HBV感染外周血单个核细胞的临床意义

HBV可感染外周血单个核细胞并在细胞内复制。HBV感染外周血单个核细胞与隐性HBV感染有关；与围产期母婴传播相关；影响机体体液免疫及细胞免疫状态，使HBV持续感染；也与病情的轻重及反复有关。     

HBV感染外周血单个核细胞的临床意义

HBV可感染外周血单个核细胞并在细胞内复制。HBV感染外周血单个核细胞与隐性HBV感染有关 ;与围产期母婴传播相关 ;影响机体体液免疫及细胞免疫状态 ,使HBV持续感染 ;也与病情的轻重及反复有关。     

肠外营养中脂肪乳剂对红细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响

利用大鼠胃肠外营养(PN)模型观察长链脂肪乳剂(LCT),中链/长链脂肪乳剂(MCT/LCT),以及不含脂肪乳剂对红细胞(RBC)膜磷脂肪酸组成的影响。PN总热量为300kcal.kg~(-1).d~(-1),非蛋白热卡:氮为182:1,LCT组,MCT/LCT组分别由10％的Intralipid和10％的Lypofundin提供30％的非蛋白热卡。7天后,分析RBC膜磷脂酰二极管胆硷(PC)脂肪酸组成。结果发现,不含脂肪乳剂组18:1n-9明显高于对照组;LCT组18:2n-6升高,而20:4n-6却下降;MCT/LCT组与对照组相比,脂肪酸组成变化不明显。结论:无脂肪乳剂TPN导致必需脂肪酸缺乏;LCT组由于18:2n-6的过量供给,抑制Δ6去饱和酶的活性,MCT/LCT组由于50％LCT被MCT替代,减低了对此酶活性抑制。     

母亲外周血单个核细胞HBV感染对围生儿的影响

目的探讨母亲HBV感染的外周血单个核细胞在HBV宫内感染中的作用。方法用套式多聚酶链反应(nPCR)法分别检测41例HBsAg阳性、12例HBsAg阴性而其他标志物阳性和16例乙肝血清标志物全部阴性的孕产妇及其新生儿血清和外周血单个核细胞中的HBVDNA。结果HBsAg阳性产妇外周血单个核细胞中的HBVDNA阳性率为31.7%(13/41);外周血单个核细胞感染率与血清HBeAg和HBVDNA的状态及水平无关(P>0.05);新生儿外周血单个核细胞HBVDNA阳性率在母亲血清和外周血单个核细胞HBVDNA均阳性组显著高于仅血清阳性组;母亲外周血单个核细胞HBVDNA阳性组显著高于阴性组(P<0.05);1例母亲血清HBVDNA阴性而外周血单个核细胞HBVDNA阳性,其新生儿血清中检出HBVDNA。结论母亲HBV感染的外周血单个核细胞有可能作为载体导致HBV宫内感染。     

HCV感染外周血单个核细胞和丙型肝炎的关系研究

丙型肝炎慢性化的机制至今尚不清楚，近几年来，人们发现丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）可以感染外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）并证实和ＨＣＶ的致病机理及慢性化之间存在着密切的关系，本文综合有关文献，就ＨＣＶ感染ＰＢＭＣ的机制及其对人体免疫功能，丙型肝炎的病变过程及治疗方面所产生的影响作一概述。     

结核病人外周血单个核细胞结核菌DNA转阴时间探讨

探讨结核病人外周单个核细胞ＰＣＲ结果转阴时间。方法 对１５例确诊为活动性肺核病人进行正规抗痨，追查其外周血单个核细胞结核ＰＣＲ结果转阴性的时间，同时检测１０例三年前涂阳肺结核已治愈者的血单个核细胞结核菌ＰＣＲ。     

脂肪乳剂对机体免疫功能影响的研究进展

随着临床静脉营养的开展，脂肪乳剂对免疫系统的影响日益受到重视。人们从多个角度包括脂肪乳剂的物理性状、生物学特性及各种脂肪酸成分对免疫功能的影响进行了研究１脂肪乳剂的理、化性质对机体免疫功能的影响脂肪乳剂提供一种等渗的来自大豆油或红花油的多价不饱和脂肪...     

苯短期重复染毒对小鼠外周血单个核细胞免疫功能的影响

目的探究苯短期重复染毒对BALB/c小鼠外周血单个核细胞免疫功能的影响。方法选用6～8周雄性BALB/c小鼠,随机分为对照组、低剂量组(50 mg/kg体质量)、中剂量组(150 mg/kg体质量)和高剂量组(500 mg/kg体质量)。采用灌胃的方式进行染毒,每天灌胃1次,每周5 d,连续4周。末次灌胃24 h后采取小鼠外周血进行血细胞计数,用ELISA法测定血浆中Ig G、IL-2和IL-6等免疫分子含量,提取外周血单个核细胞测定其线粒体ROS及ATP含量,分别用TBA法、羟胺法和DTNB法测定血浆中SOD、GSH-Px活力和MDA含量。结果低、中和高剂量组小鼠外周血白细胞、淋巴细胞、红细胞和血红蛋白计数明显低于对照组,中、高剂量组小鼠外周血血小板计数明显低于对照组;低、中和高剂量组小鼠外周血血浆中Ig G、IL-2和IL-6含量明显低于对照组;低、中和高剂量组小鼠外周血单个核细胞线粒体ROS含量明显高于对照组,高剂量组小鼠外周血单个核细胞ATP含量明显低于对照组;中、高剂量组小鼠外周血血浆中SOD、GSH-PX活力明显低于对照组,MDA含量明显高于对照组。结论苯短期重复染毒可以引起小鼠外周血氧化应激,导致小鼠外周血单个核细胞线粒体功能下降,进而抑制外周血单个核细胞免疫功能。     

丙型肝炎病毒成外周血单个核细胞中复制状态的研究

采用套式逆转录ＰＣＲ方法检测２６例题内型肝炎及丙型肝炎病毒携带者的血清，外周血清单个核细胞及其末次洗液中的ＨＣＶＲＮＡ。结果２６例血清中正链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ全部阳性；外周血单个核细胞中正链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ２２例阳性、负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ１５是性；末次洗液中正链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ全部阴性。说明ＨＣＶ不仅感染ＰＢＭＣ而且在其中复制，与丙型肝炎的复发、慢性化及干扰素治疗的疗效不佳有关。     

Total Fatty Acid and Polar Lipid Species Composition of Human Milk

Human milk lipids are essential for infant health. However, little is known about the relationship between total milk fatty acid (FA) composition and polar lipid species composition. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the relationship between the FA and polar lipid species composition in human milk, with a focus on differences between milk with higher or lower milk fat content. From the Norwegian Human Milk Study (HUMIS, 2002–2009), a subset of 664 milk samples were analyzed for FA and polar lipid composition. Milk samples did not differ in major FA, phosphatidylcholine, or sphingomyelin species percentages between the highest and lowest quartiles of total FA concentration. However, milk in the highest FA quartile had a lower phospholipid-to-total-FA ratio and a lower sphingomyelin-to-phosphatidylcholine ratio than the lowest quartile. The only FAs associated with total phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin were behenic and tridecanoic acids, respectively. Milk FA and phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin species containing these FAs showed modest correlations. Associations of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids with percentages of phosphatidylcholine species carrying these FAs support the conclusion that the availability of these FAs limits the synthesis of phospholipid species containing them.     

Effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid,Linoleic Acid,Phytanic Acid and the Combination of Various Fatty Acids on Proliferation and Cytokine Expression of Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Fatty acids may have an impact on immune functions, which is important in times of increased mobilization of body fat, e.g., around parturition. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the CLA isomers cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12, phytanic acid (PA), linoleic acid (LA) and a fatty acid (FA) mixture (containing 29.8% palmitic acid, 6.7% palmitoleic acid, 17.4% stearic acid and 46.1% oleic acid) on the proliferation of bovine blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro using alamar blue (AB) and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed to evaluate the expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ in response to cis-9,trans-11 and LA. The IC₅₀ values did not differ between the investigated FA, but there were differences within the proliferation in the response of these FA in a concentration range between 20 and 148 µM (e.g., increased proliferation after treatment with lower concentrations of LA). No differences occurred when different FA combinations were tested. ConA stimulation increased the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ, whereas IL-10 decreased. In general, neither the baseline expression nor the ConA-stimulated mRNA expression of cytokines and PPAR-γ were affected by the FA. In conclusion, all FA inhibit the proliferation of PBMC dose dependently without significantly altering the induced cytokine spectrum of activated bovine PBMC.     

Beyond Saturated Fat: The Importance of the Dietary Fatty Acid Profile on Cardiovascular Disease

Saturated fat reduction is a primary goal for decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. In a recent epidemiologic study, a low-fat diet high in saturated fat (10.6%-16.0% energy) was associated with less progression of coronary atherosclerosis, whereas carbohydrate intake (67% energy) was associated with a greater degree of progression in postmenopausal women.     

Effects of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition on Lipid Metabolism and Body Fat Accumulation in Ovariectomized Rats

Background: Obesity is a state of excess energy storage resulting in body fat accumulation, and postmenopausal obesity is a rising issue. In this study using ovariectomized (OVX) rats, we mimicked low estrogen levels in a postmenopausal state in order to investigate the effects of different amounts and types of dietary fatty acids on body fat accumulation and body lipid metabolism. Methods: At 9 weeks of age, rats (n = 40) were given an ovariectomy, eight of which were sham-operated to serve as a control group (S). We then divided OVX rats into four different intervention groups: diet with 5% soybean oil (C), and diet with 5% (L), 15% (M), and 20% (H) (w/w) experimental oil, containing 60% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and with a polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio of 5. Results: After OVX, compared to the S group, the C group showed significantly higher body weight, and insulin and leptin levels. Compared to the C group, the H group had lower hepatic triglyceride level and FAS enzyme activity, and higher hepatic ACO and CPT-1 gene expressions and enzyme activities. Conclusions: An OVX leads to severe weight gain and lipid metabolism abnormalities, while according to previous studies, high fat diet may worsen the situation. However, during our experiment, we discovered that the experimental oil mixture with 60% MUFAs and P/S = 5 may ameliorate these imbalances.     

溃疡性结肠炎患者外周血单个核细胞IL-13mRNA表达的研究

目的探讨溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)白介13(IL-13)mRNA表达与血清C反应蛋白(C-RP)的关系。方法对21例溃疡性结肠炎(UC)活动期患者、10例缓解期患者及20例健康人,采用RT-PCR法和图像分析半定量法检测PBMCs中IL-13mRNA的表达水平及血清C反应蛋白(CRP)浓度。结果活动期UC患者IL-13mRNA的表达水平(6.45±1.23)明显低于缓解期UC患者(14.72±2.12)和健康人(15.17±2.38)(t=2.13,2.24,P<0.05),而缓解期UC患者与健康人比较无明显降低(t=1.63,P>0.05)。活动期UC患者IL-13mRNA的表达水平(6.45±1.23)与血清C-RP浓度(8.36±3.16mg/L)呈负相关(r=-0.589,P<0.05)。结论活动期UC患者PBMCs中IL-13mRNA表达水平显著降低,炎症活动程度与IL-13基因转录降低有关。     

亚油酸对红细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸组成的作用

亚油酸（１８∶２ｎ６）是必需脂肪酸（ＥＦＡ）。肠外营养（ＰＮ）中应用中链／长链脂肪乳剂（ＭＣＴ／ＬＣＴ）,即中链脂肪乳剂和长链脂肪乳剂各一半物理混合形成的脂肪乳剂,含有ＥＦＡ,以１０％的ＬｉｐｏｆｕｎｄｉｎＭＣＴ／ＬＣＴ为例,１８∶２ｎ６占脂肪酸总量的２６％。为探明１８∶２ｎ６对维持红细胞（ＲＢＣ）膜磷脂脂肪酸组成平衡的意义,我们进行下列研究。　　　１　材　料　与　方　法１．１　动物及分组　　禁食２４ｈ后,体重１９２～２２８ｇ的２４只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠随机分为三组,每组８只。（１）对照组：右…     

The Effect of Meal Frequency on the Fatty Acid Composition of Serum Phospholipids in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: Fatty acids are important cellular constituents that can affect many metabolic processes relevant for the development of diabetes and its complications. We previously demonstrated a positive effect of eating just 2 meals a day, breakfast and lunch, compared to 6 small meals. The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore the effect of meal frequency on the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: In a randomized, crossover study, we assigned 54 patients with T2D to follow one of 2 regimens of a hypocaloric diet (?500 kcal/day), each for 12 weeks: 6 meals (A6) or 2 meals a day, breakfast and lunch (B2). The diet in both regimens had the same macronutrient and energy content. The fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids was measured at weeks 0, 12, and 24, using gas liquid chromatography. Insulin sensitivity was derived as an oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) index.

Results: Saturated fatty acids (mainly myristic and palmitic acids) decreased (p < 0.001) and n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased (p < 0.001) in response to both regimens but more with B2 (p < 0.001 for both). Monounsaturated fatty acids decreased (p < 0.05) and n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased (p < 0.001) in response to both regimens, with no difference between the regimens. An increase in OGIS correlated positively with changes in the proportion of linoleic acid in B2. This correlation remained significant even after adjustment for changes in body mass index (BMI; r = +0.38; p = 0.012).

Conclusions: We demonstrated that meal frequency affects the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids. The B2 regimen had more marked positive effects, with saturated fatty acids and the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids decreasing more. The increase in linoleic acid could partly explain the insulin-sensitizing effect of B2 in T2D.     

社区居民脂肪肝程度调查与血脂、肝功能水平的相关性研究

目的调查社区居民脂肪肝程度现状．分析脂肪肝与血脂、肝功能水平的相关性,为临床诊治提供参考依据。方法选择2013年我社区经B超检查诊断为脂肪肝的124例患者为研究对象,所有患者均进行超声检查、血脂检查（TO、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C）及肝功能检查（ALT、GGT）。同期选择124例非脂肪肝健康体检人群作为对照组,分析社区内居民脂肪肝程度、特点,并比较脂肪肝患者与健康人群血脂、肝功能指标的差异性。结果（1）124例脂肪肝患者B超诊断分度情况：轻度51例（41．1％）。中度62例（50．0％）,重度重度11例（8．9％）;（2）脂肪肝组患者TC、TG和LDL—C水平明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义,HDL-C水平明显低于健康组,差异具有统计学意义;（3）脂肪肝组患者ALT、GGT水平均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。结论我社区居民脂肪肝程度以轻中度为主,脂肪肝形成与肝功能损害、高血脂存在一定关联性,调脂、保肝和降酶对于脂肪肝治疗具有重要意义。定期进行肝、胆超声检查和血脂、肝功能等指标监测是预防和评判疗效的有效方法。     

Effects of Three-Month Feeding High Fat Diets with Different Fatty Acid Composition on Myocardial Proteome in Mice

Westernized diet is characterized by a high content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and a low level of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), often accompanied by an imbalance in the omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio. Since increased intake of SFA and n-6 PUFA is considered as a cardiovascular disease risk factor, this study was conducted to determine whether a three-month dietary supplementation of high-fat diets (HFDs) with saturated fatty acids and a significant proportion of various n-6 and n-3 PUFA ratios would affect the architecture and protein expression patterns of the murine heart. Therefore, three HFD (n = 6) feeding groups: rich in SFA, dominated by PUFA with the n-6/n-3–14:1, and n-6/n-3–5:1, ratios were compared to animals fed standard mouse chow. For this purpose, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis with MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry-based identification of differentially expressed cardiac proteins, and a histological examination of cardiac morphology. The results indicated that mice fed with all HFDs developed signs of hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. Animals fed SFA-rich HFD manifested the most severe cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis lesions, whereas less pronounced changes were observed in the group of animals that ingested the highest amount of omega-3 FA. In general, all HFDs, regardless of FA composition, evoked a comparable pattern of cardiac protein changes and affected the following biological processes: lipid metabolism and FA β-oxidation, glycolysis, TCA cycle, respiratory chain, myocardium contractility, oxidative stress and PUFA eicosanoid metabolism. However, it should be noted that three proteins, namely IDH3A, LDHB, and AK1, were affected differently by various FA contents. High expression of these myocardial proteins found in the group of animals fed a HFD with the highest n-3 PUFA content could be closely related to the observed development of hypertrophy.     

Dietary Fat and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intakes during Childhood Are Prospectively Associated with Puberty Timing Independent of Dietary Protein

Dietary fat and fat quality have been inconsistently associated with puberty timing. The aim of this study was to investigate the prospective associations of dietary fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) with puberty timing. Using longitudinal data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and Southwest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth (SCCNG) Study, we analyzed dietary data, anthropometric measurements, and potential confounders. Dietary intakes were assessed by 3-day 24-h recalls. Age at Tanner stage 2 for breast/genital development (B2/G2) and age at menarche/voice break (M/VB) were used as puberty development markers. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the relevance of dietary intake of total fat, SFA, PUFA, and MUFA on puberty timing. Among 3425 girls and 2495 boys, children with higher intakes of total fat and PUFA were more likely to reach their B2/G2 or M/VB at an earlier age. Associations were not attenuated on additional adjustment for childhood dietary protein intake. However, higher intakes of SFA or MUFA were not independently associated with puberty development. A higher intake of dietary fat and PUFA in prepuberty was associated with earlier puberty timing, which was independent of dietary protein intake.