腮腺良性肿瘤区域性切除术的临床探讨

腮腺良性肿瘤在临床上比较常见，传统的手术方法是进行肿瘤和腮腺浅叶切除术及面神经解剖术。1996-2006年间我科对31例腮腺良性肿瘤施行肿瘤及其周围腮腺组织切除术及部分面神经解剖术，取得了良好的临床疗效。现报告如下。     

腮腺良性肿瘤切除术中腮腺导管和面神经颊支解剖关系的观察

目的观察研究腮腺导管与面神经颊支的解剖关系,为术中用腮腺导管作为面神经探查标记物提供解剖依据。方法在腮腺良性肿瘤切除术中观察和测量42例患者的腮腺导管和面神经颊支的解剖关系,包括深浅、成角和距离关系。结果在深浅关系上,颊支位于腮腺导管浅面占69.05%（29/42）,同层面占14.29%（6/42）,深面占16.67%（7/42）。从二者走形角度上,基本平行占76.19%（32/42）,明显成角的占23.81%（10/42）。以出腮腺处测量距离来看,上颊支位于腮腺导管上0.2~1.0 cm,平均（0.61±0.13）cm;下颊支位于导管下0.2~1.5 cm,平均（0.77±0.27）cm。结论腮腺导管与面神经上下颊支解剖关系相对恒定,可以用于腮腺肿瘤术中寻找解剖面神经的标志物。     

腮腺良性肿瘤手术中面神经颈支的解剖

目的探讨应用面神经颈支为向导显露面神经并完成腮腺良性肿瘤切除的可行性和安全性。方法收治腮腺良性肿瘤87例,分别应用以面神经总干、颊支、下颔缘支和颈支为向导的方法显露出面神经,完成腮腺肿瘤切除,并观察术后面神经的功能情况。结果应用面神经总干、颊支、下颔缘支和颈支显露面神经的病例分别为10、8、28、41例,术后出现的面神经损伤率依次为30％、37．5％、46,4％、24．3％,其中应用下颔缘支和颈支的方法术后面神经损伤几率的比较,P〈0.05,有显著差异性。结论应用面神经颈支为向导显露面神经总干及其他分支的方法,方便可行,优于通过下颔缘支的方法。     

显微镜在腮腺手术面神经解剖中的应用

目的 介绍显微镜下腮腺切除并面神经解剖术的结果和手术经验.方法 记录28例显微镜下腮腺切除加面神经解剖术的术中和术后指标,包括手术用时、定位面神经总干所需时间、出血量、腮腺导管保存率、总干和重要分支永久损伤率、面神经分支一过性失用率、耳大神经保存率、其他并发症发生率(涎瘘、味觉出汗综合征等).结果 各主要指标结果为:定位总干用时(11.6±4.1)min、耳大神经保存率为75.0%(21/28)、面神经分支永久损伤率为3.6%(1/28,该例为恶性).术中视野清晰,组织结构对比度高,重要解剖结构均可及时发现,所有手术顺利完成.结论 显微镜下腮腺切除并面神经解剖术有一定优势,有可能成为耳鼻咽喉科医生介入腮腺手术领域的一种专科特色.     

腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤功能性手术的初步探讨

目的:探讨功能性手术在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤治疗中的应用.方法:从手术切口、耳大神经保留、区域性面神经解剖、腮腺浅叶部分切除术和凹陷性畸形整复等多个方面对腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤的手术方法进行改良和综合应用.回顾分析21例患者术后复发率及术后功能、并发症的情况.结果:随访未见肿瘤复发,无明显凹陷畸形,保留耳大神经者耳周感觉异常区域较...     

颅中窝径路面神经迷路段手术的应用解剖

面神经迷路段手术最常见的是面神经减压术，颞骨骨折损伤膝状神经节时，施行面神经减压的范围是作鼓室段和迷路段减压术，其手术原则是自损伤处向两端作减压，否则达不到减压目的，为保存患者听力，颅中窝径路开放面神经管迷路段是最佳途径。为保证该手术的成功和预防手术并发症，术者必须熟悉该部位的细微解剖。[第一段]     

腮腺良性肿瘤手术中面神经的损伤

目的 探讨腮腺良性肿瘤术中面神经损伤与手术方式的关系.方法 对我院1999～2006年住院治疗病理证实为腮腺良性肿瘤的患者116例进行回顾性分析.结果 腮腺全切除术后面神经重要分支功能损伤发生率(66.7%)明显高于腮腺浅叶摘除术(39.2%)和腮腺部分切除术(12.5%);下颌缘支功能损伤的几率(31.9%)高于颊支(9.2%)和颧支(2.9%).结论 面神经主要分支功能损伤与手术方式密切相关,选择适当手术方式和手术范围,可减少面神经损伤的发生,提高患者术后生活质量.     

耳后切口内镜辅助下腮腺良性肿瘤切除术

腮腺肿瘤中约80%为良性,而且大部分位于浅叶,传统的手术方式是面神经解剖及腮腺浅叶切除,经典手术切口为围绕耳廓前后及颌下的s形切口,从耳轮脚前向下经过耳屏、耳垂,绕过耳垂到达耳后、乳突再弧形向下、向前沿上颈皮纹到达舌骨水平。     

两种面神经解剖方式在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤切除术中的比较研究

目的 比较两种面神经解剖方法在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤切除术中的临床疗效。方法 选择手术治疗的腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤患者62例,随机分成两组。观察组（32例）选择沿下颌缘支的逆行法解剖面神经并切除肿瘤,对照组（30例）选择顺行法解剖面神经并切除肿瘤。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中失血量、术后面神经麻痹、涎瘘、Frey综合征、耳周麻木及面部凹陷畸形的发生率。结果 观察组手术时间、术中失血量、术后面神经麻痹、涎瘘、Frey综合征、耳周麻木及面部凹陷畸形的发生率分别为（33.57±21.44）min、（31.14±28.36）ml、6.25%、12.50%、15.63%、6.25%和6.25%,对照组分别为（47.31±18.52）min、（44.22±23.82）ml、6.67%、10.00%、20.00%、16.67%和6.67%。与对照组比较,观察组手术时间短,术中失血量少,术后耳周麻木的发生率低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而术后面神经麻痹、涎瘘、Frey综合征及面部凹陷畸形,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤切除术中,沿下颌缘支的逆行法相比顺行法可缩短手术...     

显微镜下功能性腮腺切除术治疗腮腺良性肿瘤42例

目的 评价显微镜下功能性腮腺切除术治疗腮腺良性肿瘤的临床疗效。方法 采用显微镜下功能性腮腺切除术,治疗腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤患者42例。该术式较传统术式改良之处主要有：全程显微镜下手术直观准确;切口改良、美容;腮腺嚼肌筋膜下翻瓣;解剖保留耳大神经后支和腮腺导管;只解剖暴露面神经的部分分支;包括肿瘤在内的腮腺浅叶部分切除;胸锁乳突肌肌瓣填塞术腔等。结果 42例术后出现面神经损伤3例(7.1%),损伤均为暂时性;出现Frey综合征者1例(2.4%);发生涎瘘者0例;5例(11.9%)患者术后出现不同程度的耳垂和耳郭背部皮肤感觉减弱;术后局部凹陷不明显,患者对颜面部外观满意。术后随访1～5年,未见肿瘤复发。结论 显微镜下功能性腮腺切除术治疗腮腺良性肿瘤,既降低手术并发症发生率,又可取得良好美容效果。     

Malignant parotid gland tumors and facial nerve paralysis

Summary During the last three decades, 586 cases of parotid gland tumor have been extirpated in our clinic. The tumors were malignant in 170 cases and, of these, facial nerve paralysis was observed at first examination in 59 patients. This paper deals with the retrospective study of these cases and is chiefly concerned with the histological types and facial nerve paralysis.     

内镜辅助耳后发际入路颌下腺切除术与传统术式的对照研究

目的 与传统经颈入路比较,评价内镜辅助耳后发际入路颌下腺切除术的可行性及其利弊.方法 2009年1月至2010年1月,前瞻性对照研究28例颌下腺良性病变患者分别行两种术式的治疗结果.其中13例接受内镜辅助耳后发际入路手术,15例接受传统经颈入路手术.术前所有病例均行CT或MRI检查评估病损大小、位置、毗邻,并行细针穿刺活检明确病理.秩和检验比较两组患者的切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症及切口美容效果.结果 28例患者颌下腺均顺利完整切除.内镜组切口长度、手术时间与传统组比较,差异有统计学意义(Z值分别为-4.516和-3.263,P值均＜0.01);术后3个月,内镜组切口美容效果好于传统组,差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.472,P＜0.01).术后内镜组2例患者(15.4%)出现暂时性耳垂麻木、1例(7.7%)出现暂时性面神经下颌缘支麻痹,均在术后1个月缓解.所有病例随访10～24个月,中位随访18个月,未见复发.结论 对于颌下腺良性疾病,内镜辅助耳后发际入路颌下腺切除术安全、可行.与传统经颈入路比较,切口隐蔽,美容效果确切.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the feasibility,the risks and the advantages of endoscope-assisted submandibular gland resection using a retroauricular hairline incision ( RAHI) by comparing it with the conventional submandibular gland resection.Methods Twenty eight patients with benign lesions of the submandibular gland were included in the prospective clinically controlled study.Thirteen patients had endoscope-assisted resection using the RAHI approach and 15 cases had conventional transcervical approach resection.The size,location and adjacency of all lesions were evaluated by CT or MRI before surgery.The pathologic diagnoses of all cases were identified as benign diseases using fine needle aspiration biopsy.The two groups were compared for incision length,operation time,bleeding,incision cosmetic result,and complications.Results All 28 operations were successfully performed.Incision length in the endoscopic group was significantly longer than that in the trancervical group (Z =-4.516,P＜0.01),and the surgical time was longer in the endoscopic group( Z =-3.263 ,P ＜0.01) .After three months the mean subjective satisfaction score for the incision scar in the endoscopic group was significantly higher than that in the trancervical group(Z=-4.472,P＜0.01).In the endoscopic group,2 cases (15.4%) with temporary numbness of the earlobe and 1 case (7.7% ) with a temporary marginal mandibular nerve paralysis were found postoperatively.However,they recovered within 1 month.All 28 patients were disease free with a follow-up of 10 to 24 months (median of 18 months).Conclusions Endoscope-assisted submandibular gland resection via RAHI is feasible and safe for the treatment of benign submandibular gland lesions.In comparison with the transcervical approach,this method can provide better cosmetic results without significant complications.     

Synchronous benign and malignant tumors in the ipsilateral parotid gland

Synchronous benign and malignant tumors in the ipsilateral salivary glands are extremely rare. We report a unique case of synchronous unilateral parotid tumors in a 71-year-old man. The main parotid lesion was preoperatively suggested to be adenocarcinoma by fine needle aspiration cytology. A coexisting Warthin's tumor was also diagnosed on microscopic examination of total parotidectomy specimens. We describe this case of rare synchronous salivary gland tumors exhibiting both benign and malignant components with a review of the literature.     

腮腺良性肿瘤切除中胸锁乳突肌皮瓣的应用分析

目的 探讨腮腺良性肿瘤切除中胸锁乳突肌皮瓣的应用效果。 方法 选取腮腺良性肿瘤患者84例,以随机数字表法分成对照组和实验组,各42例。对照组接受常规腮腺切除术治疗,实验组常规切除腮腺病变后,采用胸锁乳突肌皮瓣转移填充术区凹陷行修复治疗。随访6~12个月,对比两组术后并发症发生率和肿瘤复发率。 结果 实验组术后并发症发生率14.29%,低于对照组的52.38%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组肿瘤复发率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 在腮腺良性肿瘤切除中应用胸锁乳突肌皮瓣修复术区凹陷,可有效降低并发症风险,同时不影响手术效果,值得临床推广。     

Recurrent benign pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland: Facial nerve identification and risk factors for facial nerve paralysis at re-operation

ObjectiveSurgery for recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland is challenging since there is a considerable risk of facial nerve injury and a high re-recurrence rate. We investigated surgery for recurrent pleomorphic adenoma, focusing on management of the facial nerve.MethodsWe reviewed 29 patients who underwent surgery for recurrent benign pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland at our department between 1999 and 2018. We examined clinicopathologic features and risk factors for facial nerve injury during reoperation.ResultsFactors associated with difficulty in identifying the main trunk of the facial nerve during surgery were bilobar tumors, multiple tumors, and use of an S-shaped skin incision at the previous operation. When the facial nerve was identified intraoperatively, it could be preserved in 2/3 of patients, while the nerve was only preserved in 1/3 of patients when it was not identified. Factors related to permanent postoperative paralysis included recurrence in the deep lobe or both lobes and multiple tumors.ConclusionThe probability of successfully preserving the facial nerve is relatively high if the nerve can be identified during surgery for recurrent pleomorphic adenoma, although intentional resection is necessary in some patients. Factors associated with difficulty in identifying the facial nerve are similar to those related to permanent postoperative paralysis, including bilobar tumors and multiple tumors. In patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma, preservation of the facial nerve is difficult, when they may have undergone previous extensive resection or have multiple tumors requiring subtotal or more extensive resection.     

Recurrent attacks of facial nerve palsy as the presenting sign of leukemic relapse

OBJECTIVE: To present an unusual case of recurrent facial palsy resulting from acute leukemic infiltration of the parotid gland. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: An 11-year-old boy who had been treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from 3 to 6 years of age presented with intermittent left facial nerve palsy with concurrent ipsilateral parotid fullness. The initial findings at diagnosis and workup are presented, and the disease progression and resolution with therapy are documented. RESULTS: The patient had been off therapy when this finding developed. A workup for central and viral etiologies for the facial palsy was unrevealing. Biopsy of the parotid gland demonstrated a lymphoblastic leukemic infiltrate. The patient was placed on a chemotherapy protocol for relapsed leukemia, resulting in complete resolution of the facial palsy. CONCLUSION: Isolated facial nerve dysfunction, albeit rare, has been documented as a sign of central nervous system involvement in leukemia, but until now this presentation has not been described in the setting of leukemic relapse presenting with acute infiltration of the parotid gland.