静脉持续滴注氟尿嘧啶联合顺铂治疗晚期头颈部鳞癌30例的临床分析

目的探讨持续静脉滴注氟尿嘧啶联合顺铂,治疗复发和远处转移头颈部鳞癌的疗效和安全性。方法30例复发和转移头颈部癌予5-Fu750mg/（m^2.d）持续静脉滴注120h,每天DDP25mg/m^2,第1～3天,3W为1个周期,2个周期后评价疗效。结果CR1例,PR12例,近期客观有效率为44.8%（13/29）。中位TTP7.8个月。初治与复治有效率分别为76.9%（10/13）、18.7%（3/16）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=9.814,P=0.02〈0.05）。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,胃肠道反应和黏膜炎。结论持续静脉滴注氟尿嘧啶联合顺铂治疗晚期头颈部癌安全有效。     

改良DCF方案治疗晚期胃癌临床观察

目的:评价多西他赛联合顺铂及氟尿嘧啶方案治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效与安全性。方法:35例晚期胃癌采用多西他赛35-40mg/m2,静脉滴注d1、8,顺铂20mg/m2,静脉滴注d1、2、8、9,氟尿嘧啶500mg/m2,持续静脉泵点滴24h,d1、2、8、9,21天为1周期,用药至少2个周期后评价疗效和不良反应。结果:全组35例患者均可评价疗效,其中CR 2例(5.7%),PR 19例(54.3%),SD 10例(28.6%),PD 4例(11.4%),总有效率(60.0%)。中位TTP为6.7个月,中位MST 10.9个月。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐和脱发。结论:多西他赛联合顺铂及氟尿嘧啶方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效明显,不良反应轻且易于控制。     

周剂量多西紫杉醇联合小剂量顺铂、5-氟脲嘧啶持续静脉滴注治疗晚期胃癌的疗效观察

目的 评价周剂量多西紫杉醇联合小剂量顺铂、5-氟脲嘧啶(5-Fu)持续静脉滴注治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效和毒副反应.方法 48例晚期胃癌随机分为两组,试验组:多西紫杉醇35 mg/(m2·d)静滴,d1,8,15;顺铂 mg/(m2·d),d1～5,d8～12;5-Fu250mg/(m2·d)微量输液泵维持持续静滴,d1～14,3周为1周期.对照组:顺铂75mg/(m2·),d1静滴;5-Fu 1000mg/(m2@d),d1～5>3周为1周期.治疗3～4个周期后评价疗效和毒副反应.结果 试验组总有效率为45.8%;对照组总有效率为37.5%.两组有效率比较差异无统汁学意义(P>0.05).试验组较对照组白细胞下降(79.2%vs 45.8%);试验组腹泻(41.6%vs 20.8%)较对照组明显升高(P<0.05);试验组恶心、呕吐的发生率(33.3%vs 12.5%)低于埘照组,蒡异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 多西紫杉醇联合小剂量顺铂、5-Fu持续静脉滴注治疗晚期胃癌具有较好的疗效,毒剐反应可耐受,是晚期胃癌化疗的有效方案.     

多西他赛联合奈达铂、氟尿嘧啶治疗晚期食管癌的临床观察

背景与目的:文献研究表明,多西他赛联合顺铂、氟尿嘧啶对晚期胃癌及胃食管贲门癌有效。本研究旨在评价多西他赛联合奈达铂、氟尿嘧啶(DNF方案)治疗晚期食管癌的临床疗效和毒副反应。方法:DNF方案治疗43例食管癌患者。具体用法:多西他赛75mg/m2第1天静脉滴注60min;奈达铂100mg/m2第1天静脉滴注3h;醛氢叶酸钙200mg/m2,第1天静脉滴注2h,随后氟尿嘧啶375mg/m2静脉推注10min,再以氟尿嘧啶2.6g/m2持续泵入46h。21d为一周期,每2周期按WHO疗效评价标准评价疗效,所有患者至少接受2周期化疗。结果:43例患者共接受144个周期的化疗,所有患者均可评价疗效。完全缓解2例(4.65%),部分缓解25例(58.14%),稳定9例(20.93%),进展7例(16.28%),总有效率为62.79%,中位疾病进展时间201d,中位生存时间310d。3~4度不良反应主要包括9例(20.93%)粒细胞减少(其中2例伴发热),3例(6.98%)血小板减少,4例(9.30%)恶心呕吐。化疗相关性死亡1例。结论:多西他赛联合奈达铂、氟尿嘧啶方案治疗晚期食管癌疗效较好,毒性可以接受,值得临床应用及进...     

洛铂联合替加氟治疗晚期食管癌的临床观察

目的观察洛铂联合替加氟方案治疗晚期食管癌的近期疗效和不良反应。方法观察组26例采用洛铂+替加氟方案：洛铂 30 mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1,替加氟500 mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1～d5,21天为1周期。对照组22例采用顺铂+氟尿嘧啶方案：顺铂 20 mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1～d4,氟尿嘧啶500 mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1～d5,21天为1周期。2周期后评价疗效。结果48例患者均可评价疗效。观察组有效率为53.8%,对照组为50.0%,两组患者近期疗效差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但两组间消化道反应及血小板减少差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论洛铂联合替加氟治疗晚期食管癌疗效较好,不良反应可耐受,使用安全。     

奥沙利铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效观察

目的探讨奥沙利铂(OXA)联合氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)和亚叶酸钙(CF)静脉滴注治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效和不良反应。方法治疗组36例晚期胃癌患者,第1天奥沙利铂85mg/m2,静脉滴注2h静脉滴注,亚叶酸钙(CF)400mg/m2,静脉滴注2h后,氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)400mg/m2,静脉推注15min;再用氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)2400mg/m2,持续静脉滴注泵连续滴注46h。每2周重复1次,化疗3个周期后评价疗效;对照组32例晚期胃癌患者,亚叶酸钙(CF)100mg/m2,静脉滴注2h,d1-5,氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)500mg/m2,静脉滴注6h,d1-5,顺铂(DDP)20mg/m2,静脉滴注2h,d1-5,每3周重复1次,化疗2个周期后评价疗效。结果治疗组完全缓解1例,部分缓解16例,有效率为47.2%,中位疾病进展时间为5.5个月,中位生存期为10.8个月,不良反应主要为感觉神经毒性。对照组部分缓解13例,有效率为40.6%,中位疾病进展时间为4.0个月,中位生存期为8.8个月,不良反应主要为恶心呕吐。结论奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌近期疗效较好,不良反应轻。     

5-氟脲嘧啶持续输注为主的HLFP方案治疗晚期胃肠道癌39例临床研究

目的 研究氟脲嘧啶(5-Fu)持续静脉输注联合亚叶酸钙(CF)、10-羟基喜树碱(10-HCPT)、顺铂(DDP)(HLFP)方案治疗晚期胃肠道癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法 采用HLFP方案治疗晚期胃肠癌39例。治疗方案:10-HCPT 6 mg/(m2.d)静脉滴注,连用5天;CF 100 mg/(m2·d),静脉滴注,连用5天;5-Fu 500 mg/(m2·d),持续静脉滴注,连用5天;DDP 30 mg/(m2.d),静脉滴注,连用3天。21天为一周期。结果 胃癌25例,完全缓解(CR)1例,部分缓解(PR)10例,总有效率;44.0％(11例);肠癌14例,PR 5例,有效率:35.7％(5例)。不良反应:主要为消化道反应、口腔溃疡、骨髓抑制、脱发。结论 氟脲密啶持续输注为主的HLFP方案治疗晚期胃肠癌疗效较高,不良反应轻,值得推广应用。     

紫杉醇、顺铂联合氟尿嘧啶治疗晚期胃癌34例

目的 观察紫杉醇(TAX)、顺铂(DDP)联合氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效和安全性.方法 TAX 135 mg/m2分第1、8天静脉滴;DDP每天20 mg/m2第1、3天静脉滴注;5-Fu 500 mg/m2,第1天静脉滴注2 h、以后5-Fu 2500 mg/m2,泵内持续静脉滴注70 h.21～28 d为1个周期,2个周期后开始评价疗效,获完全缓解(CR)、部分缓解(PR)患者1个月后确认,不足2个周期者观察毒性.结果 全组34例晚期胃癌患者中,治疗组CR 2例(11.1%),PR 12例(55.6%),总有效率66.7%.不良反应主要为血液学毒性及消化道反应,大部分为Ⅰ～Ⅱ度.结论 TAX、DDP联合5-Fu治疗晚期胃癌疗效肯定,患者不良反应较轻.     

低剂量氟尿嘧啶持续输注联合奥沙利铂治疗老年晚期胃肠道恶性肿瘤

[目的]观察低剂量氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)持续输注联合奥沙利铂(L-OHP)方案治疗老年性晚期胃肠道恶性肿瘤的近期疗效及毒副反应等。[方法]32例晚期胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者给予5-Fu225mg/(m2·d)微量泵持续静脉滴注3周,L-OHP60mg/m2d1、8、15,静脉滴注,28d为1个周期,2个周期后评定疗效。[结果]CR1例,PR14例,NC13例,PD4例,32例病例的总有效率为46.88%(15/32),其中转移性肝癌患者有效率为64.71%(11/17)。化疗后ECOG评分比化疗前有显著性改善(P<0.05)。化疗后毒副反应病人均能耐受。[结论]低剂量氟尿嘧啶持续静脉输注联合奥沙利铂方案治疗老年性晚期胃肠道恶性肿瘤是一个有效、低毒,且能显著改善生活质量的化疗方案。     

多西他赛联合顺铂同步放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的:观察多西他赛联合顺铂同步放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效及不良反应。方法:回顾性分析42例同步放化疗的初治局部晚期鼻咽癌患者,放疗期间全身静脉化疗2周期,于放疗第1周、第5周进行。多西他赛联合顺铂(TP)化疗组17例,采用多西他赛75mg/m2,d1,顺铂30mg/(m2.d),d1-3,顺铂联合氟尿嘧啶(PF)化疗组25例,采用顺铂30mg/(m2.d),d1-3,氟尿嘧啶750mg/(m2.d),d1-5。全组给予同步常规分割放疗,鼻咽病灶DT 66-78Gy/33-39次,颈部转移淋巴结DT 62-70Gy/31-35次。结果:多西他赛联合顺铂(TP)同步放化疗组,鼻咽部病灶完全缓解率82.35%(14/17),颈部转移淋巴结完全缓解率88.24%(15/17),1年、2年生存率分别为94.12%、82.35%。顺铂联合氟尿嘧啶(PF)同步放化疗组,鼻咽部病灶完全缓解率76.0%(19/25),颈部转移淋巴结完全缓解率84.0%(21/25),1年、2年生存率分别为88.0%、76.0%。两组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05),两组间急性口腔黏膜反应、胃肠道反应差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:多西他赛和顺铂(TP)同步放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌近期疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受。     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

肾上腺素能β受体与肿瘤生长及转移

大量研究表明肿瘤细胞可表达β受体，而一些神经递质、药物和社会心理因素可能通过β受体影响肿瘤的生长和转移，β受体激动剂、β受体阻滞剂以及抑郁等社会心理因素可加强或削弱这种作用。这为表达β受体肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的道路，提供了新的治疗靶点。     

Occupational and environmental radiation and cancer

Epidemiologic evidence on the relation between occupational and environmental radiation and cancer is reviewed. Studies of pioneering radiation workers, underground miners, and radium dial painters revealed excess cancer deaths and contributed to the setting of radiation protection standards and to theories of carcinogenesis. Occupational exposures today are generally much lower than in the past, thus any associated increases in cancer will be difficult to detect. Pooling investigations of these more recently exposed workers, however, has the potential to validate current estimates of risk used in radiation protection. New information on the effects of chronic radiation exposure also may come from studies in the former Soviet Union of Chernobyl clean-up workers and of workers at the Mayak nuclear facilities. Studies of environmental radiation exposures, other than radon, are largely inconclusive, due mainly to the difficulties in detecting the low risks associated with low dose exposures. Thyroid cancer, however, has been linked to environmental radiation from the Chernobyl accident and from nuclear weapons tests. Low-level radiation released during normal operations at nuclear plants has not been found to increase cancer rates in surrounding populations. Radon, a human carcinogen, is the most ubiquitous exposure to human populations; remediating high residential-radon levels is recommended, recognizing that the exposure can never be removed completely because it occurs naturally.     

Cell and tissue interactions in carcinogenesis and metastasis and their clinical significance

This review describes a new vision for future directions in the study of metastatic cancer biology and pathology. It is based upon clinical and experimental observations on the constituent cell lineages within a neoplasm and on tumour-host interactions. The vision incorporates information from studies in population biology, developmental biology and experimental pathology as well as investigations upon human malignant disease. The assembled information reveals that invasion and metastasis are supra-cellular manifestations of "emergent behavior" among combinations of normal and malignant cell lineages in vivo. Emergent behavior is a combinatorial interactive process in which a population displays new traits which cannot be achieved by individuals acting separately and which subside when the specific population mix disaggregates. Disruption of such pathological interactions in the field of a developing primary or secondary tumour is, therefore, required to disable the malignant population and arrest progression without tissue destruction. These conclusions originate, in part, from principles which govern the sociobiology and group behavior of bees, ants, fish, birds and human societies. In all these social organisms, external factors can disrupt signaling mechanisms and induce expanding self-perpetuating rogue behavior, leading to social disintegration. These principles also apply to cellular societies composing higher animals, which likewise need intrinsic rules to maintain social order and avoid anarchy, and recognition of this is essential for advancing future research on the mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Summarised evidence is presented here to support the conclusion that miscommunications between cells and tissues in the region of the developing tumour and its metastases are the main direct perpetrators of malignant disease. Genetic lesions (mutations, deletions, translocations, reduplications, etc.), commonly seen in cancers, can significantly disrupt important molecular pathways in the networks of communications needed to sustain orderly tissue/organ structure and function. However, genetic lesions can also, themselves, be induced by abnormal cell interactions initiated by extrinsic carcinogenic agents such as chemicals, viruses, hormones and radiation. The evidence shows that, irrespective of the initiating cause, it is this miscommunication in the region of a developing tumour and its metastases that is ultimately responsible for the emergence and progression of the disease. The article describes how this information collectively, provides a framework for designing specific novel therapeutic approaches targeting the cell and tissue interactions driving tumour metastasis and its manifold effects on the whole body.     

Vitamin D and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer risk and prognosis: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis

Vitamin D is formed mainly in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and can as well be taken orally with food or through supplements. While sun exposure is a known risk factor for skin cancer development, vitamin D exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on melanocytes and keratinocytes in vitro. To clarify the role of vitamin D in skin carcinogenesis, we performed a review of the literature and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of vitamin D serum levels and dietary intake with cutaneous melanoma (CM) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) risk and melanoma prognostic factors. Twenty papers were included for an overall 1420 CM and 2317 NMSC. The summary relative risks (SRRs) from random effects models for the association of highest versus lowest vitamin D serum levels was 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–3.53) and 1.64 (95% CI 1.02–2.65) for CM and NMSC, respectively. The SRR for the highest versus lowest quintile of vitamin D intake was 0.86 (95% CI 0.63–1.13) for CM and 1.03 (95% CI 0.95–1.13) for NMSC. Data were suggestive of an inverse association between vitamin D blood levels and CM thickness at diagnosis. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of vitamin D on skin cancer risk in populations with different exposure to sunlight and dietary habits, and to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation is effective in improving CM survival.