退变性腰椎侧凸脊柱-骨盆矢状位影像学特点

目的 :观察退变性腰椎侧凸(DLS)患者脊柱-骨盆矢状位影像学特点,探讨脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数变化对DLS发生的影响。方法:回顾性分析103例DLS患者术前资料,男36例,女67例,年龄62.6±7.4(43~78)岁,并选取139例正常青年人群作为正常青年对照组,145例单纯颈椎病患者作为成年对照组,在脊柱全长正侧位X线片上测量各组冠状位、矢状位参数,包括L3倾斜角、侧凸Cobb角、冠状位平衡(CVA)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、矢状位平衡(SVA)、胸椎后凸角(TK)、骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)等,采用独立样本t检验比较DLS组与两对照组的各矢状位参数,并用Pearson相关分析DLS组各参数间相关性。结果:DLS组PI为50.4°±10.2°,显著高于正常青年对照组(45.1°±9.6°,P0.01)和成年对照组(46.9°±9.1°,P0.01)。与青年及成年对照组相比,DLS组LL、SS较小(P0.01),PT、SVA较大(P0.01);TK小于成年对照组(P0.01)。DLS组中合并退变性腰椎滑脱者37例(占35.9%),PI为53.1°±8.8°;无退变性腰椎滑脱者66例,PI为48.9°±10.6°,二者相比有统计学差异且均显著高于正常青年对照组(P0.05)。DLS组侧凸Cobb角与PT显著相关(P0.05),余冠状位参数与矢状位参数间未发现相关性;LL、PI、SS、PT两两之间显著相关(P0.01),LL、PT与TK显著相关(P0.01),SS与TK显著相关(P0.05),LL与SVA显著相关(P0.01)。结论 :DLS患者PI高于正常青年及颈椎病患者,高PI可能参与了DLS的发病机制;DLS患者退变、侧凸的腰椎仍存在调节矢状位平衡的能力。     

脊柱－骨盆矢状位参数及关节突关节角度对退变性腰椎滑脱的影响

目的：探讨脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数及关节突关节角度对退变性腰椎滑脱的影响及相关性研究。方法：以2016年7月至2019年9月确诊的120例L₄-L₅单节段退变性滑脱患者为观察对象（滑脱组）,以性别和年龄相匹配的120例L₄-L₅节段退变性椎管狭窄患者为对照（对照组）。通过影像学资料测量如下参数：骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）,骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）,骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）,腰椎前凸（lumbar lordosis,LL）,胸椎后凸（thoracic kyphosis,TK）,矢状面平衡（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）,L₄-L₅头侧关节突关节角,尾侧关节突关节角及小关节不对称性。比较两组患者参数的差异并对有意义参数行Logistic回归分析。对退变性腰椎滑脱患者关节突关节方向与脊柱-骨盆参数进行相关性分析。结果：两组患者在PI、PT、LL、SVA、头侧关节突关节角、尾侧关节突关节角差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析发现PI、PT及头侧关节突关节角是腰椎滑脱程度的危险因素（P<0.05）。滑脱组头侧关节突关节矢状化与PI、PT呈现显著相关（P<0.05）。结论：高PI、PT及头侧关节突关节矢状化是腰椎滑脱的危险因素,并且关节突关节矢状化程度和大PI、PT密切相关。     

老年退变性腰椎滑脱症患者脊柱骨盆矢状面参数研究

目的分析比较≥65岁老年退变性腰椎滑脱症（degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis,DLS）患者与同年龄段无滑脱人群的脊柱骨盆矢状面参数。方法选择2004年1月~2014年1月间于本院就诊,影像学资料完整,无峡部裂、椎体肿瘤,椎体结核、椎体压缩性骨折等疾病,且无腰椎手术史的≥65岁的DLS患者50例为滑脱组。以相同纳入标准选择50例年龄性别匹配的无腰椎滑脱的老年人为对照组。测量滑脱组患者腰椎滑脱椎间盘角和滑脱率均值,再测量并比较2组患者的腰椎前凸角（lumbar lordosis,LL）、骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）和骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）。滑脱组内再按性别分组比较各参数,并分别计算2组患者各参数间的相关性。结果滑脱组患者滑脱椎间盘角为7.4°±5.2°,滑脱率为（22.5±9.5）%。滑脱组患者的LL、PI、PT、SS均明显高于对照组。滑脱组内分性别比较时,滑脱参数和腰椎矢状面参数差异均无统计学意义。结论老年DLS患者较同龄无腰椎滑脱人群有着更大的LL、PI、PT、SS。性别因素可能对老年DLS患者的滑脱参数和主要脊柱骨盆矢状面参数无显著影响。     

脊柱骨盆矢状位参数预测退变性腰椎滑脱发生及发展的危险因素

目的探讨脊柱骨盆矢状位参数预测退变性腰椎滑脱发生及发展的危险因素。方法退变性腰椎滑脱及退变性腰椎管狭窄症病人71例,其中退变性腰椎滑脱病人36例,退变性腰椎管狭窄症病人35例。在站立位全脊柱侧位片上测量骨盆投射角(PI)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、骨盆倾斜度(PT)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、胸椎后凸角(TK)、腰椎骨盆前凸角(PR-LI,PR-L2,PR-L3,PR-L4,PR-L5)、骨盆形态(PR-S1)、腰4椎体倾斜角(L4S)、腰5椎体倾斜角(L5S)。所测退变性腰椎滑脱病例脊柱骨盆参数分别与退变性腰椎管狭窄症及正常国人脊柱骨盆参数进行比较,采用两独立样本t检验比较两组参数间的差异。结果退变性腰椎滑脱组PI[(57.67±11.78)°]、SS[(37.83±9.17)°]、LL[(54.65±11.45)°]明显大于退变性腰椎管狭窄症组[(44.47±8.75)°,(28.18±9.02)°,(38.97±15.59)°]及正常参考值[(44.75±9.01)°,(33.57±7.64)°,(48.75±10.03)°](P0.05);退变性腰椎滑脱组L4S[(8.18±9.98)°]、L5S[(19.96±8.33)°]明显大于退变性腰椎管狭窄症组[(3.32±7.95)°,(10.87±8.02)°](P0.05);退变性腰椎滑脱PR-L4[(57.63±13.44)°]、PR-L5[(45.76±10.92)°]及PR-S1[(27.91±10.41)°]明显小于退变性腰椎管狭窄症组[(65.48±10.70)°,(56.33±9.15)°,(38.63±7.29)°](P0.05)。结论高PI可能引起退变性腰椎滑脱发生及发展,L5椎体倾斜角是退变性腰椎滑脱发生的预测因素之一,退变性腰椎滑脱下腰椎骨盆前凸明显小于退变性腰椎管狭窄症。     

青少年重度腰椎滑脱脊柱-骨盆矢状位平衡的研究进展

正青少年腰椎滑脱是指在骨骼发育成熟前,头侧椎体相对于相邻尾侧椎体发生移位,常见于腰骶结合部位的L5/S1节段,可伴有相同节段峡部骨缺损或发育异常~([1、2])。既往研究表明,青少年腰椎滑脱的发生、发展与脊柱-骨盆矢状位序列之间存在着密切的联系:一方面,椎体滑脱造成局部应力改变、干扰腰骶椎形态的正常发育、破坏腰骶部的生理序列,进而影响脊柱-骨盆矢状位平衡状态;另一方     

矢状位腰椎-骨盆影像学参数研究进展

骨盆作为人体上肢与下肢的连接点,对维持人体矢状位平衡起着至关重要的作用。目前已有大量描述骨盆位置与形态的影像学参数,如骨盆指数(PI)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、骨盆倾斜角骨盆指数(PT)等,其中腰椎-骨盆参数是临床医师关注的重中之重。目前主要有2个系统来描述腰椎-骨盆位置关系,即以PI为核心的参数系统及以骨盆半径(PR)为核心的参数系统。该文就矢状位腰椎-骨盆影像学参数研究进展作一综述。     

后凸型低度退变性腰椎滑脱脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态特点及临床意义

目的 :探讨退变性腰椎滑脱节段呈后凸形态对滑移参数和脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态的影响及临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月～2016年4月在我院就诊的165例Ⅰ～Ⅱ度L4/5退变性滑脱患者,其中男29例,女136例,年龄42～72岁(平均54.3±11.9岁)。根据站立位全脊柱侧位X线片滑脱节段椎间隙的形态将患者分为后凸型滑脱组和非后凸型滑脱组。测量的滑脱参数包括滑脱率、滑脱角、前/后椎间隙高度及滑脱节段滑脱率、滑脱角活动度;矢状面参数包括骨盆入射角、骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角、矢状面垂直距离;同时通过疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale/score,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评估患者生活质量。采用独立样本t检验比较两组之间影像学和生活质量评估指标的差异。结果:21(12.7%)例为后凸型滑脱,其年龄显著高于非后凸型滑脱组(60.7±13.6 vs 53.4±11.9,P0.05)。后凸型滑脱组滑脱角明显低于非后凸型滑脱组(-3.2°±2.4°vs 7.3°±4.3°,P0.001),而滑脱率明显高于非后凸型滑脱组[(22.4±4.4)%vs (18.9±3.8)%,P0.001]。后凸型滑脱组前方椎间隙高度显著低于非后凸型滑脱组(P0.001),而后方椎间隙高度显著高于非后凸型滑脱组(P0.01)。后凸型滑脱组滑脱节段滑脱率和滑脱角活动度均显著高于非后凸型滑脱组(P0.001)。后凸型滑脱组骨盆倾斜角和矢状面垂直距离明显高于非后凸型滑脱组(P0.01),而骶骨倾斜角和腰椎前凸角明显低于非后凸型滑脱组(P0.05)。两组之间骨盆入射角和胸椎后凸角无统计学差异(P0.05),而后凸型滑脱组骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角显著高于非后凸型滑脱组(P0.001)。后凸型滑脱组VAS腰痛、腿痛评分和ODI显著高于非后凸型滑脱组(P0.05)。结论:L4/5退变性滑脱患者中约12.7%的患者为后凸型滑脱,较非后凸型滑脱患者表现出更为明显的腰椎前凸角丢失、骨盆后旋和躯干前倾,并导致生活质量降低。     

退变性脊柱侧凸患者脊柱-骨盆矢状位特点及各参数间的相关性分析

【摘要】 目的：分析退变性脊柱侧凸患者脊柱-骨盆矢状位平衡情况及各矢状位参数之间的相关性。方法：选取86例退变性脊柱侧凸患者,以侧凸角度的均数作为分组依据,分为轻度侧凸组（Cobb角＜34°）和重度侧凸组（Cobb角≥34°）,选取40例同年龄段健康体检者作为对照组,三组年龄及性别组成相匹配。测量并比较三组的脊柱矢状位参数：胸椎后凸角（TK）、腰椎前凸角（LL）、C7铅垂线与骶骨后上角的水平距离（SVA）,骨盆矢状位参数：骨盆指数（PI）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）、骨盆倾斜角（PT）。采用Pearson相关性检验判断脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数间的相关性。结果：对照组与轻度侧凸组、重度侧凸组之间PI无统计学差异（F=0.915,Ｐ=0.403）。三组之间TK、LL、SVA、PT及SS存在着统计学差异,多重比较检验结果显示：（1）重度侧凸组LL小于轻度侧凸组和对照组,轻度侧凸组小于对照组（Ｐ<0.05）;（2）重度侧凸组和轻度侧凸组TK小于对照组（Ｐ<0.05）,重度侧凸组和轻度侧凸组之间无差异（Ｐ>0.05）;（3）重度侧凸组和轻度侧凸组SVA大于对照组（Ｐ<0.05）,重度侧凸组和轻度侧凸组之间无差异（Ｐ>0.05）;（4）重度侧凸组PT大于轻度侧凸组和对照组,轻度侧凸组大于对照组（Ｐ<0.05）;（5）重度侧凸组SS小于轻度侧凸组和对照组,轻度侧凸组小于对照组（Ｐ<0.05）。相关性分析显示：对照组PI与PT、SS、TK及LL相关,SS与LL相关,TK与LL相关（Ｐ<0.05）;轻度侧凸组PI与PT、SS及LL相关,SS与LL相关,LL与SVA、Cobb角负相关（Ｐ<0.05）;重度侧凸组PI与PT、SS及LL相关,SS与LL相关,SS与Cobb角负相关,LL与SVA、Cobb角负相关（Ｐ<0.05）。结论：退变性脊柱侧凸引起的脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数变化主要为胸椎后凸、腰椎前凸、骶骨倾斜角的减小和SVA、骨盆倾斜角的增大,骨盆指数并无显著性变化。     

骨质疏松对老年人脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数影响的研究

目的 探讨骨质疏松对老年人脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数的影响。方法 选取2020年6月至2021年6月华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院骨科骨质疏松专科门诊接诊的115例骨质疏松患者作为观察组,其中男21例,女94例;年龄58～79岁,平均(67.76±9.17)岁。选择同时期来本院健康查体的60例无骨质疏松的志愿者作为对照组。其中男18例,女42例;年龄54～76岁,平均(65.25±10.38)岁。应用低辐射X线机拍摄站立位包括髋关节在内的脊柱侧位X线片以评估脊柱-骨盆矢状位形态。测量胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis, TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis, LL)、骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence, PI)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvictilt, PT)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope, SS)和矢状面垂直轴(sagittal vertical axis, SVA);应用相关性系数(intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC)评估观察者内和观察者间测量数据的可信度。比较两组病例脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数,以分析骨质疏...     

腰椎峡部裂滑脱患者脊柱-骨盆矢状位的平衡

目的研究腰椎峡部裂滑脱症患者手术治疗前后脊柱骨盆矢状位影像学参数变化。方法回顾分析54例施行单节段腰椎椎间cage融合术治疗的腰椎峡部裂滑脱患者资料,术前及随访时拍摄站立位脊柱全长正、侧位X线片,测量手术前后胸椎后凸(TK)、胸腰联合角(TLJ)、C7矢状面平衡(SVA)、脊柱-骨盆角(SSA)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)和骨盆入射角(PI),并应用Pearson相关系数对影像学结果进行相关分析。结果脊柱-骨盆相关参数中,除PI、TLJ和TK外,其余参数手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。SSA的变化与PT、PI、LL、SS及SVA的变化存在线性关系。结论腰椎后路椎间融合术可明显改善腰椎峡部裂滑脱症患者的脊柱骨盆矢状位状态,术前及术后的SSA可对患者脊柱矢状面平衡进行评估,SSA的重建可作为手术疗效评价的重要参考依据。     

The characteristics of spinopelvic sagittal alignment in patients with lumbar disc degenerative diseases

Purpose

A comparative study of the spinopelvic sagittal alignment in patients with lumbar disc degeneration or herniation (LDD/LDH) in normal population was designed to analyse the role of sagittal anatomical parameter (pelvic incidence, PI) and positional parameters in the pathogenesis and development of the disease. Several comparative studies of these patients with asymptomatic controls have been done. However, in previous studies without lumbar MRI, a certain number of asymptomatic LDD patients should have been included in the control group and then impacted on the results.

Methods

Based on MRI findings, we divided 60 LDD or LDH patients and 110 asymptomatic volunteers into the normal group (NG) and the degeneration group (DG), which was further subdivided into the symptomatic (SDG) and asymptomatic (ADG) subgroups according to patients’ symptoms. Standing full spine radiographs were used to measure sagittal parameters, including PI, sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and sacrum-bicoxofemoral distance (SFD).

Results

The PI, SS and LL in DG were significantly lower than NG, while the SVA and SFD were significantly greater (P < 0.05). PI correlated well with the SS and LL in all subjects. However, the trend lines of SS or LL over PI were downward in DG. PI was similar in SDG and ADG (P = 0.716) but SS and LL were significantly lower and SVA was significantly greater (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

PI may play a predisposing role in the pathogenesis of lumbar disc degenerative diseases. The secondary structural and compensatory factors would lead to a straighter spine after disc degenerative change.     

The correlation between sagittal spinopelvic alignment and degree of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis

BackgroundRecently, several authors reported that a high pelvic incidence (PI) might be a predisposing factor to the development of anterior slip in the vertebral body in degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS). The purpose of this study was to analyze patients with DS using a multiple linear regression model, in terms of the correlation between the sagittal spinopelvic parameters and the severity of slip in each lumbar spine, including both anterior and posterior directions.MethodsStanding lateral radiographs were taken of 104 patients (59 women and 45 men) with lower back pain. The spinopelvic parameters, including PI, sacral slope (SS) and pelvic tilt (PT), angle of thoracic kyphosis (TK), angle of lumbar lordosis (LL), and sagittal vertical axis offset (SVA) were measured. Additionally, the %Slip was measured at each level between the L1 and L5. The slip direction was presented as plus to the anterior, and minus to the posterior.ResultsThe PI, SS, and/or LL correlate with L3, L4, and/or L5%Slips. The TK and SVA did not correlate with %Slip. A multiple linear regression model shows that PI and LL were significant predictors for L4 %Slip. The ROC curve demonstrated a PI cutoff value of 51.3° and an LL cutoff value of 45.0° to be predictors of anterior slip at L4. Also, our regression models revealed that PI for L3 %Slip and SS for L5 %Slip constitute significant risk factors, while determination coefficients were low.ConclusionsOur results suggest that high PI and LL are significant predictors for L4 anterior slip. At L4, the anterior slip risk-factor cutoff value was 51.3° for PI and 45.0°for LL. Additionally, our results suggest that high PI and SS could comprise risk factors for L3 anterior slip and L5 anterior slip, respectively.     

退行性腰椎滑脱与退行性腰椎椎管狭窄症患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数的差异

目的应用骨盆半径(PR)技术分析退行性腰椎滑脱(DLS)与退行性腰椎椎管狭窄症(DSS)患者脊柱-骨盆参数的特点,并探讨其代偿机制。方法回顾性分析2015年9月—2017年8月宁夏医科大学总医院收治的36例DLS和35例DSS患者的影像学资料。在站立位全脊柱侧位X线片上测量脊柱矢状面平衡(SVA)、总腰椎骨盆前凸角(PR-T_(12))、骨盆形态(PR-S_1)、骨盆角(PA)、腰椎前凸(LL)和胸椎后凸(TK)。将2组所测参数分别与健康国人脊柱-骨盆参数进行比较,同时采用Pearson相关分析研究各脊柱骨盆-参数之间的相关性。结果 DLS组与DSS组中SVA、PA均明显大于正常参考值,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。DSS组PR-T_(12)明显小于正常参考值,DLS组PR-S_1明显小于正常参考值,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。DLS组PR-T_(12)与PA的相关性强于与LL、TK的相关性,DSS组PR-T_(12)与LL、TK的相关性强于与PA的相关性。DLS组PR-S_1与PA呈负相关,DSS组PR-S_1与PA无相关性。结论 DLS患者可能主要通过骨盆后倾维持脊柱矢状位平衡,DSS患者可能主要通过改变胸腰椎曲度维持脊柱矢状位平衡。     

双节段退行性腰椎滑脱症脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数特征

目的评估双节段退行性腰椎滑脱(dLDS)患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面失衡情况并探讨其代偿机制,为临床dLDS的诊治提供理论基础。方法回顾性分析2015年1月-2020年12月收治的80例Meyerding分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级的退行性腰椎滑脱(LDS)患者资料,根据滑脱节段分为dLDS组(20例)和单节段LDS(sLDS)组(60例),另选取40例无症状志愿者作为对照组。在术前站立位全脊柱侧位X线片上测量各组的脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数,包括骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、颈椎前凸角(CL)、胸椎后凸角(TK)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、下腰椎前凸角(LLL)、L₅入射角(L₅I)、矢状面偏移(SVA),并计算前凸分布指数(LDI)和PI-LL值(PI与LL的差值)。采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)和疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分对患者日常生活质量进行评估。结果 dLDS组和sLDS的PI、PT、L₅I、SVA、PI-LL均大于对照组,且dLDS组大于sLDS组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);dLDS组和sLDS的LLL、LDI均小于对照组,且dLDS组小于sLDS组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。dLDS组的SVA、PI-LL、PT失衡发生率均高于sLDS组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。LDS患者均有不同程度腰腿痛,且dLDS组的ODI、下腰痛和腿痛VAS评分均高于sLDS组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。相关分析结果显示,dLDS组ODI、下腰痛和腿痛VAS评分与PT、SVA、PI-LL呈正相关,与LL、LLL呈负相关。结论与sLDS患者相比,dLDS患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数改变更显著,矢状面失衡更严重,高PI值和L₅I值可能是dLDS发生发展的重要危险因素。     

The pelvic radius technique in the assessment of spinopelvic sagittal alignment of degenerative spondylolisthesis and lumbar spinal stenosis

Background

Degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) are the most common degenerative spinal diseases. The evaluating of spinopelvic sagittal alignment of the two diseases using pelvic radius (PR) technique have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to use PR measurement technique to compare the differences in spinopelvic sagittal alignment between DS and LSS.

Radiological analysis of upper lumbar disc herniation and spinopelvic sagittal alignment

Purpose

A retrospective cross-sectional study was designed to explore the role of spinopelvic sagittal alignment in upper lumbar disc herniation (ULD) development.

Methods

A total of 207 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for single-level lumbar disc herniation [24 with ULD and 183 with lower lumbar disc herniation (LLD)] and 40 asymptomatic volunteers were enrolled. Full-length radiographs of the spine were taken to evaluate pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA). The Roussouly classification was utilized to categorize all subjects according to their sagittal alignment. Spinopelvic parameters and Roussouly classification results were compared between groups.

Results

There were significant differences in PI, SS, PT, LL, and SVA between the ULD, LLD, and control groups. PI in the ULD (40.9°) was significantly lower than in the LLD and control groups (48.8° and 47.6°, respectively). LL was significantly lower in the ULD than in the LLD (?32.4° and ?40°, respectively). There were significant differences between the three groups in Roussouly types. The LLD had a significantly higher proportion (62.6 %) of type 2 lordosis (flat back), and the ULD had a higher proportion (33.3 %) of type 1 lordosis than the other groups.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the importance of PI and lumbar curvature in the pathogenesis of ULD. The higher prevalence of short LL and long TK with low PI in the ULD group implies that an increased mechanical stress at this level may be one of the risk factors of ULD.

     

腰椎峡部裂滑脱与退变性滑脱矢状位平衡比较研究

目的分析腰椎峡部裂滑脱与退变性滑脱的脊柱-骨盆矢状位平衡的差异。方法选择2012-01-2014-07就诊且资料完整的腰椎滑脱症患者共84例,峡部裂滑脱(峡部裂组)42例,男15例,女27例,年龄33~66岁;退变性滑脱(退变组)42例,男15例,女27例,年龄44~67岁。两组患者的ODI及JOA评分、体重指数(BMI)均没有统计学差异。测量以下参数:滑脱率(Slip Percentage,SP),骨盆入射角(Pelvic Incidence,PI)、骨盆倾斜角(Pelvic Tilt,PT)、骶骨倾斜角(Sacral Slope,SS)、颈胸和谐角(Cervical-Thoracic Angle,CTA)、胸腰和谐角(Thoracic-Lumbar Angle,TLA)、腰骶和谐角(Iumbar-Sacral Angle,LSA)、躯干整体平衡(Full Balance Integrated,FBI)。t检验比较两组参数的差异,Pearson相关分析矢状位参数与滑脱率间的相关性。结果峡部裂组的滑脱率(28.2°±9.6°)明显大于退变组(16.7°±8.3°)(P0.05),两组间骨盆参数、脊柱-骨盆曲线和谐角、FBI的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组中I度L4滑脱各参数的差异也无统计学意义。峡部裂组PI、PT、LSA与滑脱率存在显著相关性(P0.01),退变组PI、LSA与滑脱率存在显著相关性(P0.01)。结论在BMI及临床症状相同情况下,由于病因不同,峡部裂滑脱相比退变性滑脱具有较大的滑脱程度,但两者的骨盆形态、脊柱生理弯曲形态及躯干的整体平衡状态却是相似的。     

Comparative study of spinopelvic sagittal alignment between patients with and without degenerative spondylolisthesis

Introduction

To date, few studies have focused on spinopelvic sagittal alignment as a predisposing factor for the development of degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS). The objectives of this study were to compare differences in spinopelvic sagittal alignment between patients with or without DS and to elucidate factors related to spinopelvic sagittal alignment.

Materials and methods

A total of 100 patients with or without DS who underwent surgery for lumbar spinal canal stenosis were assessed in this study. Fifty patients with DS (DS group) and 50 age- and gender-matched patients without DS (non-DS group) were enrolled. Spinopelvic parameters including pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), L4 slope, L5 slope, thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL) and sagittal balance were compared between the two groups. In the DS group, the percentage of vertebral slip (% slip) was also measured.

Results

Several spinopelvic parameters, PI, SS, L4 slope, L5 slope, TK and LL, in the DS group were significantly greater than those in the non-DS group, and PI had positive correlation with % slip (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). Degrees of correlations among spinopelvic parameters differed between the two groups. In the DS group, PI was more strongly correlated with SS (r = 0.82, p < 0.001) than with PT (r = 0.41, p < 0.01). In the non-DS group, PI was more strongly correlated with PT (r = 0.73, p < 0.001) than with SS (r = 0.38, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Greater PI may lead to the development and the progression of vertebral slip. Different compensatory mechanisms may contribute to the maintenance of spinopelvic sagittal alignment in DS and non-DS patients.     

Acquired spondylolysis and spinopelvic sagittal alignment

Acquired spondylolysis represents an uncommon complication of spine surgery, of an unknown incidence and etiology. We studied patients presenting this rare entity, with the purpose to investigate the incidence, imaging findings, patients’ clinical characteristics, as well as to provide an interpretation of the mechanisms that may lead to this phenomenon. The presented working hypothesis, regarding etiology, suggests that there is a relation between variations in spinopelvic sagittal alignment and acquired spondylolysis. Between January 2010 and January 2015, six patients presented spondylolysis after short-segment transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, at a mean time of 43 months after surgery. The preoperative intactness and postoperative defect of pars interarticularis were documented with computed tomography scans in all patients. Standard radiographical spinopelvic parameters were measured before and after surgery. The optimum values of lumbar lordosis (LL) and pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis modifier (PI-LL mismatch) were calculated as well. The incidence of acquired spondylolysis was 0.95% among patients with short-segment lumbar fusion. Patients presented high-grade PI with a vertically orientated sacral endplate, while LL was found 9° greater and PI-LL mismatch 9° lower than the respective optimum values, indicating a non-harmonized alignment. In conclusion, acquired spondylolysis, though rare, may occur in patients with high-grade PI and sacral slope, and suboptimal spinopelvic sagittal alignment after lumbar spine surgery, thereby highlighting the importance of detailed preoperative planning in spine surgery, along with the study of sagittal balance.