2010年～2012年某区127株淋球菌抗生素敏感性的分析

目的了解江门地区2010年²012年淋球菌对抗生素的敏感性及变化趋势。方法采用琼脂稀释法测定6种抗生素对127株淋球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)及质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG),采用纸片酸度法检测菌株是否产β-内酰胺酶(PPNG)。结果淋球菌对大观霉素及头孢克肟的敏感率均为100%,头孢曲松为77.95%,环丙沙星敏感率最低,其耐药率高达92.13%;127株淋球菌中检出PPNG菌株48株(37.80%),TRNG菌株51株(40.16%)。结论淋球菌对青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星的耐药率较高,大观霉素及头孢克肟可作为治疗本地区淋病的首选药物。     

2006年陕西地区淋球菌对4种抗生素敏感性的检测结果分析

目的:了解陕西地区淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性及产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌(PPNG)的流行状况。方法:采用琼脂稀释法测定4种抗生素对102株淋球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);采用纸片酸度定量法测定PPNG菌株。结果:淋球菌对青霉素、环丙沙星、大观霉素及头孢曲松的耐药率分别为85.29%、94.12%、3.92%、0%。检出25株(24.51%)PPNG菌株。结论:头孢三嗪、大观霉素仍可作为陕西地区治疗淋病的首选用药,但淋球菌对青霉素及环丙沙星耐药率较高。     

2007年深圳地区淋球菌对4种抗生素敏感性的检测结果分析

目的了解深圳地区淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性及产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌(PPNG)的流行状况。方法采用琼脂稀释法测定4种抗生素对98株淋球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);采用纸片酸度定量法测定PPNG菌株。结果淋球菌对青霉素、环丙沙星、大观霉素及头孢三嗪的耐药率分别为85.7%,94.9%,4.1%,0。检出24株(24.5%)PPNG菌株。结论头孢三嗪、大观霉素仍可作为深圳地区治疗淋病的首选用药,但淋球菌对青霉素及环丙沙星耐药率较高。     

2018年成都地区淋病奈瑟菌对抗生素耐药性的结果分析

目的 了解2018年成都地区淋病奈瑟菌对5种抗生素的耐药性及产β-内酰胺酶淋病奈瑟菌(PPNG)和质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋病奈瑟菌(TRNG)的流行状况。方法 用琼脂稀释法测定5种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和用纸片酸度法检测β-内酰胺酶。结果 112株淋病奈瑟菌检测出PPNG 58株(51.79%)、TRNG 31株(27.68%)，青霉素和阿奇霉素的耐药率分别为76.79%和25.00%，检测出淋病奈瑟菌对环丙沙星全部耐药，同时发现一株耐大观霉素的菌株，未发现有对头孢曲松耐药的菌株。淋病奈瑟菌多重耐药41株(36.61%)，其中对环丙沙星、青霉素和四环素同时耐药24株比例(21.43%)最高，对环丙沙星、青霉素、四环素、阿奇霉素和大观霉素同时耐药1株比例(0.89%)最低。结论 头孢曲松和大观霉素可作为成都地区治疗淋病的首选药物，同时持续监测淋病奈瑟菌对抗生素的耐药性十分重要。     

2018年成都地区淋病奈瑟菌对抗生素耐药性的结果分析

目的 了解2018年成都地区淋病奈瑟菌对5种抗生素的耐药性及产β-内酰胺酶淋病奈瑟菌(PPNG)和质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋病奈瑟菌(TRNG)的流行状况。方法 用琼脂稀释法测定5种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和用纸片酸度法检测β-内酰胺酶。结果 112株淋病奈瑟菌检测出PPNG 58株(51.79%)、TRNG 31株(27.68%),青霉素和阿奇霉素的耐药率分别为76.79%和25.00%,检测出淋病奈瑟菌对环丙沙星全部耐药,同时发现一株耐大观霉素的菌株,未发现有对头孢曲松耐药的菌株。淋病奈瑟菌多重耐药41株(36.61%),其中对环丙沙星、青霉素和四环素同时耐药24株比例(21.43%)最高,对环丙沙星、青霉素、四环素、阿奇霉素和大观霉素同时耐药1株比例(0.89%)最低。结论     

200株淋球菌对7种抗生素的耐药性情况分析

目的 分析200株淋球菌分离菌株对7种抗生素的体外最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、质粒介导高度耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)及产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌(PPNG)等情况.方法 对200株淋球菌行青霉素、头孢曲松、头孢克肟、四环素、阿奇霉素、环丙沙星和大观霉素共7种抗生素MIC检测,纸片碘量法检测β-内酰胺酶,分析淋球菌抗菌活性和TRN...     

广州地区2000-2004年淋球菌对抗菌药物耐药性的变迁

目的监测广州地区2000-2004年分离的淋球菌对5种抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),分析淋球菌的耐药趋势。方法采用纸片酸度法测定菌株是否产β内酰胺酶,采用琼脂稀释法测定淋球菌株对抗菌药物的MIC。结果共测定527株淋球菌,检出产β内酰胺酶淋球菌(PPNG)105株(19.9%),未见大观霉素和头孢曲松耐药菌株出现,但头孢曲松的低敏率由2000年的20%上升到2004年的66.1%,两者的MIC50和MIC90均在敏感范围。大观霉素的MIC90由8mg·L-1上升到32mg·L-1;青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星的MIC50和MIC90变化较大,且都超过了耐药标准,其耐药率分别由2000年的80%、88.6%、85.7%升至2004年的93.5%、93.5%和96.8%。结论2000-2004年期间大观霉素和头孢曲松对淋球菌敏感性较好,但后者的低敏率呈逐年升高趋势,两者仍可作为治疗淋病的首选药物;对青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星耐药率逐年增高,提示对淋病的治疗作用差。     

淋球菌对六种抗菌药物敏感性的测定

目的：观察淋球菌对6种常用抗菌药物的敏感性。方法：分离123株淋球菌,分别进行青霉素、四环素、大观霉素、环丙沙星、洛美沙星、头孢曲松的敏感性测定。结果：耐青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、洛美沙星的菌株分别占56.9%,70.7%,22.8%,30.9%,耐大观霉素1株,未发现耐头孢曲松的菌株;青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、洛美沙星之间存在交叉耐药及多重耐药（占14.6%)。结论：头孢曲松、大观霉素可作为武汉地区治疗淋病的首选药物,其余4种不作为首选。     

山西地区91株淋球菌耐药性分析

目的检测山西地区淋病奈瑟菌（NG）对5种抗生素的敏感性,分析其耐药特点。方法K—B琼脂扩散法测定NG对抗生素的敏感性及产色头孢噻吩法检测β-内酰胺酶。结果91株淋球菌对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松和大观霉素的耐药率分别为69．23％、87．91％、97．80％、0和5．49％,检出质粒介导的产青霉素酶的淋病奈瑟菌（PPNG）38株（41．76％）,同时耐2种及2种以上抗菌药物的多重耐药率为94．51％。结论青霉素、四环素及环丙沙星已不宜用于山西地区淋病的治疗;头孢曲松和大观霉素耐药率较低,可以作为山西地区治疗淋病的首选药物。但是大观霉素已出现耐药株．应引起重视。同时山西地区多重耐药现象十分严重。持续监测淋球菌的耐药性十分必要。     

2012—2021年成都地区淋病奈瑟菌耐药变迁

目的 分析成都地区性病监测点淋病奈瑟菌临床分离株对常用抗菌药物的耐药变迁,为淋病的治疗提供实验室依据。方法 收集2012—2021年成都地区性病监测点临床分离的淋球菌菌株,采用纸片酸度法测定产青霉素酶淋球菌,琼脂稀释法测定四环素、青霉素、环丙沙星、阿奇霉素、头孢曲松和大观霉素的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果 10年间共监测1002株淋球菌。产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)564株(56.29%)、高水平耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)421株(42.02%), PPNG和TRNG阳性率分别在51.04%～68.63%、26.13%～59.09%,PPNG变化趋势较平稳,而TRNG呈明显的下降趋势(χ2=69.809,P<0.01)。青霉素耐药率66.67%～94.87%,呈前升后降趋势且变化明显(χ2=44.730,P<0.01),而中介率呈前降后升趋势(从15.45%降至5.13%后逐年升至29.73%)。环丙沙星的耐药率维持在较高的水平(93.75%～100%)。阿奇霉素平均非敏感率10.33%,MIC50和MIC90均下降了1个稀释度。10年间头孢曲松非敏感率1.90%,MIC<...     

惠州地区淋球菌对抗生素耐药性研究

目的探究惠州市淋球菌对四环素、环丙沙星、青霉素、大观霉素和头孢曲松的耐药情况。方法采用琼脂稀释法测定淋球菌对5种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度。用纸片酸度法检测产青霉素酶淋球菌菌株。结果 118株淋球菌对四环素、青霉素与环丙沙星的耐药率分别为77.97%（92/118）、73.73%（87/118）和39.83%（47/118）;抗菌药物的最终浓度：青霉素为0.125～8mg/L,四环素为0.25～16mg/L,环丙沙星为0.03～2mg/L,大观霉素为4～64mg/L,头孢曲松为0.002～1mg/L。4株对头孢曲松耐药的菌株,同时也对四环素、青霉素以及环丙沙星有耐药作用。结论淋球菌对四环素、环丙沙星和青霉素耐药率较高,对头孢曲松和大观霉素敏感,考虑作为临床治疗淋病的首选药物。     

Analysis of mutations within multiple genes associated with resistance in a clinical isolate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with reduced ceftriaxone susceptibility that shows a multidrug-resistant phenotype

A Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with a reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.5 microg/mL) was isolated among 398 clinical isolates obtained from 2000-2001 in Fukuoka City, Japan. The N. gonorrhoeae strain was negative for penicillinase production but it showed multidrug resistance against penicillin (MIC = 8 microg/mL), tetracycline (MIC = 4 microg/mL), azithromycin (MIC = 0.5 microg/mL) and ciprofloxacin (MIC = 16 microg/mL). The molecular mechanisms of the multidrug-resistant phenotype in this strain were analysed. Polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing were performed to identify mutations within the penA, ponA, mtrR, penB, gyrA and parC genes of the gonococcal strain, which thus explain the multidrug-resistant phenotype. The N. gonorrhoeae strain contained a significantly different sequence of the penA gene from that of the ceftriaxone-susceptible strains. Some regions of the transpeptidase domain within this penA gene were closely similar to those found in other Neisseria species such as Neisseria subflava, Neisseria flavescens or Neisseria perflava/sicca. This strain also included a ponA mutation that is associated with high-level resistance to penicillin, mtrR mutations that mediate overexpression of the MtrCDE efflux pump responsible for resistance to hydrophobic agents such as azithromycin, and penB mutations that reduce porin permeability to hydrophilic agents such as tetracycline. Moreover, this strain contained gyrA and parC mutations that confer high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin. These results indicate the emergence of a N. gonorrhoeae strain with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone, which also showed a multidrug-resistant phenotype that can be explained by the presence of multiple loci mutations associated with antibiotic resistance.     

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from maternal and child infections in Harare. The Puerperal Sepsis Study Group

The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of 29 PPNG and 26 non-PPNG isolated from women and neonates in Zimbabwe were investigated. There was evidence of chromosomal resistance to penicillin in many of the non-PPNG strains, with over 60 percent of all isolates having an MIC greater than 1 mg/litre. Reduced susceptibility to tetracycline was evident in about 20 percent of PPNG strains, particularly those containing the 4.4Md plasmid, while over 10 percent of non-PPNGs showed partial resistance to cefuroxime. Less than half of the strains were susceptible to erythromycin (MIC50 greater than 0.5 mg/litre) while all were susceptible to kanamycin and spectinomycin. PPNG containing the 3.2 Md plasmid were very susceptible to thiamphenicol (MIC50 0.25 mg/litre), while other strains were only moderately susceptible (MIC50 2 mg/litre). These findings suggest that penicillin, tetracycline or erythromycin may no longer be relied on for the successful treatment of gonococcal infection in women and babies. Thiamphenicol, Blactamase stable cephalosporins, kanamycin or spectinomycin may be useful alternatives, effective against most strains of both PPNG and non-PPNG. Continued surveillance is recommended to monitor changes in this susceptibility pattern.     

82株淋病奈瑟菌的耐药性分析

目的了解本地区淋病奈瑟菌的耐药性,为临床治疗提供实验依据。方法细菌鉴定采用API鉴定条,药敏试验采用K-B法,并进行统计分析。结果82例淋病奈瑟菌中,产β-内酰胺酶菌株25株,阳性率为30．5％;淋病奈瑟菌对大观霉素、头孢曲松较敏感,对青霉素、环丙沙星有较高的耐药性。结论青霉素、四环素以及氟喹诺酮类药物已不宜作为本地区治疗淋病的常规药物;大观霉素、头孢曲松可作为治疗淋病的首选药物,同时应加强淋病奈瑟菌的耐药性监测。     

Antibiotic susceptibilities of livestock isolates of leptospira

Leptospirosis is the most common zoonotic disease and is endemic worldwide. The antibiotic susceptibilities of Leptospira strains isolated from both humans and animals are poorly documented. This issue is particularly important for isolates from food-producing animals which are regularly exposed to antibiotic treatments. This study assessed the susceptibility of 35 leptospira strains isolated from food-producing animals of diverse geographical origins between 1936 and 2016 to the antimicrobial agents used most commonly in animals. A broth microdilution method was used to determine the susceptibilities of Leptospira strains isolated from livestock to 11 antibiotics. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin, clavulanate, cephalexin, ceftriaxone, doxycycline, tetracycline, streptomycin, enrofloxacin and spectinomycin, but not polymyxin [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)?≥?4?μg/L]. For tetracycline and doxycycline, the MIC was significantly higher for the recent isolates from Sardinia, Italy than for the other isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were also determined with 10- and 100-fold higher inocula. High inocula significantly diminished the antibacterial effect by at least 10-fold for enrofloxacin (MIC ≥256?μg/L), streptomycin (MIC ≥16?μg/L) and tetracycline (MIC ≥32?μg/L), suggesting selection of resistant strains for high inocula. These findings contribute to the assessment of whether certain antibiotics are potentially useful for the treatment of leptospirosis, and point out the risk of failure for some antibiotics during infection with a high inoculum in both animals and humans. This study strengthens the need to detect and prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance of this major emerging zoonotic pathogen.     

Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Japan, 1993-2002: continuous increasing of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates

Susceptibility testing was conducted on 1357 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from 1993 through 2002 in Japan to assess the antimicrobial resistance. Selected isolates were characterised by auxotype and analysis was done for mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) in the gyrA and parC genes, which confer fluoroquinolone resistance to the organism. Isolates with ciprofloxacin resistance increased significantly from 6.6% (1993-1994) to 73.5% (2002). The proportion of plasmid-mediated penicillin-resistant isolates (PPNG) decreased significantly from 7.9% (1993-1994) to 0.9% (2002). The percentage of chromosomal-mediated resistance to penicillin decreased from 27.4% in 2000 to 12.0% in 2001 but increased to 28.9% in 2002. The proportion of isolates with any type of resistance to tetracycline decreased from 24.7% in 2000 to 13.9% in 2001 and then increased to 22.3% in 2002. The proportion of prototrophic isolates significantly decreased from 84.4% in 1992-1993 to 7.7% in 2001, while that of the proline-requiring isolates significantly increased from 4.4% in 1992-1993 and 80.8% in 1998. The proline-requiring isolates were less susceptible to ciprofloxacin than the prototrophic or arginine-requiring isolates. Of 87 isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin, 2 (2.3%) contained five amino acid substitutions within the GyrA and ParC proteins, 76 (87.4%) contained three or four amino acid substitutions and 9 (10.3%) contained one or two amino acid substitutions.