Concentration level of latamoxef sodium (LMOX) in prostatic tissue

The concentration of latamoxef sodium (LMOX) in serum and prostatic tissue was evaluated. Thirty seven patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy were given 1 g LMOX intravenously prior to prostatectomy. Prostatic tissue and blood were sampled at 1, 2 or 3 hrs after administration of LMOX. The concentration of LMOX in prostatic tissue was 17.4 +/- 3.4 micrograms/g tissue, 11.1 +/- 1.3 microgram/g tissue and 8.9 +/- 1.3 microgram/g tissue 1, 2 and 3 hrs after injection, respectively (mean +/- S.E.). The penetration ratio of LMOX (concentration in tissue/in serum) to prostate was 30-45%. Therefore, the 80% MIC of LMOX is lower than 8 micrograms/ml for most gram negative bacteria, the results suggest that LMOX is very effective against prostatitis caused by these organisms.     

A study of prostatic tissue levels of latamoxef, cefoperazone and cefotaxime

Although Cephem antibiotics are transferred to the prostatic fluid in relatively low levels, they are clinically effective for bacterial prostatitis. In the present study, the prostatic tissue concentration of Latamoxef (LMOX), Cefoperazone (CPZ) and Cefotaxime (CTX) were determined, and their penetration rates into the prostatic tissue were analyzed. Before the transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P), 2 g of LMOX (21 patients), 1 g of CPZ (15 patients) and 2 g of CTX (14 patients) were intravenously administered in a total of 50 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy at our two Hospitals. The prostatic tissue was taken by TUR-P at 30 minutes and 60 minutes after the injection. The serum concentration and the prostatic tissue concentration of the three antibiotics were determined by the bioassay method. Additionally their serum concentration and the prostatic tissue concentration in the six cases of CTX-injected patients were also determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The penetration rate into the prostatic tissue was obtained by the formula; the penetration rate = the prostatic tissue concentration/the serum concentration. The prostatic tissue concentrations determined by the bioassay method were, 36.9 +/- 10.6 micrograms/g at 30 minutes after the injection of 2 g of LMOX and 28.0 +/- 9.0 micrograms/g at 60 minutes, 31.0 +/- 8.3 micrograms/g at 30 minutes after the injection of 1 g of CPZ and 21.1 +/- 10.0 micrograms/g at 60 minutes, and 8.8 +/- 4.1 micrograms/g at 30 minutes after the injection of 2 g of CTX and 4.5 +/- 2.0 micrograms/g at 60 minutes (mean +/- S.D.). The penetration rates determined by the bioassay method were 36.2 +/- 10.9% at 30 minutes after the injection of LMOX and 34.8 +/- 15.3% at 60 minutes, 43.6 +/- 14.4% at 30 minutes after the injection of CPZ and 39.7 +/- 24.1% at 60 minutes, and 11.1 +/- 4.1% at 30 minutes after the injection of CTX and 9.6 +/- 3.8% at 60 minutes (mean +/- S.D.). The penetration rate of CPZ and LMOX were significantly higher than that of CTX (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01). In 6 of the 14 CTX-injected patients, the serum and prostatic tissue concentrations of CTX and its metabolite, desacetyl-CTX, were also determined by HPLC. The penetration rate of CTX into the prostatic tissue was obtained by the formula; the penetration rate of CTX = the prostatic tissue concentration (CTX + Desacetyl-CTX)/the serum concentration (CTX + Desacetyl-CTX).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Sympathetic contribution to bladder outlet obstructions: Quantitative analysis of tissue catecholamine content

The concentration of noradrenalin in bladder neck and prostate tissue was studied in normal subjects and in patients with bladder neck dysfunction and benign prostatic hypertrophy. The concentration in the bladder neck tissue was high in normal subjects (619.3 ng/g), moderate in patients with bladder neck dysfunction (360.7 ng/g), and low in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (75.4 ng/g). The values were statistically different from each other. The sympathetic innervation of the bladder neck is suggested to be diminished in the patients with bladder outlet obstructions compared to normal subjects.     

Clinical studies on Suncefal (cefpiramide) concentration in prostatic tissue and bladder wall

The cefpiramide (CPM) concentration in prostatic tissue of 19 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and bladder wall of 2 patients with bladder tumors was measured, after 2 g of CPM was administered intravenously by bolus technique prior to operation. Prostatic tissue level was 28.4 to 131 micrograms/g and tissue to serum ratio 0.15 to 0.63 at 12 min. to 220 min. after administration. The T1/2 of CPM in prostatic tissue was 3.29 hours. The bladder wall level was high at both determinations. CPM level in prostatic tissue and bladder wall covered the minimum inhibitory concentration of many bacteria detected from the infected sites. Therefore, CPM which has a strong antimicrobial activity can be considered as a highly useful antibiotic for the treatment of postoperative infections.     

Minocycline diffusion into prostatic tissue

We evaluated the concentration of minocycline in human prostatic tissue. Twenty-six patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate, two patients undergoing open prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia and two patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer were studied. Prostatic tissue and blood were sampled at 1, 2 or 3 hours after the intravenous administration of 200 mg of minocycline. The concentration of minocycline was 2.95 +/- 1.39 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD) in serum and 1.97 +/- 0.79 cg/g (mean +/- SD) in the prostatic tissue. The ratio of the prostatic concentration/serum concentration was 0.76 +/- 0.33 (mean +/- SD).     

Prostatic tissue levels of ceftizoxime

The concentration of Ceftizoxime (CZX) was determined in the prostatic tissue and serum of 130 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Two grams of CZX was given by intravenous injection prior to TUR. The mean value of CZX levels in prostatic tissue and prostatic level/serum levels ratio (p/s ratio) after administration were 47.2 +/- 2.8 micrograms/g, 49.1% at 30 minutes, 33.3 +/- 2.2 micrograms/g, 51.4% at one hour, 22.2 +/- 2.7 micrograms/g, 60.8% at 2 hours, 13.6 +/- 3.9 micrograms/g, 64.2% at 4 hours, 3.04 +/- 0.54 micrograms/g, 74.5% at 8 hours, respectively. In conclusion, the concentration of CZX in the prostatic tissues attained the minimal inhibitory concentration of 80% for the gram-negative bacteria, the excluding P. aeruginosa. Thus clinical effectiveness of CZX could be expected on bacterial prostatitis and bacterial infection after prostatic operations.     

Study of the prostatic tissue cefbuperazone (CBPZ) level

The concentration of Cefbuperazone (CBPZ) was determined in the prostatic tissue and serum of 23 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. One or 2 of CBPZ was injected intravenously prior to transurethral prostatectomy. The mean CBPZ level in prostatic tissue and tissue/serum ratio at 1 hour was 17.4 +/- 7.2 micrograms/g (28.9 +/- 9.1%) in 10 patients administered 1 g of CBPZ, and 34.7 +/- 1C.2 micrograms/g (35.7 +/- 13.2%) in 13 patients administered 2 g of CBPZ. Serum and prostatic tissue CBPZ levels responded satisfactorily to the dose of CBPZ. Weights of resected prostatic tissue were not correlated to the tissue CBPZ level. Judging from the inhibitory concentration of CBPZ (minimum inhibitory concentration 80), the prostatic tissue CBPZ level was sufficient against pathogenic bacteria, particularly E. coli, K. pneumoiae and P. mirabilis for a relatively long time. For this reason CBPZ is a very useful drug for treatment of bacterial prostatitis and postoperative infection of prostate.     

Diffusion of cefmenoxime and latamoxef into prostatic fluid in the patients with acute bacterial prostatitis.

Twenty-two patients with acute bacterial prostatitis were treated with cefmenoxime (CMX) or latamoxef (LMOX), which have susceptibilities against various gram-negative bacteria. First 11 patients received a 5- to 12-day course of cefmenoxime and the next 11 received a 6- to 13-day course of latamoxef. All patients were treated successfully except 1 patient with a drug allergy. Diffusion of CMX or LMOX into prostatic fluid in these patients and healthy controls were evaluated. The mean value of CMX in the expressed prostatic fluid was 12.8 micrograms/ml in the patients receiving 2 g of CMX intravenously and 0.7 micrograms/ml in the controls. The mean value of LMOX was 14.0 micrograms/ml in the patients receiving 2 g of LMOX intravenously and 1.2 micrograms/ml in the controls. The diffusion of CMX and LMOX into prostatic fluid in the patients with acute bacterial prostatitis was strikingly higher than that of controls.     

Transfer of ceftizoxime into serum and prostatic tissue

Serum and prostatic tissue levels of Ceftizoxime (CZX) were measured in 37 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy after intravenous infusion of 0.5 g or 1 g or 2 g of CZX. The prostatic tissue level of CZX was sufficient for the treatment of prostatic infection. Serum and prostatic tissue levels of CZX were maintained satisfactorily by the dose of CZX. Neither the weight of extracted prostatic tissue nor the renal function of the patient was correlated to the tissue level of CZX.     

Diffusion of ofloxacin (OFLX) into prostatic tissue in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy]

Diffusion of ofloxacin (OFLX) into prostatic tissue was studied in 31 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Concentrations of OFLX in the serum and prostatic tissue were measured at scheduled intervals after 200 mg OFLX oral administration. The mean OFLX level in prostatic tissue and tissue/serum ratio at 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours was 3.33 +/- 0.96 micrograms/g (1.25 +/- 0.28) in 10 patients, 2.21 +/- 0.55 micrograms/g (0.92 +/- 0.32) in 9 patients and 2.10 +/- 0.99 micrograms/g (1.01 +/- 0.23) in 12 patients, respectively. OFLX levels in prostatic tissue covered the minimum inhibitory concentration for several pathogenic bacteria detected from the infected prostatic fluid. Therefore, OFLX was thought to be a very useful drug for the treatment of bacterial prostatitis and postoperative infection of prostatic surgery.     

A study of cefoperazone prostatic tissue levels: difference between the gland and capsule

Prostatic tissue levels of Cefoperazone (CPZ) were determined in 34 patients with prostatic hypertrophy after the intravenous administration of 1 g of CPZ. Prostatic tissue levels of CPZ decreased slowly with time and the elimination half-life was 125 to 171 minutes. The CPZ concentration in the surgical capsule was higher than that in the gland. As compared with the minimal inhibitory concentrations of CPZ, the prostatic tissue levels were considered high enough for the treatment of post-prostatectomy and bacterial prostatitis. Neither the pathological type of prostatic hypertrophy, that of infiltrations, nor the weight of the removed tissue was correlated to the tissue levels of CPZ.     

Study on the prostatic tissue levels of cefmenoxime (CMX)

The concentrations of Cefmenoxime (CMX) were examined in the serum and prostatic tissue of 25 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and of 1 patient with prostatic carcinoma. The CMX levels were measured at scheduled intervals after 2 g CMX administration by one hour drip infusion prior to prostatectomy. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed based on the two compartment open model theory. 1) Maximum serum level of CMX was 124 micrograms/ml at the end of drip infusion and the biological half-life was 1.07 hrs. 2) CMX concentration in prostatic tissue reached a maximum level of 35.7 cg/g at 1.16 hrs after the start of CMX administration. Ratio of prostatic tissue to serum level in the area under curve (AUC) was 33% and biological half-life was 1.07 hrs. These results suggested that the CMX concentration in the prostatic tissue was higher than the MIC80 against pathogenic bacteria, particularly E.coli and Klebsiella sp. for a relatively long time. For this reason CMX is one of the more preferred drugs for treatment of chronic prostatitis and post-operative infection of prostate.     

A study of prostatic tissue levels of cefoperazone

Prostatic tissue levels of Cefoperazone (CPZ) were studied after the administration of 3 g of CPZ, in 16 patients with prostatic hypertrophy who underwent retropubic prostatectomy. The CPZ concentration in the surgical capsule at 60 min. after the administration of CPZ was about 2 times higher than that in the gland. As compared with the histological type of removed gland, the levels in the glandular hyperplasia were slightly higher than that in the fibromuscular and mixed type hyperplasia, but the difference was not statistically significant. CPZ was found to be effective for the treatment of post-operative and bacterial prostatitis, since the CPZ levels of prostatic tissue were considerably high and above the minimal inhibitory concentration level for most bacteria.     

Prostatic tissue and fluid levels of lomefloxacin (NY-198)

The concentration of Lomefloxacin (NY-198), a new quinolone, in human prostatic tissue and fluid was examined. Lomefloxacin was concentrated in prostatic gland and the mean ratios of prostatic tissue levels to serum levels (P/S) were 1.39-1.83 during 2 to 6 hrs after administration. Concerning prostatic fluid concentrations, there were no significant differences between healthy volunteers and patients with chronic prostatitis. The mean ratios of prostatic fluid levels to serum levels (Pf/S) were 0.36-0.77 during 1 to 4 hrs after administration. The concentration of Lomefloxacin in the prostatic tissue and fluid is high enough to eradicate the majority of pathogens causing bacterial prostatitis.     

Study on the concentration of cefminox sodium in serum and prostatic tissue]

The concentration of cefminox sodium (CMNX) in serum and prostatic tissue was determined in 25 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. One gram of CMNX was intravenously administered prior to transurethral prostatectomy. Blood and prostatic tissue were obtained 1 hour after the administration of CMNX. The concentration of CMNX was 69.17 +/- 17.47 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD) in serum and 5.33 +/- 2.33 micrograms/g (mean +/- SD) in the prostatic tissue. The ratio of the prostatic tissue concentration/serum concentration was 8.18 +/- 4.45% (mean +/- SD). There was no correlation between serum and prostatic tissue level of CMNX.     

Ectopic prostatic tissue in retrotrigone of the bladder: a case report

We herein report a case of ectopic prostatic tissue in the retrotrigone of the bladder. A 35-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of bladder tumor which was incidentally discovered on abdominal ultrasonography (US). US and computed tomography (CT) showed a tumor in the bladder wall 1.5 cm in diameter. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an invasive bladder tumor. Cystoscopy showed a non-papillary, wide-based tumor in the retrotrigone of the bladder. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor was carried out and pathological findings showed ectopic prostatic tissue. This is the 8th case of ectopic prostatic tissue in the Japanese literature.     

Doxycycline levels in prostatic tissue and blood.

Doxycycline was administered orally to 23 patients scheduled for prostatectomy or radical cystectomy. Blood and prostatic tissue samples were collected simultaneously during operation and subsequently assayed for doxycycline levels. The concentration of doxycycline in the prostatic tissue was on average 2.75 mug/g which is far above the therapeutic level. The lowest level recorded was 0.85 mug and the highest was 4.81 mug. The findings suggest a tendency for this antibiotic to accumulate in prostatic tissue. This is in agreement with the clinical observations of the good effect of doxycycline treatment in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis.     

Diffusion of sulbactam and cefoperazone into the prostatic tissue

Diffusion of sulperazone (SBT) and cefoperazone (CPZ) into the prostatic tissue was studied in 20 cases. Two g of SBT/CPZ was injected intravenously and 1 hour later, prostatic tissue was obtained surgically and venous blood was drawn simultaneously. The serum concentration of CPZ (58.0 micrograms/ml +9.2) was higher than that of SBT (25.9 micrograms/ml +/- 9.3) and the prostatic tissue concentration of CPZ (14.9 micrograms/ml +/- 6.1) was higher than that of SBT (10.9 micrograms +/- 6.1). However, the SBT concentration ratio of prostatic tissue to serum level (P/S ratio) was significantly higher (42.5%) than that of CPZ (25.9%). The SBT concentration in the prostatic tissue was high enough to enhance the antibacterial activity of CPZ. SBT/CPZ was appraised to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for infections of prostate caused by susceptible organisms, especially by beta-lactamase producing bacteria.     

Ectopic prostate tissue at the bladder dome

A 71-year-old white man with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria had a sessile tumor at the dome of the bladder containing benign prostatic glandular tissue. Benign prostatic polyps occur commonly in the prostatic urethra and bladder neck as vestigial remains of embryonic prostatic elements. Ectopic prostatic tissue elsewhere is rare and has not been described previously arising at the bladder dome. The origin of prostate glands in this unlikely location is unclear. The clinical course of ectopic prostatic polyps at any location is benign, although local recurrence has been reported.     

A study on enoxacin concentration in human prostatic tissue]

To examine the penetration of enoxacin into prostatic tissue of patients with benign prostatic hypertropHy, the serum concentration and prostatic tissue level of enoxacin were measured. Enoxacin was administered orally at a dose of 200 mg, three times 2 days and one day before and once on the day of the operation. Blood and prostatic tissue samples were taken during the operation. The mean concentration of enoxacin was 2.84 +/- 0.349 g/ml in serum and 4.60 +/- 0.631 micrograms/ml in the prostatic tissue.