研究进展

对血吸虫辐照致弱疫苗的探索已开展多年。大量实验结果表明,致弱尾蚴疫苗在多种动物模型均能诱导高保护力,而皮肤是血吸虫入侵哺乳动物宿主的第一道屏障,在早期免疫应答中起重要作用。该文就血吸虫辐照致弱疫苗皮肤期的免疫应答特征作一综述。     

致弱尾蚴感染血清对日本血吸虫尾蚴和成虫抗原免疫识别初步研究

<正> 众所周知,血吸虫减毒尾蚴可诱导宿主产生较高免疫保护力,但是,刺激宿主免疫系统的究竟是哪些目标抗原,目前仍未定论。血清被动转移实验证明减毒尾坳多次免疫后血清可诱导宿主产生针对幼虫期的免疫保护,因此我们用多次免疫兔血清初步筛选日本血吸虫可溶性尾蚴中的保护性抗原,以期为血吸虫疫苗的研制提供一些新的线索。     

日本血吸虫97kDa DNA疫苗与致弱尾蚴疫苗诱导免疫应答特征的比较研究

目的　对比观察日本血吸虫大陆株副肌球蛋白基因疫苗(Sjc97DNA)与紫外线致弱尾蚴(UVC)疫苗免疫C57BL6小鼠诱导的抗感染保护力及免疫应答特征。　方法　以Sjc97DNA核酸疫苗经后腿胫前肌免疫C57BL6小鼠共2次,每次间隔3wk,末次免疫后3wk攻击感染日本血吸虫尾蚴;UVC疫苗接种同种小鼠后5wk攻击感染上述等量尾蚴。均于攻击感染后7wk计数虫负荷及肝卵负荷。并设空质粒对照及感染对照组。用ELISA分析免疫鼠攻击感染前后血清特异性IgG、IgA及亚型抗体水平,以及脾淋巴细胞体外诱生的细胞因子水平。　结果　Sjc97DNA疫苗及UVC疫苗免疫小鼠均诱生出以Th1型免疫应答为主的IL2、IFNγ及特异性抗AWA、SEAIgG2a、IgG2b亚型及IgA抗体,UVC疫苗组小鼠各细胞因子及抗体水平均显著高于Sjc97DNA疫苗组,但两疫苗组均未测及IL4。攻击感染后,Sjc97DNA疫苗组的减虫率36.3%、减卵率42.4%,明显低于UVC疫苗组的66.9%和75.6%。攻击感染后7wk,两疫苗组小鼠Th2型免疫应答虽有所增强,但仍以Th1型免疫应答占优势;而空质粒对照组和感染对照组小鼠则以Th2型免疫应答为主。　结论　核酸疫苗与紫外线致弱尾蚴疫苗均能诱导产生抗感染免疫保护力,致弱尾蚴疫苗的免疫保护力高于Sjc97DNA。两疫苗诱导的抗感染     

致弱日本血吸虫尾蚴诱导BALB/c小鼠早期免疫应答动态变化研究

目的比较辐照致弱日本血吸虫尾蚴免疫小鼠与正常感染小鼠早期免疫活化程度及其动态变化差异。方法采用流式细胞术（FCM）和免疫组织化学（IHC）方法比较辐照致弱尾蚴免疫小鼠与正常感染小鼠早期脾组织和/或肺组织中树突状细胞（DC）表面分子CD11c、T细胞表面分子CD25表达差异及脾细胞和外周血中CD3＋CD25＋/CD3＋T细胞比例,分析T细胞免疫活化程度及其动态变化。结果在感染后7d,脾细胞中的CD3＋CD25＋/CD3＋T细胞比例致弱尾蚴免疫组为（19.52±3.65）%,明显低于正常感染组的（22.12±3.24）%;而在第14、21天,致弱尾蚴免疫组这一比例分别为（28.73±3.94）%和（26.43±0.40）%,均高于正常感染组的（13.68±3.64）%和（14.42±2.24）%。在攻击感染后7、14、21d,致弱尾蚴免疫组与正常感染组小鼠在肺组织中的CD11c＋DC表达率分别为（1.05±0.16）%和（0.96±0.15）%、（1.34±0.15）%和（1.09±0.17）%、（1.49±0.14）%和（0.97±0.16）%,脾组织中CD11c＋DC表达率分别为（2.05±0.26）%和（1.95±0.18）%、（2.24±0.25）%和（2.17±0.25）%、（2.18±0.26）%和（2.06±0.18）%。在攻击感染后7、14、21d,致弱尾蚴免疫组与正常感染组小鼠在肺组织中CD25＋T细胞表达率分别为（1.24±0.13）%和（1.17±0.16）%、（1.48±0.11）%和（1.25±0.13）%、（1.55±0.14）%和（0.97±0.12）%,脾组织中CD25＋T细胞表达率分别为（3.25±0.22）%和（2.93±0.20）%、（4.57±0.23）%和（3.69±0.24）%、（4.28±0.24）%和（3.86±0.26）%,紫外线辐照致弱尾蚴免疫小鼠较正常感染小鼠在攻击感染后第7、14、21天能在肺组织募集更多的CD11c＋DC并激活更多的CD25＋T细胞。结论致弱日本血吸虫尾蚴免疫小鼠在攻击感染后14、21d,小鼠体内T细胞激活程度和肺部DC活化程度均高于正常感染组,提示致弱尾蚴在肺部可募集更多抗原递呈细胞并使之活化。     

紫外线致弱尾蚴免疫猪血清筛选日本血吸虫成虫cDNA文库

目的 寻找紫外线致弱日本血吸虫尾蚴中起免疫保护作用的候选抗原分子,为血吸虫疫苗研究提供新的候选靶位抗原.方法用紫外线照射致弱尾蚴免疫猪血清筛选日本血吸虫成虫cDNA文库,测定用于筛选的cDNA文库滴度,选用最佳滴度的cDNA文库用于筛库.结果测得最佳cDNA文库的滴度为1.89×109 ρfu/mL,经3轮筛选,致弱尾蚴组分别获得20个、10个阳性克隆,经3轮筛选获7个阳性克隆;对照尾蚴组获15个和9个阳性克隆,经3轮筛选获3个阳性克隆;无尾蚴感染组未获阳性克隆.结论获得的阳性克隆可能为寻找编码抗日本血吸虫感染的抗原基因提供了材料与方向.     

Evidence of immune system melatonin production by two pineal melatonin deficient mice, C57BL/6 and Swiss strains

Abstract:  We evaluated two pineal melatonin deficient mice described in the literature, i.e., C57BL/6 and Swiss mice, as animal models for studying the immunomodulatory action of melatonin. Plasma melatonin levels in C57BL/6 and Swiss strains were detectable, but lower than levels in control C3H/HENHSD mice. Since these strains are suppose to be pineal melatonin deficient an extrapineal melatonin synthesis may contribute to plasma levels. Regarding cells and tissues from the immune system, all of them were found to synthesize melatonin although at low levels. N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) mRNA was also amplified in order to analyze the alternative splicing between exons 3–4 described for pineal C57BL/6 mice which generates an inclusion of a pseudoexon of 102 bp. For the pineal gland, both the wild type and the mutant isoforms were present in all mice strains although in different proportions. We observed a predominant wild type AANAT mature RNA in thymus, spleen and bone marrow cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) culture shown an evident AANAT amplification in all strains studied. Although the bands detected were less intense in melatonin deficient mice, the amplification almost reached the control cell intensity after stimulation with phytohemaglutinin (PHA). In summary, melatonin detection and AANAT mRNA expression in inbred and outbred mice clearly indicate that different cells and tissues from the immune system are able to synthesize melatonin. Thus, the pineal defect seems not to be generalized to all tissues, suggesting that other cells may compensate the low pineal melatonin production contributing to the measurable plasma melatonin level.     

旋毛虫抗C57BL/6小鼠体内Hepa1-6肝癌细胞作用的研究

目的观察旋毛虫对C57BL/6小鼠体内Hepa1-6肝癌细胞生长的抑制作用。方法将C57BL/6小鼠随机分成8组,每组10只。第1和5、2和6、3和7组分别感染未处理旋毛虫、^60Co处理和紫外线处理旋毛虫,4和8组为不感染旋毛虫对照组,1～4组和5～8组分别于接种旋毛虫前7 d和接种后11 d接种Hepa1-6肝癌细胞。荷瘤后25 d后处死小鼠,测量肿瘤体积、重量及脾脏CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋淋巴细胞数量。结果未处理旋毛虫组、^60Co处理组和紫外线处理组小鼠肿瘤体积和重量均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;脾脏CD3^＋、CD4^＋百分率和CD4^＋/CD8^＋、CD4^＋/CD3^＋的比值显著高于对照组（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。结论未处理的旋毛虫、经^60Co和紫外线处理的旋毛虫对C57BL/6小鼠体的Hepa1-6肝癌细胞的生长均有抑制作用,未处理旋毛虫的抑瘤效果最好。     

AMPK基因在C57BL／6J小鼠糖脂代谢中的作用

目的研究腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）基因在C57BL／6J小鼠糖脂代谢中的作用。方法分别取5周龄AMPK基因敲除（AMPK-KO）小鼠和C57BL／6J对照小鼠各24只,分为正常饲料（ND）喂养和高脂高糖饲料（HFD）喂养两组。喂养12周,每两周测定小鼠禁食4h血糖（FBG）,实验结束前行口服糖耐量实验（OGTT）,解剖取样,检测血生化指标、脂酶活性及相关蛋白的表达。结果AMPK-KO小鼠血糖、TC、LDL-C、HbA1c、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（G6PD）活性、糖原合成酶激酶（GSK）活性、肝脏PPAR7蛋白表达量明显高于对照小鼠（P〈0．05）;其胰岛素含量、肝糖原含量、肌糖原含量、肝脂酶（HL）活性、脂蛋白酯酶（LPL）活性、总脂酶活性、葡萄糖激酶（GK）活性、肝组织P-AMPK蛋白、葡萄糖转运蛋白4（GluT-4）蛋白的表达量低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论AMPK基因通过调节C57BL／6J小鼠糖脂代谢,在T2DM的发病中起重要作用。     

Experimental scoliosis in melatonin-deficient C57BL/6J mice without pinealectomy

The etiology of idiopathic scoliosis is unknown. Scoliosis with many characteristics closely resembling those seen in idiopathic scoliosis has been produced in young chickens and bipedal rats after pinealectomy. In this study, we induced experimental scoliosis in C57BL/6J mice without pinealectomy and melatonin treatment suppressed the development of scoliosis. A total of 100 mice were divided into four groups: 20 quadrupedal mice served as controls; 30 mice underwent resection of two forelegs and tail at 3 wk of age (bipedal mice); the remaining 20 quadrupedal and 30 bipedal mice received intraperitoneal melatonin (8 mg/kg BW) at 19:00 hr daily. Before killing, blood samples were collected in the middle of dark cycle and melatonin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Spine X-ray and helical 3D-CT were examined after killing at 5 months of age. The bipedal mice without a tail were able to walk with standing posture, whereas the quadrupedal mice did not walk with standing posture. In C57BL/6J mice, the serum melatonin was reduced to nearly zero; however, the normal level was restored in both bipedal and quadrupedal mice after the injection of melatonin. Scoliosis with rib humps developed in 29 of 30 bipedal and in five quadrupedal mice. None of mice with melatonin treatment developed scoliosis. The results suggest that melatonin deficiency in bipedal mice appears to play crucial role for development of scoliosis. Also the restoration of melatonin levels prevents the development of scoliosis.     

链脲菌素剂量对C57BL/6J小鼠糖尿病诱导效应的影响

目的 观察不同剂量链脲菌素(STZ)对C57BL/6J小鼠糖尿病诱导效应的影响,探讨其量效关系及最佳剂量范围.方法 将C57BL/6J小鼠按数字随机法分为9个STZ剂量组(A～I组,STZ分别为30、60、80、100、120、150、180、210、240 ms/kg体重),每组15只,腹腔注射;1个对照组,10只,腹腔注射等体积缓冲液.观察各组血糖、体重、血胰岛素和45 d生存率的变化,分析其与STZ剂量的关系.同时取A、C、G及对照组小鼠胰腺、肾脏组织做病理学检杏,并行免疫组化观察胰腺胰岛素及肾脏CD<,68>的表达.结果 C～G组较对照组血糖增高、体重及血胰岛素含量较对照组下降非常显著(P<0.05),且STZ剂量与血糖呈正相关(r=0.984,P<0.05),与血胰岛素含量呈负相关(r=-0.994,P<0.05).C～G组成模率达86.7%～100%,显著高于A、B组的0和40%(P<0.05);45 d生存率为46.7%～73.3%,显著高于H、I组的13.3%和0(P<0.05).A组胰腺、肾脏组织未见明显破坏;C组及G组出现典型的胰岛萎缩变形,胰岛素分泌颗粒减少,肾小球系膜外基质沉着及球周臣噬细胞浸润.结论 C57BL/6J小鼠腹腔注射STZ以80～180 mg/kg体重的剂量制模率高、生存率高,且靶器官损伤典型;该剂量与血糖呈正相关,与血胰岛素含量呈负相关.     

Neutropenia augments experimentally induced Schistosoma japonicum egg granuloma formation in CBA mice,but not in C57BL/6 mice

The present study was designed to investigate the role of neutrophils during the development of Schistosoma japonicum egg granulomas, in C57BL/6 and CBA mice. Laid eggs were implanted into the liver and monoclonal antibody, RB6-8C5, was used to eliminate neutrophils. After daily antibody treatment between days 9 and 13 of egg implantation, both strains of mice showed a marked decrease in neutrophil infiltration and coagulative hepatocyte necrosis at 2 weeks. At 4 weeks, after antibody administration every other day between days 16 and 26, granuloma formation in C57BL/6 mice was not affected by the treatment, whereas CBA mice exhibited a significant increase of reactions. Neutropenia augmented the Th2 cytokine response (IL-4, IL-13 and IL-5), but not for IFN-gamma at any time point examined and in either strain of mice. Higher levels of IL-4 and IL-13 were noted in CBA mice at early and late stages of granuloma formation, compared to C57BL/6 mice. There was also a striking difference in IL-13 production between the two strains. Our results indicate that neutropenia is associated with a significant augmentation of S. japonicum egg-induced granuloma formation in CBA mice, probably through increase in Th2 cytokines, however, the effects differ between early and late stages and between high and low responders.     

Naltrexone effects on ethanol reward and discrimination in C57BL/6 mice

The effects of the opioid antagonist, naltrexone, on operant responding for oral ethanol reward delivered on a fixed-ratio schedule, and on the discriminative stimulus properties of intraperitoneally injected ethanol, was examined in two separate experiments. The ages, food/water motivational conditions, and naltrexone doses for the two experiments were similar to allow a direct comparison of naltrexone effects on the two measures. Male food-deprived C57BL/6 mice responded for ethanol during either preprandial (low thirst, high hunger motivation) or postprandial (high thirst, low hunger motivation tests). The reinforcing value of ethanol relative to water was greater during the preprandial tests; however, the amounts of ethanol consumed was greater during the postprandial tests, with some mice becoming unconscious during the 15-min test session. Naltrexone produced dose-responsive reductions in responding for ethanol under either testing condition. During postprandial tests, naltrexone reduced responding for ethanol reward at a dose (1.25 mg/kg) that had little effect on responding for water reward, suggesting some selectivity for ethanol reward. In addition, doses of naltrexone that reduced responding for ethanol rewards did not alter the discrimination of ethanol (g/kg) in an operant discrimination task, but did reduce the total number of responses made during these tests. Thus, under similar motivational and dosing conditions, the opiate antagonist attenuated the reinforcing, but not the discriminative properties of ethanol, suggesting that the latter is mediated by either different or additional neural mechanisms in C57BL/6 mice.