单纯性超重和肥胖人群血清betatrophin水平的变化

目的 探讨单纯性超重和肥胖人群血清betatrophin水平的变化及其与各代谢参数的关系.方法 随机选取内分泌科及体检中心就诊的超重或肥胖者43例,正常体重者42例,收集相关临床资料,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清betatrophin及脂联素(APN)水平.结果 超重/肥胖者血清betatrophin水平显著低于正常体重者(P<0.01).血清betatrophin水平与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、APN水平呈正相关,与空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿酸呈负相关(P<0.05).多元逐步回归分析显示空腹胰岛素、APN是血浆betatrophin水平的影响因素(P<0.01).结论 超重/肥胖患者血清betatrophin水平显著降低,与胰岛素水平、脂代谢、APN有关,血清betatrophin或许可为治疗肥胖及代谢综合征提供线索.     

初发2型糖尿病患者体重指数、C-反应蛋白、胰岛素抵抗的相关研究

目的:探讨初发2型糖尿病患者的体重指数、C-反应蛋白与胰岛素敏感性的关系。方法:对180例初发2型糖尿患者测定身高、体重、空腹血糖、C-反应蛋白、空腹胰岛素,计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛B细胞功能(HOMA-B)。结果:初发2型糖尿患者超重肥胖组(超重组)C-反应蛋白较正常体重组(对照组)明显升高,超重肥胖组HOMA-IR、HOMA-B较体重正常组明显升高,而ISI则下降。结论:超重肥胖的初发2型糖尿患者胰岛素抵抗明显,B细胞分泌能力增加,正常体重者B细胞功能减低,C-反应蛋白水平升高与体重、胰岛素抵抗有关,炎性反应、胰岛素抵抗与2型糖尿病的发生与发展有关。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血浆TNFα、sTNFR2水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性

[目的]探讨血浆肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体Ⅱ(sTNFR2)与多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者胰岛素抵抗和血清雄激素(T)水平的相互关系.[方法]PCOS患者和对照者根据体重指数(BMI)分为PCOS肥胖组(21例)、PCOS非肥胖组(25例)、肥胖对照组和非肥胖对照组,各25例,采用ELISA法测定血浆TNFα、sTNFR2水平,化学发光法测定血清性激素6项,已糖激酶终点法测定血清葡萄糖浓度,时间分辨免疫分析法测定血清胰岛素浓度,按Cederholm的方法计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI).[结果]①PCOS肥胖组血浆TNFα和sTNFR2水平及PCOS非肥胖组血浆sTNFR2水平均较非肥胖对照组明显升高,且以肥胖者升高更为明显.②血浆TNFα与其ISI在PCOS肥胖组和肥胖对照组均呈负相关(P＜0.05).③血浆sTNFR2与其ISI在PCOS肥胖组、PCOS非肥胖组和肥胖对照组均呈负相关(P＜0.05).[结论]PCOS肥胖组血浆TNFα和sTNFR2水平及PCOS非肥胖组血浆sTNFR2水平均较非肥胖对照组明显升高,且与其ISI呈负相关,提示二者可能与PCOS患者发生胰岛素抵抗有关.     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清RBP4水平与β细胞功能的相关性研究

目的 检测多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)浓度,并探讨其与β细胞功能的关系. 方法 25例正常体重的PCOS患者(正常体重组)、14例超重或肥胖的PCOS患者(超重/肥胖组)与13例健康成年女性(对照组)按年龄匹配,测定空腹血清RBP4,且行Botnia高胰岛素-正糖钳夹术及相关激素测定. 结果 与对照组比较,PCOS正常体重组与超重/肥胖组血清RBP4含量(7.73±5.96 vs. 11.06±7.03 vs.12.81±6.21μg/ml, P＝0.021)明显增加,但后两组之间血清RBP4无显著差异;RBP4与静脉葡萄糖耐量试验β细胞指数(IVGTT-β: 反映β细胞功能)呈正相关(r＝0.309, P＝0.028),与胰岛素钳夹M值(M值: 反映胰岛素敏感程度)呈负相关(r＝-0.362, P＝0.008);多元回归分析发现,仅RBP4是β细胞指数的独立危险因子(r 2＝0.095,f＝5.160,P＝0.028). 结论 PCOS患者血清RBP4水平明显上升且与β细胞胰岛素分泌增加显著相关,这提示RBP4很可能是加重PCOS患者β细胞功能负荷的因素之一.     

高血压超重或肥胖与血浆内皮素一氧化氮的关系探讨

目的:研究高血压患者中超重或肥胖因素对内皮素、一氧化氮的影响。方法:选取高血压患者60例,正常血压对照组32例。根据体重指数将60例高血压患者分为超重或肥胖组(体重指数≥24)和正常体重组(体重指数<24)。采清晨空腹静脉血,测量血浆内皮素和一氧化氮含量。用SPSS统计软件对测定的结果进行统计学处理。结果:高血压组血浆内皮素浓度、一氧化氮浓度较正常对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05);超重或肥胖组血浆内皮素和一氧化氮浓度较正常体重组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:超重或肥胖的高血压患者血浆内皮素和一氧化氮浓度较正常体重高血压患者有显著性差异,说明超重或肥胖对高血压患者内皮功能有明显影响。     

瘦素在胰岛素增敏剂治疗多囊卵巢综合征中的相关研究

目的:观察胰岛素增敏剂罗格列酮治疗前后肥胖和非肥胖的多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者瘦素水平的变化情况.方法:73例PCOS患者分为肥胖组(43例)和非肥胖组(30例).观察罗格列酮治疗前后瘦素水平及相关指标的变化.结果:PCOS组瘦素水平明显高于对照组,治疗前后肥胖组的瘦素水平均高于非肥胖组,PCOS肥胖组治疗后瘦素水平明显下降(P＜0.01),非肥胖组治疗后瘦素水平也有下降(P＜0.05).相关性分析显示血清瘦素水平与体重指数(BBI)呈正相关(P=0.007),与空腹胰岛素(FINS)、LH呈正相关(P=0.028、P=0.041),与高胰岛素正葡萄糖钳夹试验(HGCT)有负相关性(P=0.015).结论:血清瘦素水平是胰岛素增敏剂治疗有效的指标之一.     

纤溶酶原激活系统与多囊卵巢综合征的相关性研究

目的 观察多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者外周血纤溶酶原激活抑制物1(PAI-1)、组织纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)的水平,探讨其与肥胖及胰岛索抵抗的相关性.方法 PCOS组分为肥胖组和正常体重组,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定并比较PCOS组与对照组、PCOS肥胖组与非肥胖组之间的血浆PAI-1及血清t-PA、uPA水平的差异,测定体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素及胰岛素释放试验(IRT),以稳态模型(Homa Model)公式评估胰岛素抵抗(IR).结果 PCOS组与正常对照组相比,黄体生成素/卵泡刺激素(LH/FSH)、睾酮(T)、空腹血糖、HOMA指数及PAI-1含量均显著升高,t-PA含量下降(P<0.05).其中,PCOS肥胖组与非肥胖组相比,HOMA指数及PAI-1含量显著升高(P<0.05).在相关性分析中,PAI-1与HOMA指数、BMI均呈明显正相关(P<0.0001);HOMA指数与BMI之间也明显正相关;t-PA、HOMA指数之间相关性显著(P<0.0001).结论 PAI-1升高可能是高胰岛素血症等代谢紊乱共同作用的结果,是肥胖与胰岛素抵抗的桥梁,PAI-1可作为胰岛素抵抗的评价指标之一.抗PAI-1的研究可能提供一个新的治疗PCOS胰岛素抵抗的方法.     

肥胖的2型糖尿病患者血浆PTP-1B含量与胰岛素抵抗

目的:探讨肥胖的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者体内血浆蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶-1B(PTP-1B)活性含量及其与胰岛素敏感性的关系。方法:受试者分为3组:肥胖的T2DM组(42例),非肥胖的T2DM组(40例)。并设立正常体重对照组(37例)。除体重指数、腰臀比值外,各组间在年龄、性别、种族等因素上均具有可比性。禁食12~14h,空腹静脉取血,测定血中PTP-1B活性含量,血脂(TG),空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹血浆胰岛素(FPI),并计算胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)。结果:血浆PTP-1B活性含量在肥胖组(34.56±3.46pg/ml)明显高于非肥胖组(29.01±4.09pg/ml)和正常体重对照组(27.82±3.17pg/ml);血浆PTP-1B含量与ISI呈显著负相关与空腹三酰甘油水平呈正相关。结论:PTP-1B含量可能与肥胖的T2DM发生有关,血浆中PTP-1B含量升高可能加重肥胖的T2DM患者的胰岛素抵抗。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血小板聚集功能的变化

目的 探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血小板聚集功能的改变以及与胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法 32例PCOS患者(PCOS组)及30例正常妇女(对照组)均测定体质量指数和血清生殖激素水平,并行血小板聚集试验(PagT),同期行简化的口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)及血清胰岛素水平的测定.结果 PCOS组和对照组相比,空腹血糖值无统计学差异(P＞0.05).PCOS组血清黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、空腹血浆胰岛素、HOMA法胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、2 h胰岛素和血小板聚集率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).相关分析显示血小板聚集率与HOMA-IR和2 h胰岛素呈正相关(P＜0.01,r分别为0.76和0.65).结论 PCOS患者血小板聚集率升高与胰岛素抵抗有关;血小板聚集率升高可能是PCOS患者心血管疾病发生率升高的原因之一.     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清游离脂肪酸浓度测定及相关因素分析

目的:观察多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清游离脂肪酸(FFAs)水平变化及相关因素分析.方法:PCOS患者(39例)分为肥胖组(11例)和非肥胖组(28例),对照组为年龄匹配的健康妇女(21例).测定血清FFAs、游离睾酮、雄烯二酮、睾酮、性激素结合球蛋白、TC、TG、HDL-c、LDL-c、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(PPG)、空腹胰岛素及胰岛素敏感性(M值,两步法高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹技术评价).结果:血清FFAs水平在肥胖PCOS组和非肥胖PCOS组之间无明显差别,但均高于对照组(P＜0.05).对所有研究对象的血清FFAs进行相关分析表明FFAs分别与游离睾酮(r=0.464,P=0.001),睾酮(r=0.368,P=0.01),雄烯二酮(r=0.418,P=0.003)和PPG(r=0.334,P=0.014)呈正相关,与M值(r=-0.392,P=0.003)呈负相关.进一步做回归分析表明,FFAs与游离睾酮显著相关(β=0.219,P＜0.05).结论:与年龄相当的健康妇女比较,PCOS妇女血清FFAs水平显著增高,并且FFAs升高与游离睾酮水平升高有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.