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1.
肝移植术后胆道并发症的诊断和治疗 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
陈光 《国外医学:临床放射学分册》2007,30(3):183-188
肝移植术后胆道并发症是影响肝移植病人长期存活及导致移植肝脏丢失的最主要原因。防治其发生是提高移植物存活率和远期疗效的关键。就肝移植术后胆道并发症的临床分型、致病因素、临床表现和诊断以及介入放射学治疗等几方面进行综述。 相似文献
3.
目的评价肝移植(LT)术后胆道并发症(BC)的介入治疗疗效,为临床提供参考。资料与方法回顾分析1999年7月至2009年11月北京朝阳医院介入放射科收治的41例LT术后BC患者的临床及随访资料;BC根据临床表现、实验室检查和影像学表现综合诊断,部分患者行肝穿刺活检;疗效根据患者治疗前、后临床表现及黄疸相关指标综合评判,采用SPSS 18.0软件对黄疸指标进行统计分析,P<0.05认为差异具有统计学意义。结果 41例患者BC包括弥漫性肝内胆管狭窄(32/41)、局限性胆管狭窄(16/41)、胆漏、胆汁瘤(3/41)、胆泥淤积(2/41)、胆管结石(1/41)、肝外胆管迂曲延长(2/41)。全部患者术后近期(1个月内)黄疸明显缓解,黄疸指标显著下降(P<0.05);多数患者中远期黄疸复发,但予以介入干预后均再获缓解。结论胆管狭窄是LT术后最常见的BC,经皮穿刺胆汁引流适用于各型BC,球囊扩张成形对局限性胆管狭窄效果良好。早期诊断并及时采取适当的介入治疗有助于患者顺利渡过LT危险期,随后适时的介入治疗对延长患者生存期、提高生活质量亦是不可或缺的治疗方法。 相似文献
4.
Starzl 于1963年开展了第一例肝移植手术.经过半个世纪的探索与发展,肝移植已被公认为治疗终末期肝脏疾病的首选治疗方案.但术后胆道并发症一直是肝脏移植的薄弱环节,有"阿喀琉斯之踵"(Achilles' heel)之称,严重影响着移植肝存活率及患者生活质量.本文对肝移植后胆道并发症的类型、病因及发病机制、诊断及治疗进展进行综合评述. 相似文献
5.
超声在肝移植术后胆道并发症诊治中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:探讨超声在肝移植术后胆道并发症诊治中的价值.材料和方法: 6例实施肝移植术后临床拟诊胆道并发症的患者,以二维超声检查移植肝及肝周情况,以彩色多普勒超声评估肝动脉、下腔静脉血流,并与其他影像学检查相对比.结果: 胆系梗阻3例(2例合并肝内多发胆汁肿)、胆管内胆泥形成1例、胆漏2例(在超声引导下置管引流).肝动脉血栓2例.肝流出道狭窄合并血栓1例.结论: 超声在肝移植术道并发症的诊治中有着重要的应用价值. 相似文献
6.
肝移植术后胆道并发症是影响肝移植病人长期存活及导致移植肝脏丢失的最主要原因.防治其发生是提高移植物存活率和远期疗效的关键.就肝移植术后胆道并发症的临床分型、致病因素、临床表现和诊断以及介入放射学治疗等几方面进行综述. 相似文献
7.
肝移植术后胆道并发症的影像学诊断 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的分析肝移植术后胆道并发症的影像学(CT、MRI、“T”形管造影)表现。材料与方法回顾性分析了我院7例原位肝移植术后影像学资料,7例均为男性,年龄33~50岁,肝硬化病史4~10年。术后1例行腹CT平扫,5例行平扫加增强扫描,1例行单纯增强扫描,其中3例作了MRI检查。所有病例均行“T”形管造影。结果胆漏1例;肝内胆管狭窄1例,非吻合口胆总管狭窄1例。结论胆系造影是肝移植术后胆道系统并发症(胆漏、胆管狭窄)诊断的常规方法,CT及MRI扫描可以显示间接征象。 相似文献
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目的探讨肝移植术后胆道并发症的原因及影像学表现,并对部分并发症进行内窥镜介入治疗,以提高肝移植的成功率。方法通过十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)检查对肝移植术后胆道异常改变11例资料进行回顾性分析,并根据检查结果做相应的内窥镜下介入治疗。结果通过ERCP检查,对11例肝移植术后患者出现梗阻性黄疸原因得到明确诊断,其中,胆道胆泥形成2例,胆管吻合口狭窄6例,胆道腹腔漏3例。并对2例胆道胆泥进行了乳头括约肌切开(EST) 网蓝胆泥取出术;5例吻合口狭窄行气囊扩张或塑料内支架内引流(ERBD)及2例胆道腹腔漏行鼻胆管引流治疗(ENBD),治疗效果确切,经有针对性的预防和治疗后,除2例胆道腹腔漏分别于肝移植术后6月及11月病死和1例因胆管吻合口处完全阻塞未能放置内支架引流管,导致肝内胆汁淤积症并肝硬化及肝功能失代偿病死外,其余患者均痊愈出院,现仍长期存活,总生存率为72.7%。结论肝移植术后一旦怀疑胆道并发症时应及时行ERCP检查,并根据检查结果做内窥镜介入治疗。胆道并发症的及时发现和处理将可能使患者较快痊愈。 相似文献
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肝移植(LT)已成为终末期肝脏疾病和部分肝脏恶性肿瘤的有效疗法.胆道并发症(BC)是LT后常见的并发症及死亡原因.采用引流、球囊扩张、支架植入等多种介入手段,处理BC已经获得广泛认同,但是引起LT后BC发生的因素很多,了解BC的发病机制、病理、分类和诊断有助于合理制订治疗策略,提高LT并发症的处理水平和临床成功率. 相似文献
12.
The role of interventional radiology in biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation: a single-center experience 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Civelli EM Meroni R Cozzi G Milella M Suman L Vercelli R Severini A 《European radiology》2004,14(4):579-582
This study evaluated interventional radiological experience in the management of biliary complications of OLT at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. Seventeen patients who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation in various hospital were referred to our unit with biliary complications. Group I consisted of 8 patients with anastomotic biliary fistula who came to our attention a short time after transplantation. Group II consisted of 9 patients with anastomotic strictures who came to our attention in a longer period. Two different interventional radiological approaches were used: (a) percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in the presence of fistulas in patients of group I; and (b) percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage combined with dilatation of the strictures with a balloon catheter in patients of group II. On the whole resolution of the biliary complications was achieved in 13 of the 17 cases treated (76.5%), 5 of 8 in group I and 8 of 9 in group II. No secondary stenosis after PTBD were observed in group I, whereas two patients of group II needed a second dilatation. Percutaneous biliary drainage is indicated as a valid treatment in the management of biliary complications, either to allow closure of the fistula either to perform balloon dilatation of stenosis. 相似文献
13.
目的探讨肝移植术后早期胆道并发症的诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析了我院2006年5月~2008年3月以来成功实施的65例肝移植的临床资料。其中尸肝移植54例,亲体肝移植11例,女性占16.92%(11/65),男性占83.08%(54/65)。结果本组65例肝移植患者其中有8例3个月内出现胆道早期并发症,发生率为12.31%(8/65),分别为胆漏3例,胆汁瘤1例,肝内胆汁湖1例,胆泥形成1例,胆道狭窄2例。女性患者早期胆道并发症发生率为9.09%(1/11),男性患者早期胆道并发症发生率为12.96%(7/54)。8例患者中,留置T管引流1例,未留置T管引流7例。治愈6例,好转2例,死亡0例(0%)。其中3例术后3d内出现单纯胆漏,通过留置的腹腔引流管得到及时的诊断,同时应用留置的腹腔引流管持续引流4周~2月后得到治愈。5例经B超、MRCP、ERCP得到诊断;1例胆汁瘤和1例肝内胆汁湖通过B超引导下穿刺引流而得到治愈;1例胆泥形成通过ERCP进行胆道冲洗后好转出院;2例通过ERCP进行球囊扩张或者放置支架后好转出院。结论肝移植术后早期胆道并发症的诊断主要手段是留置的腹腔引流管、B超、MRCP、ERCP等:肝移植术中留置的腹腔引流管对于肝移植术后早期胆漏的治疗起着特殊的作用:B超引导下穿刺引流是治疗胆汁瘤、胆汁湖的重要手段;ERCP下胆道冲洗对胆泥形成非常有效.ERCP下球囊扩张或者放置胆道支架对胆道狭窄的治疗很有效。 相似文献
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Farhad M. Contractor M.D. Purna Sharma Nilima Dash Anthony R. Lupetin Rolf L. Schapiro 《Cardiovascular and interventional radiology》1987,10(5):303-304
Extension of hepatic metastatic tumor along a biliary drainage catheter tract is an unusual occurrence. We believe this is
the first report of such a case presenting as a calcified, subcutaneous mass at the catheter entry site. 相似文献
15.
The radiological management of biliary complications following liver transplantation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Andrea Rieber M.D. Hans-Jürgen Brambs Werner Lauchart 《Cardiovascular and interventional radiology》1996,19(4):242-247
Purpose: Biliary complications contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in the liver transplant recipient. Surgery has
been the mainstay of therapy, but interventional radiological techniques have made significant progress.
Methods: Diagnostic percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) was performed in 12 patients; percutaneous transhepatic drainage
(PTD) was performed in 10 patients. Additional interventional procedures included laser lithotripsy, biopsy, dilatation, and
stent implantation.
Results: In 6 patients PTC revealed anastomotic, and in 6 patients nonanastomotic biliary strictures. Four patients had intrahepatic
stones. Biliary strictures were treated by implantation of Palmaz stents in 5 of 6 patients with anastomotic strictures, and
in 3 of 6 patients with nonanastomotic strictures. The intrahepatic stones were fragmented with dye laser lithotripsy under
cholangioscopic control in 3 of 4 patients. One spontaneous stent migration after 24 months and one stent occlusion were observed;
the remaining stents are still patent. Patients with anastomotic strictures had a more favorable outcome: 5 of 6 of these
patients are still alive and symptom-free after an average of 27.4 months, but only 3 of 6 patients with nonanastomotic strictures
are alive after an average of 9.8 months.
Conclusion: The different outcomes in patients with anastomotic versus nonanastomotic strictures may be explained by the different causes
of these types of stricture. 相似文献
16.
Interventional radiology in the management of complications after liver transplantation 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Denys A Chevallier P Doenz F Qanadli SD Sommacale D Gillet M Schnyder P Bessoud B 《European radiology》2004,14(3):431-439
The arrival of new surgical transplantation techniques, such as split living donor or auxiliary liver transplantation, have increased the incidence of vascular and biliary complications. The causes, symptoms, and diagnostic modalities of arterial, portal caval, and biliary complications are detailed. Interventional techniques, such as balloon angioplasty and stent placement in the arterial and portal tree, as well as biliary interventional techniques, are discussed. 相似文献
17.
肝移植术后并发胆道狭窄和胆泥淤积影像诊断及介入治疗 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:评价肝移植术后胆道狭窄和胆泥淤积影像诊断及介入治疗的价值。方法:对39例肝移植术后并发胆道狭窄和胆泥淤积的影像诊断及介入治疗进行回顾性分析。结果:超声、T型管胆道造影、CT和MRI检查诊断胆道狭窄伴胆泥形成39例,38例介入治疗后胆道梗阻症状明显缓解;1例介入治疗后胆道梗阻症状未明显改善,后行外科胆管修补术。结论:T型管胆道造影或直接经皮胆道造影对肝移植术后胆道狭窄和胆泥淤积诊断特异性及敏感性最高,放射介入和内镜介入技术对其均发挥重要的治疗作用。 相似文献
18.
肝移植术后血管与胆管并发症介入治疗初探 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8
目的:评价血管造影和胆管造影诊治肝移植术后血管及胆管并发症的价值。方法:46例原位肝移植术后B超提示血流速度不畅或频谱异常,下肢水肿或黄疸的患者16例,进行腹腔动脉造影10例次,下腔静脉造影并球囊扩张或支架置入6例次,经皮肝穿刺门静脉造影并支架置入2例次,经皮肝穿刺胆管造影并引流4例次。结果:肝动脉血栓形成2例,1例经溶栓治疗后部分开通;肝动脉狭窄4例,1例球囊扩张后狭窄减轻;所有下腔静脉和门静脉阻塞或狭窄行球囊扩张及置放支撑架后临床症状好转,4例胆管狭窄和吻合口瘘者行经皮肝穿刺胆管造影引流(PTCD)治疗后黄疸减轻。结论;对肝移植术后出现的血管和胆管并发症,血管造影和胆管造影不仅可明确诊断,而且能同时工取得较好的近期疗效。 相似文献
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恶性梗阻性黄疸的双介入治疗 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13
目的:本文通过双介入法(经皮经肝胆道引流术和经动脉化疗栓塞术)在恶性梗阻性黄疸病人治疗中的研究,对双介入法作一评价。材料和方法:我院从1987年至1996年共有82例恶性梗阻性黄疸病人接受了介入治疗。其中28例为单纯的经皮经肝道引流术(PTBD),归为A组;另外54例在PTBD术后2周左右接受了经动脉化疗术(TAI)和/或化职栓塞术(TAI+TAE),归为B组。所有病人都通过多种影象学,外科或生物 相似文献