以弥漫性肺泡出血为主要表现的多发性肌炎伴多脏器功能障碍综合征1例

弥漫性肺泡出血是由肺泡毛细血管炎症所导致的持续的肺出血,病因多为毒物吸入、感染、凝血功能异常及自身免疫性疾病,在自身免疫性疾病中又常见于系统性红斑狼疮、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)相关性血管炎、Good-Pasture综合征等[1],而在多发性肌炎患者中并发肺泡出血者很罕见.现报道我科于2020年成功救治的1例以弥...     

Dyspnoea and diffuse pulmonary nodules in a patient with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease: a case report and literature review

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare type of pulmonary hypertension characterized by capillary damage or arterial pulmonary hypertension. Early lung transplantation is the only effective treatment for PVOD because of the lack of specificity in its clinical manifestations and its rapid progression and poor prognosis. A 28-year-old woman presented with exertional dyspnoea. A chest computed tomography scan revealed diffuse centrilobular ground glass opacities in both lungs, a ratio of the transverse diameter of the main pulmonary trunk to the ascending aorta of >1, and enlargement of the right ventricle and right atrium. A right atrial floating catheter test showed right ventricular pressure of 82/0/4 mmHg, mean pulmonary artery pressure of 83/34/53 mmHg, and pulmonary artery wedge pressure of 15/8/12 mmHg. A mutation was found in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 (EIF2AK4) gene. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with PVOD and subsequently given standard bosentan treatment (62.5 mg twice a day). However, after 6 months of follow-up, there was no significant improvement in the pulmonary artery pressure or activity tolerance (6-minute walking test). Therefore, cardiopulmonary transplantation was performed. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of PVOD may improve the patient’s prognosis.     

Alveolar hemorrhage associated with warfarin therapy: a case report and literature review

A 75-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with the complaints of palpitation, fever, severe dyspnea, dizziness and bloody sputum associated with coughing. Chest radiographs revealed that the lungs were bilaterally infiltrated. A high resolution computed tomographic study of the thorax disclosed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, of which presence was proved by histopathological study of bronchoalveolar lavage material. The hemorrhage occured at 8th day of 5 mg daily warfarin therapy, which was given for frequent atrial fibrillation attacks was controlled by fresh frozen plasma and vitamin K. Alveolar hemorrhage is difficult to diagnose and has high mortality if the treatment was not started as soon as possible. This is the first report of alveolar hemorrhage caused by 5 mg daily warfarin therapy. We propose that the patient's age, nutritional status, used drugs should be taken into consideration for true management of patients with atrial fibrillation.     

High-dose diquat poisoning: a case report

Diquat is a widely used herbicide that is substituted for paraquat. With paraquat off the market, cases of diquat poisoning have been gradually increasing. The kidney is the most frequently impaired organ in diquat poisoning. Few cases of multiple organ failure caused by diquat have been reported.We herein describe a 30-year-old man who orally ingested about 160 mL of enriched diquat. Despite aggressive treatment, the patient’s condition progressed to multiple organ failure and death. The pulmonary lesions in this patient were different from those previously reported. This patient did not die of renal failure but of severe respiratory failure. He exhibited three different stages of pulmonary disease.The lung lesions in this case were unique. We hope that doctors will pay more attention to the lung lesions in patients with diquat poisoning in future and find new treatment methods to save the lives of such patients.     

SOFA评分对多器官功能障碍综合征患者的预后评价作用

目的 :探讨序贯器官衰竭估计 (SOFA)评分与多器官功能障碍综合征 (MODS)患者预后的关系。方法 :应用欧洲重症监护医学协会 (ESICM)感染相关问题工作组制订的 SOFA评分体系 ,进行回顾性统计分析 ,比较存活组与死亡组患者入院时 SOFA评分、最大 SOFA评分、Δ SOFA评分的差异 ,评价 SOFA评分在预后估计中的作用。结果 :累计最大 SOFA评分、累计ΔSOFA评分存活组与死亡组相比显著差异 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,入院时累计 SOFA评分无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。各单个器官系统相比 ,存活组与死亡组最大 SOFA评分和ΔSOFA评分中除肝、肾外 ,余均有显著差异 (P均 <0 .0 5 ) ;而入院时各单个器官 SOFA评分仍无显著差异。存活组在入院最初 7日每日平均评分逐渐下降 ,而死亡组每日平均评分逐渐升高 ,7日内 2组有显著差异的变化出现在入院后 4 8小时 (P<0 .0 5 )。随器官衰竭个数的增加 ,病死率急剧增加 ,累计最大 SOFA评分呈直线上升 ,组间有非常显著差异 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :最大 SOFA评分和 ΔSOFA评分对 MODS有良好的预后评价作用     

肺心病并发多脏器功能衰竭253例临床分析

该院1988年10月～1991年10月收治慢性肺心病560例,其中并发多脏器功能衰竭(MOF)253例(占45.2%)。死于MOF92例(占36.3%)。肺心病死亡率随脏器功能衰竭数目的增多而增高,4个以上脏器功能衰竭的病例100%的死亡。作者结合文献对肺心病急性发作期并发MOF的发病机理、如何降低MOF发病率和死亡率进行了讨论。     

脑出血继发多器官功能衰竭76例临床分析

目的 :探讨脑出血继发多器官功能衰竭 (MOF)的病因及防治措施。方法 :收集继发MOF病例 76例 ,与同期无MOF的 2 40例脑出血相对照 ,从病死率、发病年龄、发病机理等方面进行分析。结果 :MOF组病死率 61 8% ,而同期无MOF者 2 40例脑出血病死率为 5 42 % (P <0 0 1)。且脏器衰竭数目越多 ,病死率越高 ,高龄、有慢性疾病、意识障碍严重、脑出血量大者易并发MOF。结论 :MOF是脑出血死亡的重要原因之一 ,在防止脑功能衰竭的同时要积极治疗其它慢性基础疾病     

p63阳性的弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤1例并文献复习

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤是最常见的非霍奇金淋巴瘤,p63在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中可表达,因此在临床上易被误诊为p63阳性的上皮源性恶性肿瘤,尤其在淋巴结发生转移时。本研究报道1例以呼吸道症状为首发症状的弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者,临床高度怀疑肺恶性肿瘤并淋巴结转移。行右腋窝淋巴结穿刺活检病理诊断,结果显示p63阳性,提示为鳞状细胞癌,而完善免疫组织化学检查后,最终诊断为弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤。因此,认识p63阳性的弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤很有必要,可减小临床误诊的可能性。     

老年多器官功能衰竭患者的护理

目的总结老年多器官功能衰竭患者的护理要点,以促进患者康复。方法对收治的48例老年多器官功能衰竭患者实施精心的护理,包括心理护理,基础护理,呼吸道护理,心功能护理,肾脏的护理,肝,脑,消化脏器的护理等,观察治疗护理效果。结果 48例患者中,19例好转,占39.6%。结论对老年多器官功能衰竭患者进行精心的护理,可以使患者预后良好,降低死亡率。     

慢性肾衰及并发多脏器功能衰竭患者的护理

目的探讨护理在肾衰及并发多脏器功能衰竭治疗中的作用。方法对慢性肾衰及并发多脏器功能衰竭30例患者在正常治疗的同时配合以综合、饮食及心理护理。结果 29例患者积极配合治疗,1例患者因经济原因放弃治疗,治疗过程中无严重不良反应。结论对慢性肾衰及并发多脏器功能衰竭患者在正常治疗的同时配合以综合、饮食及心理护理,极大地提高了患者的生活质量。     

40例多器官衰竭时急性肾功能衰竭的临床分析

目的：探讨多器官衰竭（ＭＯＦ）时急性肾功能衰竭（ＡＲＦ）的更为有效的防治手段，防止和阻断其进一步发展，改善ＭＯＦ的预后。方法：对４０例ＭＯＦ合并ＡＲＦ的病例资料进行临床分析。结果：ＭＯＦ的主要原发病因是感染（７０．０％），其次是创伤（２２．５％），其它占７．５％；本组患者的病死率６５．０％，且随衰竭器官的数目增多而病死率升高。ＡＲＦ表现为少尿型８７．５％，非少尿型１２．５％。采用血液透析（ＨＤ）治疗２２例中存活１２例，死亡１０例，病死率５４．５％；非ＨＤ治疗１８例中存活２例，死亡１６例，病死率８８．９％，比较此两种治疗方法的疗效ＨＤ组明显高于非ＨＤ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：对于ＭＯＦ时ＡＲＦ的治疗，首先应针对各器官衰竭的治疗；积极有效地控制感染是抢救成功的关键；早期充分的血液净化是治疗的重要环节；辅助支持疗法，提高免疫功能，改善组织缺氧，禁止应用对肾脏有损害的药物，对改善本病的预后具有重要意义。     

Leptospirosis in a Japanese urban area: A case report and literature review

Leptospirosis is not a major disease in urban areas of Japan. We describe a 49-year-old man with leptospirosis, who lived in an urban area and had no history of living in endemic area of leptospirosis. As he worked at a fish market infested with rats, he was suspected of having contracted leptospirosis and received antimicrobial agent treatment. Serum and urinary tests confirmed the diagnosis of leptospirosis. Although it took six days from the onset until treatment initiation, the patient improved in response to receiving ceftriaxone for seven days.Analyzing past reports of Japanese patients with leptospirosis who had no history of overseas travel, we identified 90 patients with courses similar to that of our patient, and the period from onset to treatment initiation was about six days on average (described in 46 cases). Health care providers as well as patients need to recognize that even people with no history of being in an endemic area of leptospirosis may still be at risk of developing this disease depending on occupations and activities.     

多器官衰竭患者白细胞糖皮质激素受体和血浆皮质醇变化的观察

用放射配体结合法测定３６例多器官衰竭（ＭＯＦ）患者血白细胞糖皮质激素受体（ＧＣＲ）和血浆皮质醇（Ｆ）的变化，并行ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ评分。作者认为合理使用外源性糖皮质激素或提高ＧＣＲ水平有益ＭＯＦ的防治。     

Painless aortic dissection presenting with acute ischaemic stroke and multiple organ failure

Acute aortic dissection is an uncommon, life‐threatening catastrophe, and early diagnosis is essential for the best chance of survival. Although acute onset of severe chest or back pain is the most common presenting symptom, some patients might present with atypical symptoms and findings such as acute stroke and mesenteric ischaemia related to the involving arterial segment. Establishing the diagnosis of aortic dissection can be difficult in the presence of atypical symptoms, especially in the absence of pain. Here, we report a case of acute, painless aortic dissection presenting with multiple organ failure and neurological deficits suggesting acute ischaemic stroke.     

Colchicine-related death presenting as an unknown case of multiple organ failure

A 45-year-old man presented to the emergency department (ED) with acute renal and hepatic failure as well as hypotension and metabolic acidosis. Despite aggressive intensive care, he had continued hypotension, leukocytosis, fever, renal and hepatic failure, and lactic acidosis. On hospital day 3, pancytopenia was noted. Bone marrow biopsy showed marked aplasia without a specific etiology being elucidated. He received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and antibiotics, but died on hospital day 12 after a cardiac arrest. The patient repeatedly denied intentional drug ingestion. Due to his clinical course, the poison center recommended obtaining a colchicine level. The plasma colchicine level, 72 h after admission, was 6.1 ng/mL (GC/MS). This level exceeds acute levels reported in some cases of prior fatalities. This case is novel in that the patient’s multiple organ dysfunction remained unexplained for several days before occult colchicine toxicity was implicated as the probable cause by the colchicine level. Also, there was a paucity of gastrointestinal symptoms on presentation, the opposite of what is expected in colchicine toxicity.     

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia-associated pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUNDPulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare condition that can cause progressive symptoms including dyspnea, cough and respiratory insufficiency. Secondary PAP is generally associated with hematological malignancies including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PAP occurring secondary to CMML.CASE SUMMARYWe report the case of a 63-year-old male who presented with a recurrent cough and gradually progressive dyspnea in the absence of fever. Based upon clinical symptoms, computed tomography findings, bone marrow aspiration, flow cytometry studies and cytogenetic analyses, the patient was diagnosed with PAP secondary to CMML. He underwent whole lung lavage in March 2016 to alleviate his dyspnea, after which he began combined chemotherapeutic treatment with decitabine and cytarabine. The patient died in January 2020 as a consequence of severe pulmonary infection.CONCLUSIONThis case offers insight regarding the mechanistic basis for PAP secondary to CMML and highlights potential risk factors.