温州地区儿童急性呼吸道病毒感染流行特征分析

目的：了解温州地区儿童急性呼吸道感染(acute respiratory infection,ARI)患儿病毒病原感染流行情况,为临床诊断ARI患儿提供病毒病原学依据。 方法: 2012年12月-2013年11月,取温州市儿童医院2813例呼吸道感染住院患儿的鼻咽深部分泌物用直接荧光免疫快速检测7种病毒,包括呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)、腺病毒(adenovirus,ADV)、流感病毒A(influenza virus A,IVA)、流感病毒B(influenza virus B,IVB)、及副流感病毒1、2、3(parainfluenza virus,PIV-1、2、3)。 结果 1)2813例标本中病毒病原检测阳性例数为568例(20.19%),其中RSV检出率最高11.55 %(325/2813)。2)病毒检出率在≤1岁和~3岁组最高。呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、副流感病毒3在各年龄组间病毒检出率比较有显著性差异(χ2=141.01、48.64、46.28,P＜0.01)。3)ARI病原体中检测的7种病毒不同季节检出率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 病毒的检出率与年龄、季节有关系,呼吸道合胞病毒是温州地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的主要病原。     

2006年-2007年2832例急性呼吸道感染患儿病毒免疫球蛋白M抗体检测分析

目的了解2006-2007年盘锦地区急性呼吸道感染(ARI)患儿4种呼吸道病毒感染情况,为儿童ARI的诊断和治疗提供参考。方法选择2382例ARI患儿。其中急性上呼吸道感染185例,下呼吸道感染2197例。采用酶联免疫吸附(ELASA)双抗体夹心法检测血清呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、流感病毒(IV)、副流感病毒(PIV)、及腺病毒(ADV)免疫球蛋白M抗体。结果送检标本阳性1061例,阳性率44.5%。以RSV最高(36.2%),RSV是各年龄组下呼吸道感染的主要病毒病原,所占比例随年龄增加而下降;IV和PIV所占病例随年龄增加而增加。结论病毒病原是2006年1月至2007年12月盘锦地区引起儿童ARI的主要病原,以RSV为主,其次是IV和PIV。     

741例儿童急性呼吸道感染病毒病原学研究

目的了解2003-2004年重庆地区儿童急性呼吸道感染病毒病原在季节、呼吸道疾病、年龄、性别方面的差异,为临床提供相应的治疗和预防措施。方法对741例住院确诊急性呼吸道感染的患儿抽取其鼻咽分泌物,采用直接免疫荧光法检测7种病毒即呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒、副流感病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、流感病毒A、B。结果儿童急性呼吸道感染病毒病原的总阳性率与季节、呼吸道疾病、年龄有关,与性别无关。冬季、毛细支气管炎、29 d至6个月婴幼儿病毒检出率最高,春季、上感、3岁以上儿童病毒检出率最低。在7种感染病毒中,以RSV占首位,阳性率为87.3%,其次递减为副流感病毒Ⅲ、腺病毒、流感病毒A。其中RSV在0~6个月、毛细支气管炎患儿中检出率最高,3岁以上、上感儿童检出率最低;腺病毒常见于夏季、上感、3岁以上、女性儿童;流感病毒A则多见于夏季、上感儿童。结论通过检测儿童呼吸道感染疾病的病毒病原,不仅可对临床提供快速、准确的诊断依据,防止滥用抗生素。对临床表现无特异性者,还可通过季节、疾病、年龄等流行病学资料来鉴别病毒病原,必要时应进行病毒抗体或病毒血清学检查,以便治疗和预防,降低病毒感染率。     

263例急性呼吸道感染住院患儿的病毒病原学分析

目的:探讨无锡地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的病毒病原学特点.方法:采集2006年12月～2007年3月因急性呼吸道感染而住院治疗患儿的鼻咽分泌物,用直接荧光法检测呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)、流感病毒A、B型(IFVA、B)、副流感病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型(PIV Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)共7种病毒抗原.结果:263例患儿鼻咽分泌物中病毒抗原检测阳性共107例,阳性率40.6%;所检病毒依次为呼吸道合胞病毒、流感病毒A型、副流感病毒Ⅲ型、流感病毒B型、副流感病毒I型和腺病毒.呼吸道合孢病毒占所检出抗原阳性病毒的76.6%,喘息性疾病患儿阳性率明显高于支气管肺炎及急性支气管炎患儿(P＜O.01),3岁以下患婴检出阳性率明显高于3岁以上患儿(P＜0.05).结论:本地区急性呼吸道感染住院患儿病毒病原体以RSV为主,喘息性疾病和小年龄组感染率较高.     

云浮地区儿童急性呼吸道感染常见病毒病原学调查

目的了解广东云浮地区急性呼吸道感染(ARI)常见病毒流行病学特点,为临床诊断、治疗及防控提供线索和依据。方法收集2014年1月至2015年12月在我院就诊的2 193例急性呼吸道感染患者鼻咽部拭子标本,采用直接免疫荧光法检测甲型流感病毒(IFA)、乙型流感病毒(IFB)、副流感病毒Ⅰ(PIV1)、副流感病毒Ⅱ(PIV2)、副流感病毒Ⅲ(PIV3)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)7种常见呼吸道病毒感染情况,并进行统计学分析。结果 2 193例标本中,检出呼吸道病毒阳性标本382例(17.42%),其中RSV阳性率最高,为12.18%(267/2 193),其次为IFA(1.37%)和PIV3(1.37%)。不同年龄呼吸道病毒检出率不同,0~月、6~月患儿检出率较高,分别为25.27%和21.26%。不同季节呼吸道病毒检出率不同,冬天最高为30.47%,其次为春天(18.4%),且各季节最主要检出病毒均为RSV。结论2014年1月至2015年12月,云浮地区儿童急性呼吸道感染最主要病毒病原体为RSV,且易在1岁以下婴幼儿中流行,好发于冬春季;随着年龄增长,总体病毒检出率下降,且呈一定的季节性流行。     

儿童急性呼吸道感染病毒检测临床分析

目的了解儿童急性呼吸道感染（ARI）病毒检测的临床特点,为治疗提供依据。方法采集扶风地区2012年10月—2013年10月确诊为急性呼吸道感染512例住院患儿的血标本,采用生物芯片技术检测4种常见呼吸道病毒：呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、腺病毒（ADV）、流感病毒（INFA/B）、副流感病毒（PIVⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）,对临床资料进行统计分析。结果病毒抗原检测结果：共检出病毒感染阳性病例214例,总检出率41.79%,其中RSV检出率为29.10%,ADV检出率为7.42%,INFA/B检出率为3.32%,PIV检出率为1.95%。结论①病毒病原在扶风地区ARI中占有主要地位。②本地区ARI中RSV、ADV感染占有主要地位,INF、PIV感染有散发。     

常见儿童呼吸道病毒感染的病原检测

目的探讨儿童急性呼吸道病毒感染(ARI)的病原分布。方法对1692例ARI住院患儿鼻咽分泌物进行呼吸道病毒检测。结果1692例患儿检测阳性565例(33.4%),所检出的病毒依次为呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)528例(93.5%),副流感病毒3(PIV3)20例(3.5%),腺病毒(ADV)11例(1.9%),流感病毒A(IFVA)4例(0.7%),流感病毒B(IFVB)2例(0.4%)。毛细支气管炎和支气管炎阳性率(47.9%)最高,支气管肺炎和肺炎次之(32.1%)。<6个月和6个月至1岁的患儿感染率较高,1～3岁的患儿检出率次之,>3岁检出率最低。结论RSV是婴幼儿下呼吸道感染最重要的病原菌。     

11744例儿童7项呼吸道病毒抗原检测结果

目的:通过统计分析武汉大学人民医院儿童呼吸道常见病毒的感染率和感染型别与性别、年龄、季节等的关系,为儿童呼吸道病毒感染的诊断与预防提供临床依据。方法:采用直接免疫荧光法对2017年11月1日至2018年10月31日在武汉大学人民医院就诊的11 744例儿童呼吸道感染患者进行腺病毒(ADV)、流感病毒A、B(IFA、IFB)、副流感病毒1、2、3(PIV1、PIV2、PIV3)及呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)7种呼吸道常见病毒抗原检测,并对其结果进行分析。结果:在11 744例患者中病毒感染阳性率为19. 20%,其中ADV 7. 58%、IFA 17. 78%、IFB10. 91%、PIV1 2. 35%、PIV2 1. 55%、PIV3 17. 03%、RSV 42. 48%、混合感染率为0. 31%。其中男、女PIV3感染阳性率差异有统计学意义(P=0. 017),但在其他病毒感染方面差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。各年龄段感染差异具有统计学意义(P<0. 05),0～岁与1～岁年龄段感染病毒的阳性均高于4～岁和7～14岁组,以RSV的感染阳性率最高。7种病毒在春、冬季感染阳性率均高于夏、秋季,差异具有统计学意义(P<0. 05),且冬春季均以RSV感染阳性率最高。结论:RSV是本院儿童呼吸道病毒感染的主要病原体,3岁以下儿童阳性率最高,冬、春季为感染的高发季节。     

小儿肺炎病原学检测分析

目的了解小儿肺炎感染病原学情况.方法用免疫荧光法(IFA)检测113例小儿肺炎患儿血清中的副流感病毒Ⅰ(PIV Ⅰ)、副流感病毒Ⅱ(PIVⅡ)、副流感病毒Ⅲ(PIVⅢ)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、柯萨奇B1病毒(CB1V)、嗜血流感杆菌(HI)、肺炎支原体(MP)和肺炎克雷伯杆菌(KP)8种病原体的特异性IgM抗体.结果113例肺炎病例血清特异性IgM阳性76例,阳性率67.3%,其中RSV 45例,阳性率39.8%,CB1V 32例,阳性率28.3%,PIVⅡ28例,阳性率24.8%,PIVⅢ26例,阳性率23.0%,HI9例,阳性率8.0%,MP 4例,阳性率3.5%,KP 2例,阳性率1.8%,PIV Ⅰ 0例.单纯病毒病原感染61例,感染率54.0%,两种及两种以上病原体混合感染41例,占36.3%.结论病毒仍是小儿肺炎的主要致病病原,其中以RSV阳性率最高,CBV逐渐成为小儿肺炎的主要致病病毒之一.     

306例儿童急性呼吸道感染鼻咽分泌物病毒病原检测

目的:总结2003年春季温州地区306例儿童急性呼吸道感染(ARI)的鼻咽分泌物病毒直接免疫荧光法检测结果,分析比较各个年龄组和各种急性呼吸道疾病的病毒检出情况.方法:选择2003年1月～2003年3月因急性下呼吸道感染而在温州医学院附属育英儿童医院住院治疗的儿童,取其鼻咽分泌物做免疫荧光检测筛查七项呼吸道病毒抗原,分析其结果.结果:306例患儿送检标本,阳性190例(占62.1%).阳性标本中呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)155例(占81.6%)、腺病毒(ADV)4例(占2.1%)、流感病毒A型(ⅣA)5例(占2.6%)、流感病毒B型(ⅣB)2例(占1.1%)、副流感病毒Ⅲ型(PⅣⅢ)19例(占10%)、RSV和ⅣA混合感染3例(占1.6%)、RSV和PⅣⅢ1例(占0.5%)、RSV和PIV 1例(占0.5%).结论:今年春季温州地区引起儿童急性呼吸道感染以RSV为主,RTVIII次之.在各自组别中0～6个月年龄组和毛细支气管炎患儿组的病毒检出率最高,分别为67.1%和70.1%.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.