有高血压史的脑梗死患者G蛋白β3亚基基因C825T多态性研究

目的 探讨G蛋白β3亚基（G proteinβ3 subunit,GNB3）基因C825T多态性与原发性高血压和有高血压病史脑梗死发病的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性分析对110名40岁以上的健康成年人和92例原发性高血压、80例有高血压史的脑梗死患者GNB3基因C825T多态性进行检测,记录性别、年龄、糖尿病史、吸烟史、饮酒史,并测定体质指数、腰臀比、总胆固醇( total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油（triglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）和空腹血糖浓度。采用多变量logistic回归分析筛选与高血压患者脑梗死发病相关的因素。结果 3组人群GNB3基因C825T多态性分布均符合Hardy -weinberg遗传平衡定律。在有高血压史的脑梗死患者中CC、CT和TT等3种基因型频率分别为33％、57％和20％,在原发性高血压患者中分别为33％、42％和25％,健康对照组中分别为26％、54％和20％,无显著差异(x2=4.030,P=0.402);3组人群中825T等位基因频率分别为39％、40％和47％,无显著差异(x2=0.367,P=0.832)。多变量logistic回归分析显示,TC[优势比（odds ratio,OR）10.810,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)2.645 ～ 44.136,P=0.000]、TG( OR 5.453,95% CI 1.662～17.881,P=0.005)、HDL-C(OR0.181,95％CI 0.041～0.795,P=0.027)、血糖（OR2.386,95％ CI 1.062 ～5.363,P=0.035）、糖尿病（OR7.156,95％CI1.271～40.291,P=0.026）是脑梗死的独立危险因素,而GNB3基因型和等位基因未进入模型。结论 GNB3基因C825T多态性可能与脑梗死和原发性高血压无关。     

G蛋白β_3亚单位基因C825T多态性影响缬沙坦的降压疗效

目的探讨G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性与缬沙坦的降压疗效的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应限制片段长度多态性方法检测147例健康人(对照组)和321例高血压病患者(高血压组)的G蛋白β3亚单位C825T多态性,其中102例高血压病患者口服缬沙坦4周。结果高血压组G蛋白β3亚单位C825T多态性中基因型频率(CC28.7%、CT 52.0%、TT 19.3%)、等位基因频率(C 54.7%、T 45.3%)与对照组基因型频率(CC 27.2%、CT 46.9%、TT25.9%)、等位基因频率(C 50.7%、T 49.3%)比较无显著性差异;缬沙坦对CT[(18.29±11.17)mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa]、TT[(25.63±22.68)mm Hg]、CT+TT[(19.25±13.20)mm Hg]基因型患者降低收缩压的作用强于CC基因型[(11.33±9.15)mm Hg,P<0.05];对CT[(15.03±9.35)mm Hg]、CT+TT[(14.50±9.23)mm Hg]基因型患者降低舒张压的作用强于CC基因型[(8.81±5.60)mm Hg,P<0.05]。结论G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性与缬沙坦的降压疗效相关,而与原发性高血压无关。     

G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性与高血压患者的肥胖无关

目的　探讨G蛋白β3亚单位基因C82 5T多态性与原发性高血压患者肥胖的相关关系。 方法　采用聚合酶链反应结合限制性内切酶片段长度多态分析方法检测 14 7例健康人和 32 1例高血压患者的G蛋白 β3亚单位C82 5T多态性 ,并测定高血压患者的体质指数、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及空腹血糖浓度。结果　高血压组G蛋白β3亚单位C82 5T多态性中基因型频率 (CC为 2 8.7% ,CT为 5 2 % ,TT为19.3% )、等位基因频率 (C为 5 4 .6 72 % ,T为 4 5 .33% )与正常对照组基因型频率 (CC为 2 7.2 % ,CT为 4 6 .9% ,TT为 2 5 .9% )、等位基因频率 (C为 5 0 .7% ,T为 4 9.3% )比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;CC基因型患者的体质指数、血脂水平与CT +TT基因型患者比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　G蛋白 β3亚单位基因C82 5T多态性可能与高血压患者的肥胖无关     

G蛋白β3亚基基因多态性与功能性消化不良和肠易激综合征关系的研究进展

功能性胃肠病(FGIDs)是一组临床常见消化系统疾病,其病因和发病机制尚不完全清楚,目前认为主要与胃肠动力异常、内脏高敏感等有关。G蛋白是一类细胞内信号转导分子,可介导多种与胃肠动力、内脏感觉相关的细胞内反应,在FGIDs的发病中具有重要意义。研究发现G蛋白β3亚基(GNβ3)基因是与FGIDs易感性相关的候选基因之一,本文对GNβ3基因多态性与功能性消化不良和肠易激综合征关系的研究进展作一综述。     

G蛋白β3亚单位基因825C/T多态性与中国人群原发性高血压相关性的Meta分析

目的系统评价G蛋白β3亚单位(GNB3)基因825C/T多态性与中国人群原发性高血压(EH)发病风险的关系。方法由两名评价者独立检索PubMed、EMbase、CNKI、CBM和WanFang数据库,收集探讨GNB3基因825C/T多态性与中国人EH相关性的病例-对照研究,检索时限均为建库至2013年9月30日。文献筛选及资料提取后,对纳入文献按NOS进行质量评价,然后采用Stata12.0软件行Meta分析。结果最终纳入30个病例-对照研究,包括EH患者5054例,对照人群5565例。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,GNB3基因825C/T多态性与中国人EH发病风险间无统计学差异[TT vs.CC:(OR=1.13,95%CI:0.89~1.43,P=0.33);TT vs.CT+CC:(OR=1.04,95%CI:0.86~1.26,P=0.70);CT vs.CC:(OR=1.08,95%CI:0.98~1.19,P=0.11);TT+CT vs.CC:(OR=1.11,95%CI:0.96~1.29,P=0.15);T vs.C:(OR=1.06,95%CI:0.95~1.20,P=0.30)]。结论当前证据表明中国人群GNB3基因825C/T多态性与EH发病无关。     

G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性与原发性高血压左室肥厚的临床调查与分析

目的探讨武汉地区汉族原发性高血压人群中G蛋白β3亚单位(GNB3)基因C825T多态性的分布及其与原发性高血压左室肥厚的关系.方法收集本院确诊为原发性高血压的患者120例,其中男性57例,女性63例,平均年龄63.5+0.221岁,应用美国超声协会标准对每位患者进行各项心脏指标的超声心动图常规测量,应用PCR-RFLP方法检测其GNB3基因C825T多态性,并分析基因多态性分布及其与临床各项指标的关系.结果入选人群中CC型57例(44.2%),CT型53例(47.5%),TT型10例(8.3%).GNB3基因825T突变者(CT+TT)与CC比较,24h平均收缩压与24h平均动脉压均显著升高,分别为(159±2.29mmgHg vs 147±2.1mmHg,P=0.005)与(126±1.63mmHg vs 118±1.53mmHg,P=0.002).GNB3基因823T突变者(CT+TT)与CC比较,其左室后壁厚度(10.6±1.2mm vs 8.59±0.21mm,P=0.001)、室间隔厚度(10.44±0.26mm vs 9.15±0.24,P=0.001)、前壁厚度(7.19±0.13mm vs 6.65±0.165mm)均有显著性增加.左室质量指数高低与是否突变的差异有统计学意义(P=0.035).结论在武汉原发性高血压患者中,G蛋白β3亚单位G825T基因多态性与24h平均收缩压、24h平均动脉压、左心室壁增厚、左室肥厚有显著相关性.     

高血压病患者G蛋白β3基因C825T和eNOS基因G894T多态性研究

目的　观察高血压病 (EH)患者G蛋白 β3亚单位基因 (GNB3)C82 5T多态性和内皮一氧化氮合酶 (eNOS)基因G894T多态性 ,探讨EH发生的遗传学机制。方法　EH患者 112例 ,对照组 112例。取血标本提取DNA ,用PCR方法扩增目的基因 ,用限制性内切酶 (BanⅡ、BseDI)酶切PCR产物用于基因分型。结果　EH患者GNB3C82 5T基因型分布 (基因型频率CC =0 34,CT =0 5 3 ,TT =0 13)与对照组有显著性差异 (基因型频率CC =0 5 9,CT =0 36 ,TT =0 0 5。χ2 =6 9,P <0 0 5 ) ;82 5T等位基因携带者与CC纯合子比较有较高的患EH的危险 (OR =2 2 ,95 %CI1 1～ 4 6 )。eNOS各基因型在EH的分布与对照组无显著性差异。Logistic回归分析显示 ,GNB3 82 5T等位基因与EH关联最密切。结论GNB3基因C82 5T多态性的 82 5T等位基因是EH发病的遗传危险因子。eNOS基因G894T多态性在EH发病中不起直接重要作用。     

原发性高血压患者中G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性与复方缬沙坦降压疗效的相关性

目的:探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者中G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性与EH发生,及复方缬沙坦降压疗效的相关性。方法:80例EH患者(EH组)给予复方缬沙坦1粒/d,治疗4周后,观察其降压疗效。应用直接测序方法对EH组患者和40名健康者(对照组)G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T作基因分型。结果:EH组中CC和CT+TT基因型频率分别为31.25%和68.75%,对照组中分别为52.50%和47.50%,2组间CT+TT基因型频率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。EH组中C和T等位基因频率分别为41.88%和58.12%,对照组中分别为57.50%和42.50%,2组间T等位基因频率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。EH组患者中,复方缬沙坦对携带T等位基因者血压的下降幅度与携带C等位基因者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性与EH发病有关,携带T等位基因者可能是缬沙坦降压疗效的新的预测因子。     

G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性与原发性高血压

目的 探讨G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性与国人原发性高血压以及高血压左室肥厚（LVH）、血脂水平之间的关系。方法 采用多聚酶链式反应结合限制性内切酶片段长度多态分析方法（PCR－RFLP）检测79例健康人和146例高血压患者的G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性,体重指数（BMI）,并测定128例高血压患者的总胆固醇（Tch)、甘油三酯（TG）、空腹血糖（Glu)及肌酐（Cr)浓度和103例高血压患者的左室质量指数（LVMI）。结果（1）高血压组G蛋白β3亚单位基因型频率（CC24．7％、CT69．2％、TT6．2％）、等位基因频率（C59．2％、T40．8％）与正常对照组基因型频率（CC22．8％、CT63．3％、TT13．9％）、等位基因频率（C54．4％、T45．6％）比较无显著性差异;（2）CC基因型患者与CT＋TT基因型患者比较,BMI、LVMI、血脂水平亦无显著性差异。结论 提示G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性可能与中国人原发高血压及其LVH、血脂水平无关。     

G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性与原发性高血压

目的探讨G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性与国人原发性高血压以及高血压左室肥厚(LVH)、血脂水平之间的关系.方法采用多聚酶链式反应结合限制性内切酶片段长度多态分析方法(PCR-RFLP)检测79例健康人和146例高血压患者的G蛋白β3亚单位C825T多态性、体重指数(BMI),并测定128例高血压患者的总胆固醇(Tch)、甘油三脂(TG)、空腹血糖(Glu)及肌酐(Cr)浓度和103例高血压患者的左室质量指数(LVMI).结果(1)高血压组G蛋白β3亚单位基因型频率(CC24.7%、CT69.2%、TT6.2%)、等位基因频率(C59.2%、T40.8%)与正常对照组基因型频率(CC22.8%、CT63.3%、TT13.9%)、等位基因频率(C54.4%、T45.6%)比较无显著性差异;(2)CC基因型患者与CT+TT基因型患者比较,BMI、LVMI、血脂水平间亦无显著性差异.结论提示G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性可能与中国人原发性高血压及其LVH、血脂水平无关.     

GNB3基因C825T多态性与新疆和田地区维吾尔族自然长寿老人的相关性研究

目的 探讨GNB3基因C825T多态性与新疆和田地区维吾尔族老人长寿的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态法(PCR-RFLP)和直接测序法检测百岁组(年龄不小于100岁)65例和长寿组(90-99岁)100例老人GNB3基因825位点的基因型,对照组112例(年龄不超过70岁自然死亡人群)作为对照组.结果 百岁组和对照组GNB3 825C/T的基因型和等位基因频率分布差异均具有统计学意义(P=0.0021,P<0.0001).其中百岁组CC基因型的频率为60.0%,对照组为36.6%(OR 2.60;95%CI 1.39-4.89).结论 本研究初步表明,新疆和田地区维吾尔族人GNB3基因C825T多态性与个体寿命密切相关,但同时也应考虑长寿是年龄依赖的多种因素影响的结果.     

C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene codifying the G-protein beta3-subunit and cardiovascular risk

Hypertension is a common disorder of multifactorial origin that constitutes a major risk factor for cardiovascular events such as stroke and myocardial infarction. The subunits of the heterotrimeric G proteins are attractive candidate gene products for both susceptibility to essential hypertension and interindividual variation in blood pressure. A polymorphism (825C/T) in exon 10 of the GNB3 gene, that encodes for the beta3 subunit, has recently been described. The 825T allele is associated with alternative splicing of the gene and formation of a truncated but functionally active beta3 subunit. Carriers of the 825T allele appear to have an increased risk for hypertension, obesity, insulin-resistance and left ventricular hypertrophy. Moreover, 825T allele carriers respond with a stronger decrease in blood pressure to therapy with a thiazide diuretic and with clonidine. GNB3 825T allele may be regarded as a potential genetic marker for a better definition of the risk profile of hypertensive subjects, but further studies are needed to precisely define the impact of T allele on the prognosis of such patients.     

GNB3基因C825T多态性与中国高血压患者服用坎地沙坦酯或坎地沙坦酯／氢氯噻嗪复方制剂降压疗效的相关性研究

目的探讨GNB3C825T基因多态性与坎地沙坦酯及复方坎地沙坦酯（坎地沙坦酯＋氢氯噻嗪）降压疗效的相关性。方法62名原发性高血压患者随机分组，分别给予坎地沙坦酯片及坎地沙坦酯＋氢氯噻嗪片治疗8周，定期随访取得血压下降数据。采用聚合酶链式反应．限制性片断长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法检测GNB3基因型。利用协方差分析各基因型与两药物降压疗效的关系。结果服用坎地沙坦酯／氢氯噻嗪复方的病人血压下降值明显高于单独服用坎地沙坦酯的病人血压下降值（P〈0．05）。GNB3825T等位基因在入选的高血压病人中频率为45．16％。与多数国人报道结果一致。协方差分析结果显示服用两种药后收缩压和舒张压的下降幅度在GNB3C825T各基因型高血压患者问比较均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论GNB3C825T基因多态性可能与坎地沙坦酯及坎地沙坦酯＋氢氯噻嗪降压疗效不相关。     

Lack of an Association of GNB3 C825T Polymorphism and Blood Pressure in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

G-protein beta 3 subunit (GNB3) C825T (rs5443) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been implicated as a risk factor for essential hypertension in the general population. The effects of this SNP may be more prominent in subjects with endothelial dysfunction (ED). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with ED and has a high prevalence of hypertension. Thus far, this SNP has not been studied in RA patients. We genotyped 383 RA patients and 432 controls. GNB3 C825T was identified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and melting curve analysis. There were no differences in the frequencies of the GNB3 C825T genotype and alleles between RA and controls. Within RA patients, prevalence of hypertension did not differ across genotypes. The TT versus CC+CT contrast yielded an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.49 to 1.76, p = 0.813), the contrast of TT+CT versus CC an adjusted OR of 2.17 (95% CI: 0.885 to 5.30, p = 0.091), whereas that of the T allele versus C allele an adjusted OR of 1.11 (95% CI: 0.76 to 1.61, p = 0.604). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were not significantly different across the three genotypic groups. No significant interaction was observed between GNB3 825C/T polymorphism and serum endothelin levels. Data from the present study suggest that the T825 variant of the G protein β3 subunit gene is unlikely to constitute major susceptibility loci for essential hypertension in Caucasian RA patients. Further larger studies are required to confirm our findings and assess the interaction of rs5443 with environmental factors.     

Association between the C825T polymorphism of the G protein beta3-subunit gene and hypertension in blacks

A polymorphism (C825T) of the G protein beta3-subunit gene has been associated with low renin hypertension in whites. The aim of this study was to examine the C825T polymorphism in relation to hypertension in a population-based study of black people of African origin who have high prevalence of low renin, salt-sensitive hypertension. A total of 428 men and women, aged 40 to 59 years (270 Caribbeans and 158 West Africans), who took part in a population-based survey were studied. All were blacks and first-generation immigrants. The C825T polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction-enzyme digestion. The prevalence of hypertension (supine blood pressures >/=160 systolic and/or 95 mm Hg diastolic or on drug therapy) was 43%. The distribution of the genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with observed frequencies of 4.0% (n=17), 33.6% (n=144), and 62.4% (n=267), respectively. Allele frequencies were 20.8% for C and 79.2% for T. No difference was detected between Caribbeans and West Africans. A 3-fold higher risk of hypertension was found among the carriers of the T variant both as heterozygotes (odds ratio [OR], 3.43 [95% CI, 0.94 to 12.4]) and homozygotes (OR, 3.87 [95% CI, 1. 09 to 13.8]). The estimate of effect and the blood pressure values in the groups carrying the T variant suggested a dominant model for the T allele. This was confirmed by a significant association between the T allele and hypertension (OR, 3.71 [95% CI, 1.05 to 13. 1]), even when adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (OR, 4.14 [95% CI, 1.11 to 15.4]). The study shows, for the first time, a high frequency of the 825T allele in black people, and it provides evidence that the T allele may be a susceptibility factor for the development of hypertension in blacks. Given the high frequency of the T allele, even a 2-fold increased risk of hypertension among the carriers of the T allele might account for 44% of the cases of hypertension in blacks.     

GNB3 gene C825T and ACE gene I/D polymorphisms in essential hypertension in a Kazakh genetic isolate

The Kazakh inhabitants living in Barkol pasture of northeast China belong to a genetic isolate characterized by ethnically homogeneous and a communal pastoral lifestyle. To investigate whether the polymorphisms in the G-protein beta-3 subunit (GNB3) gene and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene are associated with essential hypertension (EH), we carried out a case-control study of 290 hypertensive subjects and 244 normotensive (NT) controls randomly selected from Kazakh populations of Barkol. A previous medical history of diabetes and hypertension, and body mass index (BMI) was recorded. Plasma glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol were measured. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene and the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene were determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The distributions of genotypes and alleles for the two polymorphisms did not differ significantly between the case and control populations, and odds ratio of EH related to the ACE gene D allele and GNB3 gene T allele was not significantly different from 1.0. Logistic regression analysis shows the variation at the GNB3 and ACE did not have any statistically significant synergistic effect on blood pressure (BP). Stratification of NT and untreated hypertensives according to I/D polymorphism of ACE gene and C825T polymorphism of GNB3 gene disclosed no significant difference across genotypes with respect to BMI, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, systolic and diastolic BP. In conclusion, the polymorphisms in the GNB3 gene and ACE gene, solely or combined, did not confer a significantly increased risk for the development of EH in the Kazakh isolate of northeast China.     

乙型肝炎肝硬化肝气郁结证与5-HTTLPR重复序列、TPH A218C、GNB3 C825T基因多态性相关性分析

目的:通过分子生物学检测,分析乙型肝炎肝硬化肝气郁结证与候选基因多态性的关联。方法:将96例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者辨证分为肝气郁结证组20例、兼肝气郁结证组24例和非肝气郁结证组52例,筛选与人体情绪调节相关的基因位点五羟色胺转运体启动子区(5-HTTLPR)重复序列、色氨酸羟化酶(TPH)A218C、G蛋白β3亚单位(GNB3)C825T位点,观察其基因多态性与肝气郁结证的相关性,为肝气郁结证的基因特征研究提供依据。结果:5-HTTLPR的S等位基因或L等位基因在各组间分布差异均无显著性意义(P0.05),TPH A218C中肝气郁结证组患者CC基因型占45.00%(9/20)、C等位基因频率占67.50%(27/40),明显高于非肝气郁结证组的14.0%(7/50)和43.00%(43/100),差异有显著性意义(P0.05或0.01),而GNB3 C825T中的CC基因型和C等位基因在肝气郁结证组患者中的出现频率分别为15.00%(3/20)、42.50%(17/40),明显低于非肝气郁结证组的44.00%(22/50)和66.00%(66/100),差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:TPHA218C的CC基因型、C等位基因及GNB3 C825T T等位基因可能是乙型肝炎肝硬化肝气郁结证的易感基因,TPH A218C的A等位基因及GNB3C825T的CC基因型、C等位基因可能是其保护基因;5-HTTLPR基因多态性与该证的发生可能无相关性。     

Association of G-protein beta3 subunit gene C825T polymorphism with cardiac and cerebrovascular events in Chinese hypertensive patients

Several recent studies showed that C825T polymorphism is related to cardiovascular diseases in normal population. However, studies on whether 825T allele influences the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in hypertensive patients are rare. In the current study, 729 patients (CC, n = 332; CT, n = 313; TT, n = 84) with essential hypertension were genotyped for C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene and followed 8 years for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) which include stroke, the onset of coronary artery disease (CAD), and all-cause death. Established cardiovascular risk factors were used to adjust the multivariate Cox analysis. After a mean follow-up period of 7.60 ± 1.12 years, a significantly higher incidence of MACEs was seen in the TT genotype group than CC and CT genotypes. The TT variant was significantly and independently predictive of MACEs (relative risk = 2.574; p < 0.001), CAD (relative risk = 2.963; p < 0.001), but not stroke, CAD+stroke or death. The GNB3 TT genotype is a risk factor for CAD independent of other established cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese hypertensive patients.     

GNB3 C825T polymorphism and response to interferon-alfa/ribavirin treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1) infection

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The outcome of infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been shown to be influenced by genetic host factors. The G protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) C825T polymorphism has been shown to determine immune cell functions in vitro. We investigated the association of GNB3 genotypes with treatment response in HCV-infected patients. METHODS: We genotyped 1781 HCV-free blood donors and 232 HCV-infected patients treated with interferon-alfa/ribavirin. Sustained virologic response (SVR) was defined by undetectable HCV-RNA 24 weeks after discontinuation of therapy. Non-response (NR) was defined by positive HCV-RNA at the end of at least 24 weeks of treatment. GNB3 genotypes were determined by DNA restriction enzyme analyses. RESULTS: Genotype distribution was not significantly different in healthy controls and HCV-infected patients. Only in HCV genotype 1-infected patients a significant correlation between GNB3 CC genotype and NR could be observed (6 TT, 42 TC, 54 CC) versus SVR (11 TT, 25 TC, 19 CC) patients (P = 0.004). In a logistic regression analysis including biochemical and virologic characteristics, only GNB3 CC genotype was significantly associated with NR (OR 4.9; 95% CI = 1.4-16.5; P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The GNB3 825 CC genotype is associated with NR in HCV-1-infected patients.