成人寰椎后弓部分结构测量及意义

目的　获得成人寰椎后弓部分解剖参数,为后弓内固定钉板系统的设计提供依据。 方法　对60名成人（男30,女30）寰椎三维CT及40具干燥寰椎标本进行测量,测量指标有后结节中央及距中央5、10、15 mm处高度（矢状面垂直距离）及厚度（轴位垂直距离）、后弓水平面夹角、内侧面椎动脉沟半距、外侧面椎动脉沟半距,比较CT测量数据与标本测量数据有无差异。 结果　CT测量：后结节中央高度为（9.48±0.95）mm,厚度为（7.80±1.60）mm,后弓夹角为（130.70±12.31)°,内侧面椎动脉沟半距为（11.08±1.28）mm,外侧面椎动脉沟半距为（20.13±1.53）mm;标本测量：后结节中央高度为（9.97±2.18）mm,厚度为（7.44±1.32）mm,后弓夹角为（135.07±9.59）°,内侧面椎动脉沟半距为（11.33±0.52）mm,外侧面椎动脉沟半距为（20.86±0.84）mm。CT测得内、外侧面椎动脉沟半距均小于标本测得数据,且差异有统计学意义。 结论　CT资料可较好反映实体的解剖特征,解剖学测量可为临床实践提供有力参考。     

两种寰椎侧块螺钉固定方法的可行性比较

背景：寰椎侧块螺钉固定技术按其入钉点的不同可分为寰椎后弓下侧块螺钉固定和经寰椎后弓侧块螺钉固定(又称寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定),这2种固定方法各有优缺点,以往缺乏关于2种寰椎侧块螺钉固定方法骨性解剖可行性的比较研究, 目的：以测量国人寰椎相关骨性解剖数据为依据,比较2种寰椎侧块螺钉固定方法的可行性。 方法：收集30例(60侧)成人颈椎病患者的寰椎螺旋CT扫描数据,利用CT工作站对数据重建,分别测量寰椎侧块螺钉固定的关键骨性解剖数据,适合行经寰椎后弓侧块螺钉固定的标准为寰椎椎动脉沟处后弓高度和宽度≥ 4 mm;适合行经寰椎后弓下侧块螺钉固定的标准为寰椎后弓下侧块高度≥ 4 mm。 结果与结论：寰椎椎动脉沟处后弓高度为(4.54±1.17) mm,椎动脉沟处后弓宽度为(8.69±1.12) mm,寰椎后弓下侧块高度为(4.98±1.07) mm。寰椎后弓椎动脉沟高度大于4 mm(适合经寰椎后弓螺钉固定组)有41侧,占68%;寰椎后弓下侧块高度大于4 mm(适合经寰椎后弓下侧块螺钉固定)有52侧,占87%,2组差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。提示经寰椎后弓下侧块螺钉固定较经寰椎椎弓根螺钉更具可行性。术前利用CT测量寰椎关键解剖结构数据对制定个性化手术方案具有重要意义。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

Anatomic study of the suboccipital artery of Salmon with surgical significance

The anatomy of the muscular branches of the vertebral arteries has clinical relevance during surgical procedures, suboccipital injections, and manual therapies. Each vertebral artery is divided into four segments. Segment V3, found in the suboccipital triangle, courses posteromedially around the lateral mass to lie in a groove on the posterior arch of the atlas, ultimately coursing beneath the posterior atlanto‐occipital membrane to enter the skull. Although not always present, any muscular branch that emanates from this segment to supply the suboccipital muscles is called the suboccipital artery of Salmon. There is a paucity of literature on this artery despite its clinical relevancy. We found the suboccipital artery of Salmon in 10 (67%) of 15 embalmed adult cadavers. This frequency is considerably higher than that in previous reports. Two (20%) of the 10 cadavers demonstrated bilateral and symmetrical suboccipital arteries of Salmon (one artery on each side). Four (40%) of the 10 cadavers had an arrangement of two parallel suboccipital arteries of Salmon on one side, and one on the contralateral side. Three (30%) of the 10 cadavers displayed an asymmetrical unilateral arrangement (only one artery). One (10%) of the 10 cadavers displayed the unique arrangement of three arteries of Salmon on one side and one artery on the contralateral side. This study adds to a limited, but growing, body of knowledge by providing photographic evidence of the course and arrangement of these arteries and, therefore, can be of value to surgeons and other clinicians whose procedures focus on the suboccipital region. Clin. Anat. 23:798–802, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

颈部三维CT血管成像在寰椎后路固定术中的应用

背景：寰枢椎后路内固定融合是治疗上颈椎病变的常用手术方式,此处解剖结构复杂多变,损伤椎动脉的案例时有报道。 目的：观察正常人上颈椎三维CT血管图像,研究寰椎后弓的解剖结构及伴行椎动脉的走形特点,为寰椎后路置钉提供解剖学依据。 方法：纳入椎动脉显影良好且寰枢椎无明显病变者400例,利用原始资料进行容积重建,同时配合分离、融合、透明和伪彩等图像处理技术,在三维图像上观察椎动脉寰枕段的走行及变异,测量寰椎与后路置钉相关的解剖数据。 结果与结论：400例头颈部三维CT血管图像清晰,满足要求。椎动脉寰枕段的行程弯曲,走形典型者385例,变异15例,共18侧。固定第一阶段动脉11侧,窗式椎动脉6侧,异常起源的小脑后下动脉1侧;椎动脉沟环48例,其中10例为双侧,共58侧。椎动脉沟底的后弓是钉道最薄弱部分,左右侧比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。说明寰椎后弓及其伴行椎动脉常存在变异,给寰椎后路置钉带来不确定因素,三维CT血管图像可以清楚地显示两者的解剖结构,置入前充分了解这些数据,可以制定准确的手术方案,提高手术的安全性。      

寰椎后路椎弓根螺钉固定的解剖可行性研究

目的：探讨寰椎后路椎弓根螺钉固定的可行性。方法：利用50例干燥寰椎标本，电子游标卡尺测量其侧块中部、椎弓根以及后弓的宽度和高度。结果：寰椎侧块中部的宽度和高度分别是12．78mm和12．95mm；寰椎椎弓根的宽度和高度分别是8．57mm和5．83mm；椎动脉沟下方寰椎后弓的宽度为8．46mm，该部内侧1／3和外侧1／3的高度分别是3．88mm和4．25mm。结论：进行寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定是可行的，其决定因素是椎动脉沟处的寰椎后弓高度。     

寰枢椎后方结构解剖学研究及临床意义

目的 测量寰枢椎后方结构相关数据,为设计寰枢椎后路内固定系统提供解剖学依据。 方法 测量30例寰椎和枢椎骨标本、50例男性和50例女性CT寰枢椎后方结构相关数据,分别比较骨标本、CT图像测量指标的侧别及性别统计学差异,比较骨标本数据和CT数据统计学差异。 结果 骨标本测得后中线处高（10.75±1.38）mm、厚（8.55±1.77）mm,内、外侧后中线到两侧椎动脉沟内侧缘距离分别为（13.45±0.73）mm、（20.28±2.20）mm,内、外侧缘后弓夹角分别为（141.00±3.43）°、（134.67±2.87）°。CT测量后中线处高（10.45±1.61）mm、厚（8.12±1.57）mm,内、外侧后中线到两侧椎动脉沟内侧缘距离分别为（13.60±1.26）mm、（20.48±2.05）mm,内、外侧缘后弓夹角分别为（141.23±9.64）°、（135.47±9.02）°,后弓外侧缘半径（26.77±2.14）mm,枢椎板斜率（58.34±7.60）°,寰椎后弓下缘至枢椎棘突上缘高（19.07±2.73）mm,寰枢椎后间隙高（6.83±2.01）mm。CT数据大部分性别差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。骨标本和CT数据左右侧差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。骨标本与CT数据差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 寰枢椎后方骨性结构解剖特征较为固定;CT能较好地反映该特征;本研究可为寰枢椎后路内固定系统设计提供解剖学依据。     

Posterior Arch of Atlas with Abnormal Foramina in South Indians

Atlas is the first cervical vertebra with a groove for the vertebral artery on the posterior arch. We found an abnormal foramina on the posterior arch. The size of the foramina were measured by sliding caliper. The vertebral artery is vulnerable to compression in its course between foramen transversarium and the foramen magnum during extreme rotation of the head and neck. This situation may be aggravated by the presence of posterior or lateral bridge of the Atlas and result in compromised blood flow. The incidence of the bony ring formed by posterior bridging has been demonstrated in Atlases of various races across the world, which varies between 1.875% to 29.2%. In an examination of twenty eight South Indian Atlases it was found in 10.7% of the cases. The presence of this bony bridging should be taken in to account during a surgical manipulation of the cervical spine.     

寰椎测量及临床意义

目的：为临床、科研及国人体质调查提供寰椎的数据。方法：用卡尺对１８０例干燥寰椎标本进行了测量。结果：得出了椎动脉沟出现的２７例椎动脉环沟、椎动脉沟半距、椎弓、寰椎前后结节、寰椎后弓、侧块以及椎弓夹角等的数据。结论：寰椎后弓手术暴露范围一定要适当，诊断“沟环症”应慎重。     

寰椎的解剖学测量及其临床意义

目的　探讨寰椎因素致椎 基底动脉供血不足的发病机制及手术切开横突孔减压提供解剖学依据。方法　在5 0例中国成年人干燥寰椎标本上 ,对具有临床意义的数据进行解剖学测量。结果　寰椎横突孔与椎动脉沟的成角左侧为(6 7 87± 5 39)°,右侧为 (6 9 84± 4 5 5 )° ;椎动脉沟绕寰椎侧块成角 :左侧为 (6 2 4 6± 4 6 6 )°,右侧为 (6 3 6 1± 2 31)°。寰椎横突孔前壁厚度 :左侧为 (2 96± 0 5 4 )mm ,右侧为 (3 2 1± 0 4 0 )mm。横突孔后壁厚度 :左侧为 (2 2 8± 0 5 7)mm ,右侧为 (2 0 2± 0 2 6 )mm。以上数据左、右侧比较差异无显著性。结论　椎动脉行经在寰椎横突孔与椎动脉沟内时 ,在骨性结构上有明显的两个成角 ,即横突孔与椎动脉沟的成角和椎动脉沟绕过侧块的成角 ,椎动脉的这两个成角增加了血液循环的阻力 ,同时在头颈部旋转运动时 ,椎动脉与骨性成角间更加贴近 ,这两个成角与椎 基底动脉供血不足的发生有关。寰椎横突孔后壁较前壁薄 ,此数据可作炒寰椎横突孔后壁切开减压时手术参考依据     

Anatomy and prevalence of atlas vertebrae bridges in a Kenyan population: An osteological study

Atlas bridges are bony outgrowths over the third segment of the vertebral artery. They may exist as incipient, incomplete, or complete bridges, converting the groove into a deep sulcus, incomplete, or complete foramen respectively. These bridges and their associated foramina display bilateral and sex differences in their prevalence and type. Occurrence of these bridges may predispose to vertebrobasilar insufficiency and Barre–Lieou syndrome. The coexistence of lateral and posterior bridges as well as side predilection is not clear in either sex. Their relative occurrence may also point to some evolutionary patterns. We studied the prevalence, side predilection, coexistence, and anatomical features of atlas bridges using 102 dry atlases (49 males and 53 females) obtained from the osteology department of the National Museums of Kenya. Complete posterior bridges occurred in 14.7% and 13.7% on the right and left sides, respectively. A lateral bridge was found in 3.9% of cases on the right side only. There was positive correlation in the coexistence of the bridges. A retrotransverse foramen was found in 13% of cases. This study has found that posterior and lateral atlas bridges occur in association especially on the right side. Complete bridges were more prevalent in females and were more often present on the right side. This pattern seems to mirror the sexual predilection of vertebral artery compression syndromes. Gender roles may have an influence on the occurrence of these bridges and therefore the syndromes as well. Clin. Anat. 23:649–653, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

寰椎的测量及临床应用意义

目的测量国人寰椎骨,为寰椎螺钉设计和内固定提供解剖学依据。方法用游标卡尺和量角器测量55例干燥的成人寰椎标本的相关参数,包括寰椎侧块的长度、侧块中间宽度、侧块中间厚度、侧块外侧缘中点高度、侧块内侧缘中点高度、寰椎侧块的内倾角、寰椎侧块的上倾角、侧块后下缘的宽度和高度、寰椎前弓与侧块交接处高度和厚度;横突孔的前后径和左右径;椎动脉沟宽度和高度;椎动脉沟底骨质最薄处宽度和高度等等,并进行统计学分析。结果寰椎侧块长（23．29±1．47）mm,侧块中间宽（11．13±1．17）mm,侧块中间厚（13．33±1．40）mm,侧块外侧缘中点高（19．18±1．61）mm,侧块内侧缘中点高（10．45士1．46）mm;寰椎侧块的内倾角（19．95±3．32）。寰椎侧块的上倾角（24．53±2．31）。;侧块后下缘宽（9．64±0．94）mm,侧块后下缘高（4．275=0．63）mm;前弓与侧块交接处高（11．05±1．12）mm,前弓与侧块交接处厚（4．82±0．65）mm;横突孔的前后径（7．30±0．89）mm,横突孔的左右径（5．90±0．78）mm椎动脉沟宽（8．40±0．58）mm,椎动脉沟高（6．38±0．79）mm椎动脉沟底骨质最薄处宽（7．25±1．27）mm,椎动脉沟底骨质最薄处高（4．16±0．83）mm。以上数据左、右侧比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论测得55例寰椎骨数据,寰椎侧块和寰椎椎弓根具备实行内固定的条件。     

人体颈椎椎弓的营养孔和营养动脉

1.观察了351个成人颈椎干骨(C_237、C_(3～5)196、C_639、C_779)椎弓营养孔的数目、大小、方向和位置。椎弓外面的营养孔以单孔多见,占64.96％,平均口径为0.34mm。指向椎弓根,多位于距峡部中线后方3～6mm范围的椎板中部。椎弓内面的营养孔为单孔者占47.01％,平均口径为0.26mm。指向后,集中于距椎弓根与椎板连线0～3mm范围的椎板中部。 2.用解剖、透明法,观察了20具不同年龄新鲜尸体颈椎椎弓的营养动脉。椎弓外面营养动脉发自颈深动脉;内面营养动脉发自椎动脉脊后支的升支和脊中间支的后根支。在每一椎弓的左、右侧半内,以1支营养动脉多见。它分成短而较细的前支和长而粗的后支。前支发出分支供应上、下关节突、横突和椎弓根;后支发支供应椎板和棘突。营养动脉在骨内的形态、走行和分布与骨化过程关系密切。 3.骨膜动脉从椎弓外面进入,在儿童和成人的椎管面,未见到此种小支的存在。     

Cadaveric morphometric anatomy of C-1 vertebra in relation to lateral mass screw placement

Background  The increasing use of lateral mass screw placements for atlanto-axial arthrodesis has made it necessary to have a detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the C-1 vertebra for optimal placement of the screws. Methods  In the present study, morphometeric analysis was performed on 54 dry C-1 vertebrae. Measurements were taken by a digital caliper to define the working area available for screw fixation. Results  The mean height of the entry point was critical for determining the screw diameter and was found to be 3.55 mm. Most specimens were found to be adequate to accept 3 mm diameter screws. The means of the minimum and maximum screw lengths were measured as 15.31 and 23.67 mm. Again, most specimens would accept a screw of 22 mm length. The mean distance from the lateral edge of the screw entry zone to nearest edge of the transverse foramina was 2.11 mm, while the mean of the shortest distance from the entry zone to the vertebral artery groove was 4.93 mm. Conclusions  A 3 mm diameter screw with a length of 22 mm would be acceptable in most C-1 vertebrae. The vertebral artery is relatively safe during screw placement. Additional space may be gained by drilling the posterior arch as well as by mobilizing the vertebral artery. The lateral mass of the atlas is anatomically ideally suited for screw fixation to achieve C1–C2 arththrodesis.     

The incidence of the lateral bridge of the atlas vertebra

The vertebral artery, in its course from the subclavian artery to the basilar artery, is vulnerable to damage or distortion from external factors such as bony, ligamentous or muscular structures (Mehalic & Farhat, 1974; Parkin et al. 1978; Schellhas et al. 1980; Braun et al. 1983; Dunne et al. 1987; Fast et al. 1987). In the atlas vertebra, the retroarticular canal and the lateral bridge are examples of bony outgrowth or exostosis which may cause external pressure on the vertebral artery as it passes from the foramen transversarium of the vertebra to the foramen magnum of the skull. If this pressure is severe enough, as may occur during the extreme rotatory movements carried out during therapeutic manipulation of the cervical spine, the vertebral artery may be compressed (Lamberty & Zivanovich, 1973), reducing its cross-sectional area, and compromising its blood flow (Taitz & Nathan, 1986). Vertebrobasilar ischaemia from compression of the vertebral arteries by osteophytes is an uncommon occurrence under normal circumstances (Warlow, 1996). There are few studies of the lateral bridge of the atlas reported in the literature (MacAlister, 1869, 1893; Lamberty & Zivanovic, 1973; Saunders & Popovich, 1978; Taitz & Nathan, 1986). The lateral bridge was first described by MacAlister (1869, 1893) as a variety of the ‘posterior glenoid process’ (the retroarticular canal), which he termed the ‘gleno-transverse bony arch’. As its name implies, it is a lateral outgrowth of bone from the superior articular facet or lateral mass to the posterior root of the transverse process of the atlas (MacAlister, 1869, 1893; Lamberty & Zivanovic, 1973; Saunders & Popovich, 1978; Taitz & Nathan, 1986). The retroarticular canal is formed by an exostosis passing from the posterior surface of the lateral mass to the posterior margin of the vertebral artery groove of the atlas. Thus the lateral bridge forms another arch, secondary to the retroarticular canal, through which the vertebral artery must pass (MacAlister, 1869).     

极外侧经髁人路识别和保护椎动脉的显微解剖学研究

目的 为极外侧经髁入路术中识别和保护椎动脉提供翔实的显微解剖学资料。方法 模拟极外侧经髁入路对10例成人尸头标本进行显微解剖．对椎动脉进行观察、测量和拍照。尤其关注椎动脉识别和保护的方法。结果 肩胛提肌和头下斜肌、头外侧直肌、C2神经前支、寰椎横突、寰推后结节和椎动脉周围静脉丛是识别椎动脉的解剖标志；椎动脉行程曲折，易受损伤，术中应妥善保护。结论 观察、测量的结果有助于术中椎动脉的识别和保护。     

Unique origin of the inferior alveolar artery

The inferior alveolar artery is the major blood supply to the mandible and mandibular teeth. This artery has a very consistent path, originating from the maxillary artery and passing inferiorly until it enters the mandibular foramen, accompanied by the inferior alveolar nerve and vein. During routine dissection of a 90-year-old female cadaver, a unique origin of the inferior alveolar artery was observed on the left side. The artery branched off the external carotid artery, just superior to the stylohyoid and posterior belly of the digastric muscle in the posterior region of the submandibular triangle. From its starting point the artery passed superiorly in the stylomandibular fascia and made a curving arch into the pterygomandibular space to enter the mandibular foramen with the inferior alveolar nerve. The position and branching pattern of the maxillary artery were otherwise typical. The inferior alveolar artery on the right side displayed a normal branching pattern within the infratemporal fossa. Results of surgical procedures in this area, such as sliding osteotomy of the mandible, could be impacted by this anomaly.     

Persistent carotid-vertebral anastomosis associated with contralateral accessory middle cerebral artery

An exceptional case is reported of a complex anomaly of the brain arteries including low left carotid bifurcation, persistent carotid-vertebral anastomosis on the left and accessory middle cerebral artery on the right; the whole posterior circulation was only filled through the anomalous anastomotic vessel which joined with the vertebral artery because of a contralateral hypoplasic vertebral artery and the absence of both posterior communicating arteries. This association has not been previously reported in the literature. The embryological processes leading to these arterial anomalies are discussed. Risks related to a severe carotid stenosis or occlusion and to surgical or endovascular procedures in patients harboring these arterial anomalies are emphasized.     

The variations of the subclavian artery and its branches

This study reports important variations in branches of the subclavian artery in a singular cadaver. The origin of the left vertebral artery was from the aortic arch. On the right side, no thyrocervical trunk was found. The two branches which normally originate from the thyrocervical trunk had a different origin. The transverse cervical artery arose directly from the subclavian artery and suprascapular artery originated from the internal thoracic artery. This variation provides a short route for posterior scapular anastomoses. An awareness of this rare variation is important because this area is used for diagnostic and surgical procedures.     

寰枢椎病变植入物内固定：口咽入路的优势

背景：经口咽入路是治疗寰枢椎病变的传统方法,一直以来都是脊柱外科研究的热点和难点。 目的：为经口咽入路到达颅颈交界区提供直观操作路径,并提供安全操作的解剖学数据。 方法：对尸体标本进行经口咽入路逐层外科解剖,观察解剖层次、组织结构以及相互之间的毗邻关系,以门齿为标志点测量各主要解剖结构与其之间的距离,并测量椎动脉与中线之间的距离以及寰枢椎的形态学结构。 结果与结论：经口咽前入路能直接显露从斜坡中下段至C3椎体上缘的范围,双侧椎动脉到中线的距离C1水平左侧为20.72-29.70 mm、右侧为20.36-28.98 mm,C2水平左侧为13.10-23.00 mm、右侧为13.85-24.02 mm。前结节、齿突前面、齿突后面、硬脊膜、脊髓以及C2椎体前缘和C3椎体前缘与门齿之间的距离分别为69.24-88.16 mm、74.95-96.27 mm、84.77-107.39 mm、87.65-111.45 mm、91.38-116.11 mm、76.21-92.77 mm和78.53-105.13 mm。寰椎长度为(19.8±2.3) mm,齿突高度为(15.9±1.9) mm,最大横径为(10.5±0.6) mm,最大矢状径为(11.5±1.9) mm;枢椎最大横径为(15.1±1.6) mm,最大矢状径为(17.7±1.3) mm,上关节面外缘到中线的距离为(26.1±1.7) mm,横突孔入口与上关节面之间的距离为(8.1±1.3) mm。颅颈交界区的解剖结构复杂,经口咽入路在解剖安全范围内处理颅颈交界区病变存在优势。     

上颌动脉显露技术在脑血管搭桥术中的应用

目的 观察上颌动脉翼状肌段的解剖特点,探讨上颌动脉显露技术在脑血管搭桥术中临床应用的可行性。方法 选取新鲜成人完整尸头标本12具,其中女3具、男9具,年龄50~80岁（平均64岁）。尸头标本经乳胶灌注后,采用翼点入路,切除颧弓,显露上颌动脉翼状肌段。观察记录两侧上颌动脉走行的特点、与翼外肌的位置关系,测量上颌动脉翼状肌段到颞下嵴的间距。 回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院神经外科2020年10月—2021年4月收治的2例脑血管搭桥患者的临床资料。男女各1例,年龄分别为62、38岁。1例患者诊断为基底动脉冗扩合并动脉瘤,一期行优势侧椎动脉介入闭塞术,二期行上颌动脉-桡动脉-小脑上动脉搭桥术;另1例患者诊断为脑梗死、前床突脑膜瘤、左侧颈内动脉末端重度狭窄,行上颌动脉-桡动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术+脑膜瘤切除术。2例患者均经翼点入路、切除颧弓显露上颌动脉,完成血管搭桥手术。观察术后桥血管通畅情况,以及患者术后神经功能状态。结果 （1）尸头标本12具均成功暴露了两侧上颌动脉的翼状肌段,未发生颅神经损伤。上颌动脉经翼外肌外侧走行17侧,其翼状肌段到颞下嵴的长度为8.2~18.4（13.2±4.2）mm ;上颌动脉经翼外肌内侧走行7侧,其翼腭窝段均较短,无法上提至颞下嵴,故未记录其可游离长度。（2）2例患者均成功显露上颌动脉的翼状肌段,顺利完成脑血管搭桥手术。病例1患者,术后神经功能状态稳定;术后3个月复查头颅CT血管成像（CTA）,见桥血管通畅、基底动脉动脉瘤大小无明显变化。病例2术后左上肢肌力由术前2级下降至0级;术后3个月电话随访无再发脑缺血症状,患肢肌力恢复到4级,CTA显示桥血管闭塞。结论 翼点联合颧弓切除术可安全有效地显露上颌动脉翼状肌段。翼外肌外侧走行的上颌动脉相对长且表浅,是实施脑血管搭桥术的一种较好的供体血管。