口服维生素E对维持性血液透析患者血清几种炎症因子水平的影响

目的 探讨抗氧化剂维生素E对维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis, MHD)患者微炎症状态的影响.方法 MHD患者58例,口服维生素E 400 mg/d,服药6周,观察用药前后高敏C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 等炎症指标及血浆中维生素E浓度,选20例健康者作正常对照.结果 血透患者CRP水平[(4.71±1.81)mg/L与(2.10±0.67)mg/L]、IL-6水平[(96.25±46.19) pg/ml与(49.30±28.12)pg/ml]、IL-10水平[(75.12±32.29) pg/ml与(48.21±24.77) pg/ml]、TNF-α水平[(0.082±0.03) ng/ml与(0.037±0.02)ng/ml]明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.01).给予维生素E治疗后,CRP水平[(3.49±1.34) mg/L与(4.71±1.81)mg/L]和TNF-α水平[(0.042±0.02)ng/ml与(0.082±0.03)ng/ml]较治疗前明显降低(P＜0.01),IL-6水平[(92.73±34.05) pg/ml与(96.25±46.19)pg/ml]和IL-10水平[(1.42±20.62)pg/ml与(5.12±32.29)pg/ml]较治疗前无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 大剂量维生素E(400 g/d)可以改善MHD患者的微炎症状态,血透患者短期应用大剂量维生素E未见明显副作用.     

益肾活血汤辅助治疗对维持性血液透析患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度、氧化应激指标及微炎症状态的影响

目的 :探讨益肾活血汤辅助治疗对维持性血液透析患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度、氧化应激指标及微炎症状态的影响。方法 :选择2015年7月—2016年7月我院接诊的92例维持性血液透析(MHD)患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组及对照组各46例。对照组采用常规血透治疗,观察组在此基础上加用益肾活血汤进行辅助治疗。比较两组的颈动脉内膜中层厚度(C-IMT)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。结果 :治疗后,观察组C-IMT水平低于对照组[(0.82±0.15)mm vs(0.95±0.27)mm](P0.05);观察组MDA水平低于对照组[(4.43±1.11)μmol/L vs(5.99±1.34)μmol/L](P0.05);观察组SOD和GSH-Px水平均高于对照组[(100.22±23.63)U/m L vs(90.13±12.44)U/m L,(100.34±16.92)mg/L vs(90.37±14.09)mg/L](P0.05);观察组IL-6、CRP和TNF-α水平均低于对照组[(11.33±2.51)ng/L vs(16.22±2.70)ng/L,(5.58±1.46)ng/L vs(9.61±2.74)ng/L,(20.57±7.24)pmol/L vs(26.22±8.43)pmol/L](P0.05)。结论 :益肾活血汤辅助治疗MHD可有效降低患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度,改善氧化应激指标,缓解微炎症状态,疗效确切可靠,值得推广应用。     

抑郁情绪对慢性心力衰竭患者血浆细胞因子水平及预后的影响

目的 探讨抑郁障碍对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆细胞因子及其预后的影响.方法 选择CHF伴抑郁障碍70例(抑郁组)和CHF不伴抑郁障碍130例(非抑郁组)作为研究对象,采用Beck抑郁问卷评定抑郁症状严重程度,酶联免疫吸附法检测外周血白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和干扰素-γ(INF-γ),随访观察死亡、因心衰恶化再住院事件.结果 抑郁组血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和INF-γ水平显著高于非抑郁组[分别为(22.56±6.27)ng/L vs(18.58±5.95)ng/L;(29.96±6.23)ng/L vs(24.43±8.40)ng/L;(20.34±4.45)ng/L vs(16.56±5.87)ng/L和(176.79±37.89)ng/L vs(156.39±34.01)ng/L,均P＜0.01];Beck抑郁问卷积分与IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和INF-γ显著正相关(均P＜0.01);2年随访期间抑郁组死亡率及再住院率均显著高于非抑郁组(分别为40%vs19%和79%vs61%,均P＜0.01);多因素Cox回归分析结果显示抑郁障碍与CHF患者死亡独立相关(HR=1.126,P=0.000).结论 CHF患者伴抑郁血清致炎性细胞因子水平增高;抑郁可能是CHF患者预后差的独立预测因子.     

ICU患者的血浆炎性指标与血糖波动幅度的相关性

目的:探讨ICU患者的血糖波动幅度(MAGE)与炎症因子水平的关系,及MAGE对预后的影响.方法:选择在ICU接受治疗的患者55例及30名健康受试者,将ICU患者分为A组(APACHEⅡ评分＜25分)、B组(APACHEⅡ评分≥25分),比较两组ICU患者及健康受试者MAGE、CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平,分析ICU患者MAGE与血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6的关系;比较ICU死亡患者与存活患者MAGE与APACHEⅡ评分的差异.结果:B组患者MAGE高于A组患者(5.09 ±2.38 vs 3.45 ±1.72,P＜0.05);B组患者血清CRP、TNF-α及IL-6均高于A组患者(143.67 ±53.3 vs 98.72 ±34.1,P＜0.01;52.9±9.68 vs 39.51 ±6.91,P＜0.01;132.87 ±51.31 vs105.31 ±43.12,P＜0.05);ICU死亡患者MAGE及APACHEⅡ评分高于存活组患者(5.09±1.87 vs 3.21 ±1.03,P＜0.01:26.01 ±4.09 vs 20.76 ±3.19;P ＜0.01);相关性分析发现ICU患者(A组及B组)MAGE与CRP(r=0.671;P＜0.01)、TNF-α(r =0.621;P ＜0.01)及IL-6(r =0.568;P ＜0.01)均呈正相关.结论:MAGE可以作为一项判断ICU患者预后的指标,并与患者的炎症指标水平呈正相关.     

超重及肥胖者血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平变化及意义的研究

目的 探讨在超重及肥胖患者中血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平变化及意义.方法 58例体重正常者和24例超重及肥胖者常规测量血压、体重、身高、腰围、臀围,计算体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR).抽取空腹静脉血检测其IL-6、CRP、TNF-α的水平.结果 在超重及肥胖者中,BMI、WHR、收缩压、餐后2h血糖、三酰甘油、空腹胰岛素、IL-6水平[(21.16±10.85 VS 15.79±3.45)μg/ml, P=0.023]、CRP水平[(3.77±10.4 VS 1.70±0.65)mg/L,P=0.036]均高于正常体重组,而舒张压、TNF-α[(49.99±35.61 VS 38.30±20.70)ng/ml, P=0.074]的水平在两组间无统计学意义.在超重及肥胖患者中,IL-6、CRP、TNF-α与肥胖相关指数(BMI、WHR)正相关(p<0.05);IL-6、CRP分别与餐后2h血糖和空腹胰岛素水平正相关(P<0.05和P<0.01).结论 在超重及肥胖人群中存在着部分炎症指标的异常,提示超重及肥胖与炎症密切相关.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血清瘦素水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者血清瘦素水平及其与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系.方法:测量研究对象的身高、体质量,行多导睡眠图(PSG)检查.根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)和体块指数(BMI)将研究对象分为四组:A组肥胖OSAS患者16例(BMI≥27,AHI≥5);B组非肥胖OSAS患者10例(BMI＜25,AHI≥5);C组单纯肥胖10例(BMI≥27,AHI＜5);D组对照10例(BMI＜25,AHI＜5).瘦素及胰岛素测定采用放免法,血糖采用葡萄糖氧化酶法.结果:①A,B,C三组空腹胰岛素水平分别为(15.6±3.6),(11.7±2.3),(11.3±2.5)mU/L,均较D组(9.1±1.8)mU/L升高(P＜0.01),且A组胰岛素也显著高于B,C组(P＜0.01);②A,B,C三组瘦素水平分别为(6.6±1.4),(4.7±0.9),(4.2±0.7)μg/L均较D组(3.4±1.0)μg/L非常显著升高(P＜0.05～0.01),且A组瘦素也显著高于B,C(P＜0.01);③A,B,C三组稳态模式估计法(HOMA)胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)分别为(4.0±1.4),(3.0±0.8),(2.8±0.6),均较D组显著升高(2.1±0.6)(P＜0.05～0.01),且A组HOMA-IR也显著高于B,C组(P＜0.01);④OSAS患者血清瘦素水平与空腹胰岛素水平,BMI,HOMA-IR正相关,相关系数分别为:0.4074(P＜0.05),0.7543(P＜0.01),0.4312(P＜0.05),0.4352(P＜0.05).结论:OSAS患者血清瘦素水平及HOMA胰岛素敏感指数明显高于单纯肥胖组及对照组,OSAS患者体内瘦素水平可能与其IR有关.     

ADM与急性肾衰竭患者肾功能及机体炎性反应的相关性

目的 研究血清肾上腺髓质素(ADM)与急性肾衰竭患者肾功能及机体炎性反应的相关性.方法 选取2019年1月至2020年5月该院确诊的75例急性肾衰竭患者作为研究组,以同期45例体检健康者作为对照组.检测并比较两组血清ADM、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、血肌酐(Scr)的表达水平,Pearson法分析血清ADM与炎性因子和Scr的相关性.结果 与对照组比较,研究组ADM[(6.40±0.88)ng/L vs.(33.05±7.42)ng/L]、CRP[(5.01±0.87)mg/L vs.(12.56±2.23)mg/L]、TNF-α[(66.28±10.25)ng/L vs.(134.25±25.66)ng/L]、IL-6[(40.36±8.79)ng/L vs.(117.37±20.16)ng/L]、Scr[(81.38±17.45)μmol/L vs.(678.47±175.69)μmol/L]表达水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且血清ADM与CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、Scr表达水平呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 患者血清ADM与肾功能及炎性反应呈正相关.     

ADM与急性肾衰竭患者肾功能及机体炎性反应的相关性

目的 研究血清肾上腺髓质素(ADM)与急性肾衰竭患者肾功能及机体炎性反应的相关性.方法 选取2019年1月至2020年5月该院确诊的75例急性肾衰竭患者作为研究组,以同期45例体检健康者作为对照组.检测并比较两组血清ADM、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、血肌酐(Scr)的表达水平,Pearson法分析血清ADM与炎性因子和Scr的相关性.结果 与对照组比较,研究组ADM[(6.40±0.88)ng/L vs.(33.05±7.42)ng/L]、CRP[(5.01±0.87)mg/L vs.(12.56±2.23)mg/L]、TNF-α[(66.28±10.25)ng/L vs.(134.25±25.66)ng/L]、IL-6[(40.36±8.79)ng/L vs.(117.37±20.16)ng/L]、Scr[(81.38±17.45)μmol/L vs.(678.47±175.69)μmol/L]表达水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且血清ADM与CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、Scr表达水平呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 患者血清ADM与肾功能及炎性反应呈正相关.     

肺癌伴发感染患者降钙素原和炎性因子的检测及临床意义

目的:检测肺癌伴发感染患者降钙素原(PCT)和炎性因子含量并探讨其临床意义。方法:以临床确诊肺癌伴发全身感染患者为试验组,以单纯肺癌患者为对照组,采血测定外周血白细胞计数(WBC)、PCT、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)等含量。结果:感染患者WBC与对照组相比显著升高[(8.31±1.42)×109/L vs.(5.85±1.08)×109/L,,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)];PCT显著升高[(1.74±0.22)ng/ml vs.(0.65±0.10)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);CRP各组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但远高于正常值范围;IL-1含量显著升高[(15.38±2.56)pg/ml vs.(6.43±2.07)pg/ml],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);IL-6含量显著升高[(164.27±21.79)pg/ml vs.(95.30±19.17)pg/ml],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);TNF-α含量显著也升高[(1.22±0.15)ng/ml vs.(0.89±0.15)ng/ml],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。使用抗感染药物控制感染后,感染患者上述指标均降至对照水平。结论:PCT是判定肺癌患者伴发感染的良好指标。     

不同剂量胰岛素对严重烫伤大鼠早期血清IL-1β及IL-10的调控作用及意义

目的: 研究不同剂量胰岛素对严重烫伤早期血清IL-1β及IL-10的影响. 方法: 将雄性SD大鼠63只随机分为烫伤后盐水治疗(A)组、盐水 不同剂量胰岛素治疗(B1～B3)组,每组14只,另取7只正常大鼠作为对照(N)组. 烫伤各组在背部造成约30%体表总面积(TBSA)全层皮肤烫伤. 伤后6,24 h后检测血糖、血压及血清IL-1β及IL-10含量. 结果: 伤后大鼠血糖明显升高,6 h达到(10.7±1.8)mmol/L,并持续高血糖状态,胰岛素可以降低伤后血糖,并随剂量的增大而作用增强,3 IU/kg胰岛素的6 h血糖为(6.0±0.8)mmol/L,与正常值(5.1±0.6)mmol/L比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05);伤后6,24 h血压均明显低于正常值,3 IU/kg胰岛素对伤后血压有显著改善作用. 烫伤后血清IL-1β显著升高,不同剂量胰岛素干预均可降低IL-1β水平(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),3 IU/kg时血清IL-1β在6, 24 h分别为(54.0±8.6),(46.8±6.8)ng/L. 烫伤后血清IL-10含量有所升高,胰岛素可进一步提高烫伤大鼠血清IL-10含量,以3 IU/kg伤后24 h最为明显,达到(45.5±5.2)ng/L,与单纯盐水治疗组相比差异非常显著(P＜0.01). 结论: 严重烧伤早期时不同剂量胰岛素干预可调节血清促炎/抗炎性细胞因子水平,减轻伤后机体的炎症反应,当血糖控制在正常范围时其作用最为明显.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.