肾原发性黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤一例临床病理特征及文献回顾

目的肾原发性黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤(MALT淋巴瘤)罕见,该文探讨肾原发性MALT淋巴瘤的临床病理特征、诊断和鉴别诊断。方法对1例肾原发性MALT淋巴瘤进行临床检查、病理组织形态学观察及免疫组化染色,并复习相关文献。结果肾原发性MALT淋巴瘤临床与影像学检查结果缺乏特征性表现,组织学显示淋巴细胞弥漫性浸润,瘤细胞形态呈中心细胞样、单核细胞样,并可见浆细胞样细胞,显示淋巴上皮病变和滤泡植入现象,免疫组化染色结果显示:阳性染色结果:CD20+,PAX-5+,CD79α+,MUM-1+,阴性染色结果:CD3,CD5,CD45RO,bcl-2,CD10,bcl-6,CyclinD1;CD21显示破损的FDC网,kappa+,Lambda-,呈单克隆表型,Ki-67增殖指数约35%。病理诊断:肾原发性MALT淋巴瘤。结论肾原发性MALT淋巴瘤罕见,因缺乏特异性临床表现及影像学依据而极易误诊,明确诊断依赖病理学检查,免疫组化染色有助于鉴别诊断。     

MALT淋巴瘤57例临床病理及克隆性分析

目的通过观察57例MALT淋巴瘤的组织形态学特点,结合免疫组化和分子病理学诊断方法,完善对MALT淋巴瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断。方法根据HE染色和免疫组化(CD20、bcl-2、CD3、CD5、CD10、CD23和cyclin D1)检测,对所有标本进行组织学评价,并应用DNA-PCR和免疫组化(kappa/lambda)检测免疫球蛋白基因重排和轻链的限制性表达。结果 157例MALT淋巴瘤,镜下常呈弥漫性生长,少数表现为结节样。MALT淋巴瘤细胞类型多样,在具有腺上皮的组织,如胃、肠、唾液腺等处常出现淋巴上皮病变(LEL)。LEL的形成是其诊断的重要依据。2肿瘤细胞的克隆性检测:57例MALT淋巴瘤中有35例出现Ig H基因单克隆性重排,占61.4%(35/57)。免疫组化:15例kappa或lambda的表达具有优势,敏感性为26.3%(15/57);其中4例Ig H基因单克隆性重排(-),而kappa或lambda(+)。两者联合应用的阳性率为68.4%。结论尽管MALT淋巴瘤缺乏特异性诊断性抗体,但是通过组织形态学特征以及免疫组化的检测,可以将MALT淋巴瘤与其他B细胞性淋巴瘤鉴别。将检测免疫球蛋白重链基因重排及轻链限制性表达,作为MALT淋巴瘤诊断的辅助检查方法具有明显的应用价值。     

肺原发性黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤23例临床病理分析

研究肺原发性黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤的临床表现、病理学形态特征、免疫表型、分子生物学特点及预后情况,总结肺原发性MALT淋巴瘤的临床及病理学特点。方法通过临床资料总结、病理学形态观察、免疫表型分析,对23例肺原发性MALT淋巴瘤病例进行研究,并且对其中5例行Ig H基因克隆性重排检测,4例行荧光原位杂交(FISH)MALT1基因检测。结果 23例肺原发性MALT淋巴瘤中12例无症状,于体检时发现肺部病变,其余表现为咳嗽、胸痛等。影像学均表现为肺部肿块影或实变影,19例病变位于右肺。病理学形态特点,5例肿瘤呈结节状,18例弥漫性生长,肿瘤与肺组织交界处均可见孤岛样或串珠样结构。肿瘤由3种形态细胞构成:中心细胞样细胞、单核样B细胞、小淋巴细胞样细胞,其中13例伴浆细胞分化,均可见到淋巴上皮病变及滤泡殖入现象。免疫组化染色,肿瘤细胞CD20(+),Ki-67指数5%~20%,8例Igκ、Igλ显示肿瘤细胞为单克隆性B细胞。分子生物学方面,Ig H克隆性重排检测均检测到单克隆条带,4例中2例FISH检测出MALT1基因断裂。本组4例失访,其余19例随访3个月~6年5个月,全部存活,其中5例可疑肿瘤局部复发。8例仅行肿瘤局部切除,11例行手术切除并于术后行化疗。结论肺原发性MALT淋巴瘤无症状或仅有轻微症状,影像学显示肺部肿块或阴影,组织形态表现为结节状或弥漫性单核样小淋巴细胞浸润,周边伴特征性孤岛样或串珠样结构,呈B细胞免疫表型并无其他小B细胞性淋巴瘤的表型特征,Ig H克隆性检测呈单克隆,FISH检测可见MALT1基因断裂。本病预后较好,可局部复发。     

原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤29例临床病理分析

目的探讨原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤的临床病理特点、诊断与鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析2005—2014年间天津医科大学肿瘤医院收治的29例原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤的临床病理资料,并进行文献复习。结果全部病例均经术后病理确诊,男性8例,女性21例,平均发病年龄66.7岁;26例伴有淋巴细胞性/桥本氏甲状腺炎病史;29例均为B细胞淋巴瘤,其中18例病理类型为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤,10例病理类型为黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区淋巴瘤,1例为伯基特淋巴瘤。原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤以甲状腺结构的破坏及形成淋巴上皮病变为基本形态特点,瘤细胞免疫组化均表达CD20等B细胞标记,而不表达甲状腺滤泡上皮来源标记。结论原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤老年女性多见,病理类型多为B细胞来源的非霍奇金淋巴瘤,大部分伴有淋巴细胞性/桥本氏甲状腺炎的背景,诊断需与甲状腺炎症、甲状腺未分化癌及髓样癌等鉴别,必要时需借助于免疫组化及基因重排等方法。     

30例原发性小肠淋巴瘤病理分析

目的：研究原发性小肠淋巴瘤（PSIL）的病理特点。方法：对30例PSIL患者的组织标本行苏木精-伊红（HE）染色、免疫组化检查,其中2例行基因重排检查,并结合文献进行分析。结果：30例PSIL患者的病理诊断均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）,其中B细胞来源23例（76.7%）、T细胞来源7例（23.3%）。其组织学类型分别为弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤16例（53.3%）、黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT型）B细胞淋巴瘤7例（23.3%）、外周T细胞淋巴瘤6例（20.0%）、自然杀伤（NK）/T细胞淋巴瘤1例（3.4%）。免疫组化结果示,30例PSIL均表达CD45,AE1/AE3均阴性,4例B细胞淋巴瘤EMA弱阳性。23例B细胞淋巴瘤均表达CD20和CD79α,7例T细胞淋巴瘤均表达CD3和CD45RO。NK/T细胞淋巴瘤还表达CD56和TIA-1。16例弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤有6例（37.5%）表达Bcl-2蛋白,10例（62.5%）表达MIB-1。7例MALT型B细胞淋巴瘤中有5例（71.4%）表达Bcl-2,1例（14.3%）表达MIB-1。基因重排结果示,2例B细胞淋巴瘤均呈Fr2A、Fr3A阳性,TcR阴性。结论：PSIL大多为B细胞来源的NHL,最常见的组织学类型是弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤。Bcl-2、MIB-1的阳性率与肿瘤病理分型相关。     

原发性肺外周T细胞淋巴瘤临床病理观察

目的探讨原发性肺外周T细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理特征。方法采用形态学观察、免疫组化和基因重排检测方法,对1例原发性肺外周T细胞淋巴瘤进行临床病理分析,并复习文献。结果患者女性,75岁。咳嗽10天伴乏力、盗汗。影像学检查示右肺巨大占位。全身检查无其他部位淋巴瘤或白血病证据。支气管镜黏膜活检发现,支气管黏膜有较多异型淋巴细胞浸润。异型淋巴细胞LCA、CD3、CD45RO(+),CD5、CD4、CD8、CD10、TDT、CD56、granzymeB和TIA-1(-);B细胞标记CD20、PAX-5和髓系标记MPO也呈(-)。T细胞受体基因重排检测示T细胞呈单克隆性增生。病理诊断为原发性肺外周T细胞淋巴瘤。因患者右肺病变弥漫,临床分期IV期,予减量CHOP方案化疗3次,但最终因肺部感染难以控制于发病后2.6个月死亡。结论原发性肺外周T细胞淋巴瘤罕见,在出现其他疾病难以解释的肺部实性占位伴全身症状时应考虑该病,需要与肺原发或转移性癌、其他类型的原发或继发淋巴瘤及肺反应性淋巴组织增生鉴别。     

T-淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤合并朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症临床病理观察

目的 探讨T-淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤合并朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的病理特征及发病机制.方法 筛选广东省人民医院2002-2010间T-淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤病例组织切片,查找其伴发朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的病例.进行免疫组化标记及基因重排检测并随访.结果 筛选出病例2例,男女各1例,平均年龄20岁.均为无诱因出现浅表多发淋巴结肿大.镜下均可见两种细胞即淋巴母细胞性淋巴瘤细胞和朗格汉斯细胞.免疫组化前者CD3、TdT和CD7(+);后者CD1a和S-100(+).基因重排结果为TCR-γ基因未见重排.2例分别于诊断后7个月和8个月时死亡.结论 T-淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤合并朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的现象非偶然现象.患者均表现为浅表淋巴结肿大,有或无B症状,预后差.病因考虑为:①TCR-γ基因重排结果阴性支持T淋巴母细胞分化处于胸腺前阶段,可能具有前体细胞的作用,具备分化成其他细胞系的能力.②为朗格汉斯细胞介导对恶性淋巴瘤的免疫反应,而非真正的瘤性病变.③两种肿瘤克隆相关.具体发病机制目前尚不明确,仍需进一步研究.     

乳腺原发性恶性淋巴瘤4例分析及文献复习

目的 研究乳腺原发性恶性淋巴瘤的病理特点、诊断标准及临床意义。方法　采用HE染色和免疫组化标记，对4例乳腺原发性恶性淋巴瘤进行临床病理学分析。结果 显微镜观察可以看到淋巴瘤细胞围绕萎缩的乳腺腺管上皮浸润。4例LCA及CD20均显示（ ）；2例k( )；CD45RO、λ、CD5、CD10、cyclinD1和CK均为（一）。结论 4例乳腺原发性恶性淋巴瘤全部为B细胞来源，其发病与黏膜相关淋巴组织有关，早期诊断对预后的关系重大。     

乳腺原发性淋巴瘤10例临床病理分析

目的探讨乳腺原发性淋巴瘤的临床病理特点、组织学类型、鉴别诊断及预后。方法收集10例乳腺原发性淋巴瘤的临床病理资料,对其进行HE染色及免疫组化标记。结果 10例乳腺原发性淋巴瘤中9例为女性,发病年龄26～70岁,中位年龄51岁;1例男性,63岁。左乳3例,右乳6例,双乳1例;8例为临床ⅠE期,2例为临床ⅡE期。7例为弥漫性大B细胞性淋巴瘤(DLBCL);2例为黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区B细胞性淋巴瘤(MALT);1例为外周T细胞性淋巴瘤。10例白细胞共同抗原(LCA)均(+);角蛋白、上皮膜抗原均为(-);B细胞标记9例CD20(+),T细胞标记1例CD3(+)。结论乳腺原发性淋巴瘤少见,术前诊断比较困难,准确的病理诊断及组织学分型对规范治疗及预后有重要作用。     

罕见肝脾αβ T细胞淋巴瘤伴骨髓侵犯的临床病理观察

目的探讨肝脾T细胞淋巴瘤(HSTCL)的临床病理特征。方法对1例肝脾αβT细胞淋巴瘤,通过组织学形态、免疫组化及T细胞淋巴瘤克隆性基因重排进行分析,并复习文献。结果患者男性,49岁。咳嗽、发热,血小板减少1周。3年前因脾大、脾功能亢进行脾切除术。免疫组化:骨髓活检组织CD3、CD56弥漫(+),Ki-67增殖指数为40%;肝活检组织LCA、CD2、CD3、CD56弥漫(+),Ki-67增殖指数为70%;脾活检组织LCA、CD2、CD3、CD56弥漫(+),Ki-67增殖指数为70%。T细胞淋巴瘤克隆性基因重排:β链重排。结论肝脾αβT细胞淋巴瘤是较为特殊的外周T细胞淋巴瘤,预后较差,可以通过免疫组化及基因重排等相关检查协助诊断,病理诊断肝脾αβT细胞淋巴瘤应与肝脾γδT细胞淋巴瘤、淤血性脾肿大、毛细胞白血病、淋巴母细胞性淋巴瘤、侵袭性NK细胞白血病/淋巴瘤鉴别。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.