新世纪肿瘤化疗的趋势

内科肿瘤学(medical oncology)是一门发展中的科学。它主要是用化学药物治疗(化疗)、内分泌与生物制剂等措施来治疗癌瘤，系一种全身治疗方法，在肿瘤综合治疗中具有重要地位，也是当前临床肿瘤研究中最活跃的一个领域。肿瘤研究各个领域所取得的进展，必然涉及和促进内科肿瘤学的发展；而临床经验的积累、治疗策略和用药艺术的提高，也会进一步提高疗效，使患者受益。     

循证医学——肿瘤诊治最佳决策的依据

在近半个世纪，通过医学家们的不断努力研究，肿瘤学取得了巨大的发展，新的治疗方法、新的抗肿瘤药物不断出现，肿瘤的治疗不再是单学科的，而是应用多学科的综合治疗，并进行综合防治，这使得肿瘤的治愈率和有效率有了明显的提高，为了科学、客观地研究肿瘤学，最终达到治愈肿瘤的目的，必须将循证医学应用到肿瘤学的实践中。     

第四届“肿瘤多学科综合诊治新进展学术研讨会”第一轮会议通知暨征文启事

在随着对肿瘤疾病认识的深化、各种诊治方法的创新和改进,肿瘤诊治的理念、策略和模式也在不断地演变,恶性肿瘤的诊治正在经历从多元化治疗模式向多学科综合诊治模式的发展。为了推动肿瘤的临床研究,总结并普及临床所取得的经验及新的诊断技术和治疗方法,促进学术交流,提高肿瘤专业医师整体的临床诊治水平,由中华医学会《国际肿瘤学杂志》、《中国肿瘤临床与康复》编辑部和肿瘤学杂志社联合举办的第四届"肿瘤     

当前肿瘤内科治疗中的几个重要问题

近30年来,肿瘤内科学(Medical On-cology)已成为肿瘤学的一个重要学科。它的主要任务是应用药物、内分泌和生物反应调节剂为肿瘤病人服务。肿瘤内科治疗在综合治疗中的地位根据肿瘤的种类、性质、病期和发展趋向,有计划地综合应用现有的几种治疗手段,以期较大限度地提高治愈率,已经受到广泛重视。使许多较晚期病人的疗效得以提高。对于早期病例,在手术治疗后辅以药物或免疫治疗,也已有了一些比较重要的成果。肿瘤治疗目前已进入综合治疗的阶段,     

新世纪化学药物治疗肿瘤的趋势

1　概述内科肿瘤学 ( medical oncology)是一门发展中的科学。它主要是用化学药物治疗 (化疗 )、内分泌与生物制剂等措施来治疗癌瘤 ,系一种全身治疗方法 ,在肿瘤综合治疗中具有重要地位 ,也是当前临床肿瘤研究中最活跃的一个领域。肿瘤研究各个领域所取得的进展 ,必然涉及和促进内科肿瘤学的发展 ;而临床经验的积累、治疗策略和用药艺术的提高 ,也会进一步提高疗效 ,使患者受益。1 .1　药物治疗的主要成就　 ( 1 )治疗晚期癌症患者取得显著的成效。那些“恶性程度高”的全身性肿瘤 ,由“不治之症”转变为“可治之症”,WHO将内科治疗效果…     

中国老年学学会老年肿瘤专业委员会年会暨第八届中国老年肿瘤学大会征文通知

为了推动我国老年肿瘤学领域的学术交流与技术合作,促进老年肿瘤学研究的发展,由中国老年学学会老年肿瘤专业委员会与中国医学科学院肿瘤医院／肿瘤研究所共同主办、卫生部全国肿瘤防治研究办公室、中华肿瘤杂志编辑部、     

中国老年学学会老年肿瘤专业委员会年会暨第八届中国老年肿瘤学大会征文通知

为了推动我国老年肿瘤学领域的学术交流与技术合作,促进老年肿瘤学研究的发展,由中国老年学学会老年肿瘤专业委员会与中国医学科学院肿瘤医院／肿瘤研究所共同主办、卫生部全国肿瘤防治研究办公室、中华肿瘤杂志编辑部、     

欢迎订阅Cancer Biology & Medicine

Cancer Biology&Medicine作为肿瘤领域术交流的平台,向国际学术界展示中国肿瘤防治研究成果,向国内肿瘤学相关专业人员介绍全球肿瘤学前沿进展。以肿瘤临床医师、基础研究人员、相关交叉学科专业人员及医学生为读者对象。刊登稿件范畴:肿瘤表观遗传学、肿瘤干细胞生物学、分子与临床免疫学、肿瘤预防与流行病学、肿瘤标志物、肿瘤影像学、肿瘤临床试验、肿瘤靶向治疗、肿瘤生物治疗、肿瘤个体化医学与多学科综合治疗。栏目设置:述评、     

第四届“肿瘤多学科综合诊治新进展学术研讨会”第一轮会议通知暨征文启事

随着对肿瘤疾病认识的深化、各种诊治方法的创新和改进,肿瘤诊治的理念、策略和模式也在不断地演变,恶性肿瘤的诊治正在经历从多元化治疗模式向多学科综合诊治模式的发展。为了推动肿瘤的临床研究,总结并普及临床所取得的经验及新的诊断技术和治疗方法,促进学术交流,提高肿瘤专业医师整体的临床诊治水平,由中华医学会《国际肿瘤学杂志》、     

中国老年学学会老年肿瘤专业委员会年会暨第八届中国老年肿瘤学大会征文通知

为了推动我国老年肿瘤学领域的学术交流与技术合作,促进老年肿瘤学研究的发展,由中国老年学学会老年肿瘤专业委员会与中国医学科学院肿瘤医院/肿瘤研究所共同主办、卫生部全国肿瘤防治研究办公室、中华肿瘤杂志编辑部、癌症进展杂志社、     

动物肿瘤模型的建立及其标准研讨

白细胞介素2是山T^H细胞在有丝分裂原／抗原及IL-1的双重信号作用下而产生的一种可溶性糖蛋白。其主要功能是维持T细胞持续生长、增殖．表达IL-2受体等。IL-2的产生和／或IL-2R表达异常与多种肿瘤、自身免疫疾病等所致的免疫功能障碍有关。因此，检测T细胞产生IL-2、表达IL-2R和对IL-2的增殖反应水平．可在一定程度上反映机体的免疫应答能力。本文就肿瘤患者PBL对rlL-2增殖反应的水平，与肿瘤术后者及健康者相比较，分析讨论了肿瘤患者免疫调节障碍的具体环节。     

动物肿瘤模型的建立及其标准研讨

动物肿瘤模型，也是人类肿瘤的复制，对肿瘤发生、发展机制的研究及肿瘤预防和治疗等研究具有重要的意义．动物肿瘤模型的建立应注意选择动物的种系和致癌物的类型。动物种系间的差异很大，相同的致癌物对不同种系的动物可诱发不同的肿瘤，因此要诱发出台适的动物肿瘤模型，动物种系的选择极为重要．动物肿瘤模型分为动物自发瘤模型．诱发瘤模型和移植瘤模型．而移植瘤模型为本文讨论的重点。人类肿瘤移植瘤(指移植于免疫缺陷动物)的来源有肿瘤活检组织，手术切除的肿瘤标本和人类肿瘤细胞系。建立移植瘤的基本条件是：肿瘤标本的取材，应在无菌条件下取新鲜、无坏死、无包膜的瘤组织，手术标本的取材应在1—2个小时内完成．移植瘤受体动物(包括免疫缺陷动物)要求在4周龄左右，移植的最常用部位是背侧皮下。移植瘤建成的标准是：传代数应在15—20代(每代传3-4只动物)；最终移植成瘤率为100％；自发消退率减少到虽低限度(不一定完全达到零)；生长速度要稳定；宿主寿命相似(重复性强)；宿主反应性低(已适应受体动物体内生长)；瘤组织的组织学结构仍保持与原发瘤相似．符合以上标准即可称为移植性肿瘤模型。     

肿瘤基因工程纳米疫苗NL(MH)抗肿瘤复发的实验研究

目的：在小鼠体内观察纳米疫苗NL（MH）抗肿瘤复发作用。方法：以PBS、空白脂质体、MH、MH／NL、NL（MH）免疫C57BL／6小鼠3次后，IFN-γ ELISPOT和LDH杀伤实验检测纳米疫苗激活小鼠特异性细胞免疫反应的情况；以肿瘤攻击实验和肿瘤切除后复发实验来评价纳米疫苗预防肿瘤复发作用。结果：与对照组相比，NL（MH）组小鼠脾淋巴细胞中分泌IFN-γ的T细胞数量明显增多（P〈0．05），CTL对B16-MAGE3细胞具有显著的特异性杀伤作用；在肿瘤攻击实验中，NL（MH）组B16-MAGE3肿瘤成瘤时间长、成瘤率低；肿瘤切除后，NL（MH）组B16-MAGE3肿瘤复发时间延迟，复发率明显降低。结论：NL（MH）能够刺激机体产生强烈的MAGE3特异性的细胞免疫反应，对表达MAGE3的肿瘤细胞具有显著的杀伤作用，能有效预防B16-MAGE3切除后复发。     

循环肿瘤细胞自激注入的研究进展

由于缺乏有效的治疗手段,转移仍是癌症病人死亡的首要原因。肿瘤转移的新理论认为循环肿瘤细胞能够回到肿瘤原发灶,从而滋养肿瘤细胞,并产生更具侵袭力的转移株。本文就该现象加以综述,并对其在人类癌症转移研究中的意义进行探讨。     

Prognostic value of tumor thickness in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive skin malignancy that often presents with tumor metastases. We hypothesized that tumor thickness might correlate with both regional and metastatic tumor spread and could, therefore, be used as an independent prognostic variable. The purpose of this study was to see if depth of tumor invasion would predict prognosis independent of tumor stage. METHODS: Data pertaining to clinical presentation, pathology, treatment, and survival were collected for patients diagnosed with Merkel cell carcinoma from 1972 to 2005. Patients were staged according to AJCC guidelines. Pathologic specimens were evaluated for tumor thickness. The relationship between tumor thickness and disease-free survival or overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. RESULTS: Sixty patients were identified. Five-year disease-free survivals for Stages 1, 2, and 3 patients were 20%, 33%, and 0%, respectively. Five-year overall survivals for Stages 1, 2, and 3 patients were 33.3%, 60%, and 16.7%, respectively. There was no correlation between tumor thickness and either disease-free survival or overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that tumor thickness is not an independent risk factor for survival. Mean tumor thickness did increase with the AJCC stages, but this most likely represents more advanced stage of disease.     

循环肿瘤细胞自激注入的研究进展

由于缺乏有效的治疗手段,转移仍是癌症病人死亡的首要原因。肿瘤转移的新理论认为循环肿瘤细胞能够回到肿瘤原发灶,从而滋养肿瘤细胞,并产生更具侵袭力的转移株。本文就该现象加以综述,并对其在人类癌症转移研究中的意义进行探讨。     

Bilateral malignant Brenner tumor of the ovary

The clinicopathologic features of a case of malignant Brenner tumor with bilateral ovarian involvement are described. The tumor was apparently confined within the ovaries at initial laparotomy. However, multiple skeletal metastases developed 4 months later and the patient died of the disease 6 months after diagnosis.     

Chordoma: natural history and treatment results in 33 cases

Thirty-three chordomas were observed at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan from 1933 to 1983: 27 sacrococcygeal, 3 spheno-occipital, and 3 vertebral. The male:female ratio was 2.7, and the median age was 63 yr for patients with sacrococcygeal and 35.2 yr for those with nonsacral chordomas. After pathologic reassessment, distinct cytologic patterns were found: physaliphorous, syncytial, and mixed subtypes, with variable degrees of cytologic atypia. However, no evident difference in survival was documented in relation to these cytohistologic features. Four cases had a prior traumatic fracture, and the pathogenetic role of trauma is stressed. Eight cases were operated with adequate surgery and only three recurred, whereas of 11 inadequate operations, 10 developed local relapse. However, follow-up for recent adequate operations is short. Radiation therapy seemed to be effective with adjuvant or palliative aims. No chemotherapeutic regimen achieved any result; one case had a short complete remission after cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum + vinblastine + bleomycin (PVB). This analysis confirms the possibility of achieving radicality with high resection of the sacrum for lesions confined below the second sacral vertebra. Nonsacral chordomas were all unresectable. The best treatment for unresectable lesions seems to be palliative surgery plus radiotherapy.     

肿瘤免疫生物治疗新途径——载药肿瘤囊泡

正常细胞及肿瘤细胞在发生凋亡或受到某些信号刺激时均可释放出直径为0.1~1 μm的膜状囊泡。肿瘤细胞受到信号刺激后骨架改变，导致细胞质膜包裹细胞内容物并向膜外侧起泡形成囊状小体，称为肿瘤囊泡，其不仅影响肿瘤细胞的生物学特性，对肿瘤免疫微环境也产生深刻的影响。除生物学效应外肿瘤囊泡还可作为一种天然的药物载体将治疗药物递送到肿瘤细胞，发挥抗肿瘤作用。研究证实，载药的肿瘤囊泡在天然免疫和获得性免疫反应中均体现良好的抗肿瘤激活效应，目前载药肿瘤囊泡已经进入临床应用阶段，在胆管癌、恶性胸腔积液的治疗中展现了良好的应用前景。     

Plasma thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin concentrations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Circulating prostaglandins, including thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin, have been implicated as possible facilitative agents in the growth and dissemination of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of plasma concentrations of these compounds to tumor stage and the effect of surgical resection on plasma prostaglandin levels. Blood samples were obtained from 40 patients with head and neck cancer. Ten treated patients were clinically disease-free (NED), and 30 patients with active disease were previously untreated at the time of this study. Plasma concentrations of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin were measured by radioimmunoassay of their stable metabolites thromboxane B2 (TxB) and prostaglandin 6-keto-F1 (PGI). Platelet aggregation was performed with normal donor platelets (PRP) and normal control or patient plasma (PPP). TxB and TxB/PGI ratios were increased in T1N0M0 patients, compared with NED and with T4N0M0 primary lesions versus all other groups. With lymphatic and hematogenous metastases, TxB and TxB/PGI ratios fell to NED levels. ADP-induced platelet aggregation was significantly increased in head and neck cancer patients, compared with normal controls, and with T4N0M0 lesions, compared with NED. There were no significant differences in PGI levels. TxB, PGI, TxB/PGI, and platelet aggregometry did not change significantly with curative surgery. TxB and TxB/PGI interactions are involved in head and neck cancer. Changes in TxB and TxB/PGI may be related to increased platelet aggregation.