反相高效液相色谱法测定红辣椒粉中苏丹红染料的研究

目的研究反相高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的优化条件,为检测食品中苏丹红提供依据。方法反相高效液相色谱法。结果在本文设定的条件下,各苏丹红染料均在0~20μg/m l范围内线性良好(r=0.9997-0.9999),样品加标回收试验的相对标准偏差RSD(%)为1.7~8.9,回收率为91.5%~101%,检测限为10μg/kg。结论本方法适合测定红辣椒粉中的苏丹红染料。     

液-质联用法同时测定食品中罗丹明B和苏丹红染料

目的:建立同时测定食品中非法添加的罗丹明B和苏丹红工业染料的液相色谱-串联离子阱质谱法。方法:样品经正己烷提取、中性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化后,以甲醇(A)和1%甲酸(B)为流动相经BioBasic-18 PIONEER柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)梯度洗脱分离,串联离子阱质谱在电喷雾电离正离子(ESI+)-全扫描(full)-二级质谱(MS/MS)模式下测定罗丹明B和苏丹红含量。结果:方法的线性范围:罗丹明B0 ng/ml～20 ng/ml,苏丹红0 ng/ml～100 ng/ml,r≥0.992。方法的定性检出限为:罗丹明B与苏丹红I、II、III、IV分别为0.1μg/kg、0.5μg/kg、5.0μg/kg、2.0μg/kg、2.0μg/kg。罗丹明B与苏丹红在3种基质高、低两个浓度水平的加标回收率85.2%～109.5%,精密度<20%。结论:本方法灵敏、准确,可用于食品中罗丹明B和苏丹红等非法添加的工业染料的同时测定及确证。     

RP-HPLC同时测定辣椒油中苏丹红Ⅰ～Ⅳ

目的:采用RP-HPLC法建立辣椒油中苏丹红Ⅰ～Ⅳ含量的测定方法。方法:辣椒油样品经提取、净化后,以所选流动相梯度洗脱,在波长480 nm(苏丹红Ⅰ)和520 nm(苏丹红Ⅱ,苏丹红Ⅲ,苏丹红Ⅳ),柱温35℃,流速1.00 ml/min色谱条件下进行测定。结果:苏丹红Ⅰ～Ⅳ在0.32μg/ml～8.00μg/ml时具有良好的线性,相关系数均为0.9999;加标回收率在87.9%～100.5%,相对标准偏差在0.90%～2.07%;苏丹红Ⅰ～Ⅳ的检出限分别为4.0μg/kg,5.0μg/kg,5.5μg/kg和4.5μg/kg。结论:该方法操作简单,准确性高,易于操作,能够满足实际检测的需要。     

LC/MS/MS法分析食品中微量苏丹红I、II、III、IV

目的:建立快速、准确、高灵敏度的测定食品中苏丹红I、II、III、IV的分析方法。方法:采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸进行梯度洗脱,流速0.3 ml/min,采用C18柱分离,以多反应监测(MRM)方式进行检测,分析时间仅为5 min。苏丹红I、II、III、IV用于定量分析的离子分别为m/z249→93、277→120、353→197、381→224。结果:苏丹红I、II、III、IV的线性范围分别为1.1616~290.4、1.2608~315.2、1.184~296.0、1.1664~291.6 ng/ml,25份食品中有3份检出苏丹红I、II、III、IV含量超过50μg/kg,其余检出均微量。结论:此方法选择性强,灵敏度高,可作为含各种辣椒的食品中苏丹红I、II、III、IV的有效分析检测方法。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中的金橙Ⅱ和苏丹红Ⅰ～Ⅳ

[目的]建立同时测定食品中的金橙Ⅱ和苏丹红Ⅰ～Ⅳ的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)。[方法]食品中的金橙Ⅱ和苏丹红Ⅰ～Ⅳ经乙醇提取后用反相高效液相色谱—二极管阵列检测器(DAD)测定。[结果]该方法中的5种色素均能实现有效分离,并在0.2～1 000μg/ml范围呈良好的线性关系;相对标准差小于5%;平均回收率为:金橙Ⅱ76.5%～116.0%,苏丹红Ⅰ85.9%～114.8%,苏丹红Ⅱ90.3%～116.7%,苏丹红Ⅲ78.1%～114.7%,苏丹红Ⅳ79.5%～117.0%;最低检出浓度为:金橙Ⅱ0.04 mg/kg,苏丹红Ⅰ0.04 mg/kg,苏丹红Ⅱ0.07 mg/kg,苏丹红Ⅲ0.05 mg/kg,苏丹红Ⅳ0.08 mg/kg。[结论]该方法能有效去除其他组分的干扰,并具有很高的精密度和准确度,能同时测定食品中的金橙Ⅱ和苏丹红Ⅰ～Ⅳ5种禁用色素。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定食品中苏丹红1、2、3、4的方法研究

目的：高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中苏丹红1、2、3、4。方法：色谱柱为C18柱，以0．1％醋酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱，流速1．0mL／min，紫外-可见光二级管阵列检测器。结果：该方法苏丹红的线性范围均为0．5～20μg／ml，相关系数均为0．999以上(n=5)；最低检出限为0．02μg／ml；回收率均为97．6％～104％。结论：该方法操作简便，是食品中苏丹红的快速而准确的检测方法。     

226份涉红涉辣食品中苏丹红Ⅰ含量的检测结果分析

[目的]对涉红、涉辣食品进行苏丹红Ⅰ检测,了解该食品中苏丹红Ⅰ含量,并提出处理方案。[方法]在9个设区市餐饮业、集体食堂随机抽取226份样品,以反相高效液相色谱进行测定。[结果]226份食品中检出苏丹红Ⅰ阳性样品10份,苏丹红Ⅰ检出范围为0.36~3.43 mg/kg,检出率为4.4%,检出限为0.1 mg/kg。[结论]食品中违法添加苏丹红Ⅰ目前已经蔓延到全国,要加强整顿,惩戒违法行为,增强企业的自我约束力。     

凝胶渗透色谱净化-高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定食品中9种偶氮类染料

目的建立凝胶渗透色谱净化-高效液相色谱串联质谱法,对食品中的苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ、苏丹橙G、苏丹红G、苏丹黑B、苏丹红7B和奶油黄9种偶氮类工业染料进行检测。方法采用环己烷-乙酸乙酯溶液对样品进行提取,通过凝胶渗透色谱系统(GPC)对样品提取液进行净化,浓缩后采用高效液相色谱串联质谱仪检测,外标法定量。结果 9种化合物线性范围为5μg/kg~150μg/kg,线性关系良好,检出限为5μg/kg。在熟肉制品(红肠)中,9种偶氮染料的回收率为70.1%~116.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均10%;在水产制品(茄汁鱼罐头)中,9种偶氮染料的回收率为71.5%~114.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均10%。结论样品提取液经凝胶渗透色谱系统(GPC)净化后,基质干扰明显降低,检测灵敏度提高,且重现性好,能够对食品中的苏丹红Ⅰ等9种偶氮类工业染料进行准确定量分析,同时能够通过离子丰度比排除其他干扰,避免出现假阳性的误判。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定痕量苏丹红I

目的:建立了反相高效液相色谱法测定痕量苏丹红I的新方法。方法:以四氢呋喃-酸性水溶液为流动相,紫外检测器测定。结果:在0.20~100.00μg/ml浓度范围内色谱峰面积与苏丹红I的浓度有良好的线性关系,回归方程为A=5.7414C+0.565,相关系数r=0.9997,检出限为82 ng/ml,测定下限为0.20μg/ml,RSD为0.48%~4.34%(m=6,n=11),加标回收率为98.07%~99.85%。结论:实验在国标法的基础上改进了样品处理方法和流动相,样品处理简单,流动相简单且毒性小,线性范围广,准确性好,灵敏度高,应用于辣椒粉样品中苏丹红I的检测,结果准确。     

LC5500高效液相色谱仪测定食品中苏丹红

苏丹红系工业用偶氮染料。毒理学研究证实其具有致癌性。近年来诸多报道披露了一些不法商家在辣味食品中加入了苏丹红。它严重地危害了消费者的身体健康。该食品安全问题已引起国内外舆论的普遍关注。目前,食品中苏丹红测定,国内外多采用高效液相色谱法[1,2]。我们采用LC5500高效液相色谱仪进行了食品中苏丹红测定的应用研究,并进行了样品测定。其灵敏度高,最低检测浓度达0·01μg/kg,稳定性好,苏丹红测定的保留时间相对标准偏差为0·86%~2·94%,峰面积相对标准偏差为0·96%~1·62%;梯度洗脱基线平直,无漂移,噪声低。样品回收率达75%~90%。…     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.