米诺地尔醇质体中药物含量及包封率的测定

目的 建立米诺地尔醇质体中药物含量及包封率的测定方法.方法 采用低温超速离心法分离游离药物和醇质体,高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测醇质体中游离药物含量和总药量,并计算包封率.结果 米诺地尔在10.0～300.μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9996),标准曲线为:A=25365C+28487;空白回收率在99.6%～101.0%之间.用此方法测定3批米诺地尔醇质体的包封率在61.1%～63.3%之间.结论 该方法操作简单,结果准确,适合于米诺地尔醇质体的含量和包封率的测定.     

芍药苷醇质体含量测定及包封率研究

目的:建立芍药苷醇质体含量及包封率的测定方法。方法:采用注入法制备醇质体,以超速离心法分离醇质体和游离药物,建立HPLC测定芍药苷含量的方法。结果:芍药苷浓度在0.966~4.8μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9997),回收率为97.6%~100.8%,日内及日间精密度均小于1.5%,样品8 h内稳定性良好,平均包封率为81.03%。结论:该方法准确可靠方便快捷,可用于芍药苷醇质体中药物含量及包封率的测定。     

HPLC测定20(S)-原人参二醇脂质体的含量及包封率

摘要:目的:建立测定20(S)-原人参二醇脂质体的含量及包封率的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定20(S)-原人参二醇的浓度,色谱柱:Zorbax 80A Extend C18柱(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm);流动相:乙腈-水（85∶5）;流速:1.0 mL?min-1;检测波长:203 nm。采用微柱离心法分离20(S)-原人参二醇脂质体和游离药物。结果:20(S)-原人参二醇与其他组分分离良好,线性范围10.00～160.00 μg?mL-1 (r＝1.000 0),回收率为99.0％～l00.8％,日内精密度≤0.83%及日间精密度≤1.05%。微柱离心法能完全分离20(S)-原人参二醇脂质体和游离药物。结论:方法准确、简便,可用于20(S)-原人参二醇脂质体含量及包封率的测定。      

固相萃取-荧光分光光度法快速测定脂质体包封率

以紫杉醇作为模型药物,旨在建立一种固相萃取-荧光分光光度法快速测定脂质体包封率的方法。分别采用水和75%甲醇对SampliQ C18固相萃取柱上的紫杉醇脂质体及其游离态进行洗脱分离,并在激发波长λex=244 nm、发射波长λem=311 nm条件下,利用荧光分光光度法测定游离紫杉醇的含量,从而间接计算紫杉醇脂质体的包封率。在本文建立的方法下,紫杉醇在0.006～0.078 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=0.998),C18固相萃取柱对空白脂质体和游离紫杉醇的回收率均在97.5%以上。该方法测得自制紫杉醇脂质体包封率为50.8%(RAD=1.5%),与微柱离心法测得结果相比无显著性差异。实验结果表明,本方法可快速、简便地实现游离紫杉醇与其脂质体的分离测定,为脂质体的质量控制研究提供参考。     

淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ纳米脂质体的制备及包封率测定方法研究（英文）

目的制备淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ纳米脂质体并探索其包封率表征方法。方法薄膜分散法制备淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ脂质体,Sephadex LH-20微柱-HPLC法测定包封率。分别加磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS,p H=7.4）和甲醇离心,将脂质体和游离的淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ分离。包封的药物浓度用HPLC法测定,色谱柱为TSKgel ODS C₁₈,（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,柱温30℃,流动相为乙腈:水=55:45（体积比）,流速1 m L/min,检测波长270 nm。结果制备的淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ脂质体包封率为:95.6%,粒径:86.7 nm,淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ脂质体胶体溶液经Sephadex LH-20微柱吸附后在相对离心力45 g,PBS离心洗脱7次能够实现脂质体与游离药物的完全分离。结论 Sephadex LH-20微柱离心-HPLC法可用于测定淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ纳米脂质体的包封率,通过薄膜分散法可制备包封率高、粒径较小的淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ纳米脂质体。     

盐酸伊立替康脂质体包封率的测定

目的：建立测定盐酸伊立替康脂质体包封率的方法。方法：通过微柱离心分离盐酸伊立替康脂质体和游离药物,以HPLC法测定药物含量,计算包封率。结果：Sephadex G-50微型柱可完全吸附盐酸伊立替康游离药物,空白脂质体回收率为98.2%～100.7%,脂质体和游离药物得到良好的分离;在选定色谱条件下,辅料不干扰测定,盐酸伊立替康质量浓度在1.1～10.6mg/L范围内线性关系良好（r=0.9997）,日内和日间精密度（RSD）均〈2%,加样回收率为97.6%～100.7%。结论：微柱离心-HPLC法可用于盐酸伊立替康脂质体包封率的测定。     

超滤离心法测定柚皮素非离子表面活性剂囊泡的包封率

目的 为解决柚皮素溶解度低、不易定量测定的问题，建立一种测定柚皮素非离子表面活性剂囊泡(naringenin niosomes, Nar-Nio)包封率的方法。方法 采用超滤离心法分离Nar-Nio和游离柚皮素(naringenin, Nar),并通过高效液相色谱仪测定包载Nar和游离Nar含量，计算包封率。通过单因素实验进行Nar-Nio处方优化，使用该法平行测定3批Nar-Nio的包封率和载药量。结果 柚皮素在0.5～100μg/ml范围内峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系(R²=0.999 9)。日内及日间精密度RSD均小于2%。超滤膜吸附率、加样处理回收率以及超滤加样回收率在98%～102%之间。Nar-Nio的最佳处方和工艺为柚皮素3 mg, Span-60质量24 mg,胆固醇16 mg,水化介质体积15 ml,水化温度60℃,搅拌速度800 r/min,搅拌时间60 min。使用该法平行测定3批Nar-Nio,平均包封率和载药量分别为81.23%和1.88%。结论 超滤离心法重复性好、准确度高、操作方便，能够较好分离游离药物，可用于Nar-Nio包封率的测定...     

凝胶过滤法和离心法测定盐酸川芎嗪脂质体包封率比较

目的：比较凝胶过滤法和离心法测定盐酸川芎嗪脂质体包封率。方法：用葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex G-50装柱,分离盐酸川芎嗪脂质体和游离药物;另外用转速为15000r/min的高速离心机分离脂质体和游离药物,HPLC法测定盐酸川芎嗪药物浓度,计算包封率。结果：两种测定包封率的方法结果一致,没有显著性的差异（P〉0.05）。结论：可用离心法代替凝胶过滤法方便快速地测定盐酸川芎嗪脂质体包封率。     

蜂毒素脂质体质量评价方法的研究

目的:考察蜂毒素脂质体包封率的测定方法和游离药物的含量测定方法,对蜂毒素脂质体进行质量评价。方法:对于游离蜂毒素的含量测定,比较了单波长考马斯亮蓝法、双波长考马斯亮蓝法、福林-酚法、二喹啉甲酸法及高效液相色谱法等5种含量测定方法。对于蜂毒素脂质体包封率测定,筛选了透析法及超滤-离心法。结果:在吸收度及线性均良好的情况下,双波长考马斯亮蓝法可用于测定蜂毒素脂质体包封率时游离蜂毒素的含量,检测范围为0.5~25.0μg/mL,范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9996。脂质体包封率测定采用超滤离心法,游离药物的平均回收率在95.75%~98.30%之间,脂质体不能透过截留相对分子质量为105的超滤膜。采用超滤离心法结合双波长考马斯亮蓝法测定3批蜂毒素脂质体的包封率为(91.45±0.83)%,RSD小于1%。结论:该方法可用于蜂毒素脂质体的质量评价。     

超滤离心法测定银杏内酯B纳米结构脂质载体包封率

目的 建立超滤离心法测定银杏内酯B（ginkgolide B,GB）纳米结构脂质载体（nanostructured lipid carrier,NLC）包封率的方法,以便对GB-NLC处方进行优化。方法 利用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备GB-NLC,在电镜下观察其微观形态,用纳米激光粒度仪测定其粒径和Zeta电位。建立超滤离心测定包封率方法,分离载药NLC与游离GB,采用LC-MS/MS测定包载GB或游离GB含量,并计算包封率。结果 制得GB-NLC外观圆整,平均粒径和电位分别为（173.10±5.84）nm和（－27.47±0.40）mV;超滤离心法测得包封率为（61.97±1.03）%。结论 超滤离心法准确、快捷,适合作为GB-NLC包封率的测定方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.