用形态发育指标预测月经初潮年龄的研究—Cox线性Logistic模型…

本利用４３５名青春期少女６－１４岁生长发育纵向调查资料，研究身体形态发育水平及发育速度与月经初潮年龄的关系，并用Ｃｏｘ线性Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ模型，对用反映形态发育水平及发育速度的指标进行月经初潮年龄的预测方法研究。入选模型对预测有显贡献的因素为：年龄，该年龄时的瘦体重，该年龄小一岁到该年龄时的瘦体重增长量，该年龄小二岁到该年龄小一岁时的瘦体重增长量等４项指标，该模型预测符合率较高。达８７．０％，     

卫生统计

960942对卫生统计学的性质等两个问题的看法/陆守曾刀中国卫生统计一1994,l1(特刊)一1~39.0943用形态发育指标预测月经初潮年龄的研究一cox线性Logistic模型的应用澎崇基…刀中国学校卫生一1994,15(6)一471~473 利用435名青春期少女6~14岁生长发育纵向调查资料,研究身体形态发育水平及发育速度与月经初潮年龄的关系,并用cox线性Logistic模型,对用反映形态发育水平及发育速度的指标进行月经初潮年龄的预测方法研究。入选模型对预测有显著贡献的因素为:年龄、该年龄时的瘦体重、该年龄小一岁到该年龄时的瘦体重增长量、该年龄小二岁到该年龄…     

月经初潮年龄与骨龄和形态指标关系的研究

目的：研究月经初潮与骨龄及形态指标的关系。方法：牟１９９１年入学的沈阳市某小学６０名８岁女生进行９年追踪调查,对初潮年龄、初潮骨龄、初潮体重、ＢＭＩ指数、瘦体重等指标进行比较,应用ＳＡＳ软件统计分析。结果：发生月经初潮时,形态指标变异系数均较时间年龄大,骨龄的变异系数最小。无论哪种类型初潮时瘦体重、ＢＭＩ指数均较接近。结论：骨龄预测月经初潮较准确;ＢＭＩ指数是开矿指标中预测月经初潮最有代表性的一个     

学生体成份及ROHRER指数与男生首遗女生初潮年龄的关系

对成都市城乡3139名和中小学生的女生半数月经初潮年龄（12．9岁）与体脂增长速度高峰年龄（13岁）和男生半数首次遗精年龄（14．4岁）与瘦体重增长速度高峰年龄（13岁）关系的分析提示，青春期性发育与形态发育间有密切的联系，并认为用皮褶厚度法间接推算出的女生体脂／男生瘦体重，对于预测女生月经初潮和男生首次遗精的来临、指导适时开展青春期保健和健康教育具有一定意义。     

不同月经初潮年龄少女身体发育的动态观察

本文利用435名日本女生的6～15岁身高、体重纵向发育资料，对不同月经初潮年龄少女青春期生长发育的差异进行了分析比较。发现早潮者突增开始早，峰龄也较早，青春早、中期形态发育水平较高，其发育速度曲线较晚潮者峭陡狭窄，突增高峰至初潮的间隔时间较短，并有部分早潮女生的初潮年龄早于身高、体重的突增峰龄。     

月经初潮年龄的调查和计算方法

<正> 女孩月经初潮年龄和男孩首次遗精年龄在反映儿童的性发育速度和水平方面很有意义。将她们与身高、体重等发育指标综合分析,能较好地反映一代儿童的发育状况。因此,在儿童生长发育研究中,月经初潮(首次遗精一下同)年龄是一项常用指     

云南5民族学生初潮,遗精对其形态机能发育影响的研究

青春发育期是儿童发育到成年的过渡时期，是人生中至关重要的发育阶段。评价青春发育的指标很多，其中月经初潮与首次造精是青春期发育的重要标志之一。本文应用1995年云南省学生体质、健康调查研究资料，分析云南省汉、纳西、哈尼。傈僳、怄5个民族9～18岁学生月经初潮与遗精对形态、机能发育水干和速度的影响程度，现将结果报道如下。1调查结果与分析11月经初潮及首次遇精年龄：5民族学生月经初潮和首次遗精年龄（见表1）。月经初潮和首次退精年龄最早为侗族，其次为汉族、傈僳族，最大年龄为纳西族和哈尼族。月经初潮年龄比首次遗精年龄…     

昆明地区汉族女学生月经初潮年龄的研究

本文对昆明地区汉族女学生月经来潮率、半数初潮年龄,月经初潮与形态发育的关系作了研究,结果表明,城区女生初潮年龄最早为10岁,郊区为11岁,10～13岁城区组来潮率均高于郊区组,城区组半数月经初潮年龄为12.81岁,郊区组为13岁,从月经初潮的长期趋势中看出城区每十年提早1.12岁,郊区只提早0.98岁,月经初潮与形态发育有一定关系,来潮组学生的形态发育水平高于未来潮组。     

云南省女生月经初潮与形态发育关系

了解云南省女生月经初潮与形态发育之间的关系,为研究学生生长发育规律和开展青春期教育提供依据.方法 利用2010年全国学生体质健康调研数据,对云南省7个民族9~18岁女生月经来潮对身高、体重、胸围、维尔威克指数的影响进行统计检验.结果 2010年云南省女生半数月经初潮年龄最小为汉族(12.62岁)、纳西族(12.64岁),最大为佤族(13.06岁)、哈尼族(13.12岁).11~ 14岁各民族来潮组女生形态发育优于未来潮组(P<0.01).月经来潮早的汉族、纳西族各年龄段女生的身高、体重均值均高于其他民族女生,并一直持续到18岁成年期之后.结论 女生月经初潮与形态发育关系密切.初潮年龄与经济水平、营养状况有关,且受儿童期体格发育水平的影响.     

中国9～18岁少数民族女生月经初潮与形态发育关系研究

目的了解我国9~18岁少数民族女生月经初潮年龄及与形态发育之间的关系,为研究少数民族女生生长发育规律和开展青春期教育提供依据。方法利用2005年全国学生体质健康调研数据,对蒙、回、壮、朝鲜族9~18岁女生的月经初潮年龄、身高、体重、胸围和BM I等指标进行比较和统计检验。结果 2005年蒙、回、壮和朝鲜族女生月经初潮年龄分别为12.78,13.28,12.71,12.35岁。18岁组蒙、回、壮和朝鲜族女生身高分别为159.0,159.0,155.1和157.5 cm,体重分别为54.7,53.3,47.6和52.3 kg,胸围分别为78.7,78.8,75.7和79.4 cm。11~14岁已来潮女生形态发育情况要好于未来潮女生(P值均<0.01)。结论朝鲜族女生月经初潮年龄早于蒙、回、壮族,蒙古族和回族女生成年身高较高,月经初潮与形态发育关系密切。     

Timing of maturation and predictors of menarche in girls enrolled in a contemporary British cohort

This study describes the timing of puberty in 8‐ to 13‐year‐old girls enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and identifies factors associated with earlier achievement of menarche. Women were enrolled during pregnancy and their offspring were followed prospectively. We analysed self‐reported Tanner staging and menstrual status information collected annually from daughters up to age 13. We used survival models to estimate median age of attainment of stage >1 and stage >2 of breast and pubic hair development and of menarche. We also constructed multivariable logistic regression models to identify factors associated with earlier achievement of menarche. About 12% of girls reported Tanner breast stage >1 at age 8; 98% of girls were above stage 1 by age 13. For pubic hair, 5% and 95% of girls had attained a stage >1 by 8 and 13 years, respectively. The estimated median age of entry into stage >1 of breast development was 10.14 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.08, 10.19), and for pubic hair development the median age was 10.92 years [95% CI, 10.87, 10.97]. One girl (out of 2953) had attained menarche by age 8; 60% had attained menarche by age 13. The estimated median age at menarche was 12.93 years [95% CI, 12.89, 12.98]. Prenatal predictors of menarche by age 11 (12% of girls) included earlier maternal age at menarche, high maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index, smoking during the third trimester, and non‐white race; the single postnatal predictor was the girl's body size at 8 years. Age at attainment of breast and pubic hair Tanner stage and age at menarche in the ALSPAC cohort are similar to ages reported in other European studies that were conducted during overlapping time periods. The results also give added support to the strong influence of maternal maturation, pre‐adolescent body size and race on the timing of a girl's menarche. This cohort will continue to be followed for maturational information until age 17.     

Resting metabolic rate and thermogenic effect of glucose in trained and untrained girls age 11-15 years

Twelve girls who trained in rowing were examined twice a year for 4 years. Their initial age was 11.7 +/- (SD) 0.2 yrs. Control groups consisted of 13 girls age 11.5 +/- 0.3 yrs and 18 girls age 14.4 +/- 0.3 yrs examined simultaneously with trained girls in the first and last year of the study, respectively. The examination involved basic anthropometry, estimation of sexual maturation (Tanner scale), 2-day food records, measurements of resting metabolic rate, energy expenditure following glucose ingestion (50 g), and determinations of blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations prior to and 2 hrs after glucose load. Body mass, height, and fat content were slightly greater in trained girls. None of the subjects reported disturbances in menstrual function, and the age of menarche was similar for all. Both trained and untrained girls reported similar daily energy intake closer to the lower limit or slightly below the estimates of energy requirements for adolescents. Resting metabolic rate calculated per kg of total body mass or lean body mass was lower in trained girls, while the thermogenic effect of glucose was greater. Plasma insulin concentrations measured 2 hrs after glucose ingestion were lower in trained girls. The results suggest that in circumpubertal girls, increased physical activity leads to energy conservation at rest in postabsorptive state and a tendency toward enhancement of food-induced thermogenesis.     

广西女性月经初潮年龄相关因素分析

目的分析影响广西地区女性月经初潮年龄的相关因素。方法调查848名年龄在14~16岁之间的女生及母亲的相关因素,用多元线性回归分析这些因素与初潮年龄的关系。结果平均初潮年龄为13.04±1.45岁。母亲初潮年龄,1岁时体块指数(BMI),出生时体重,母亲身高和出生时身长为影响月经初潮年龄的主要因素。结论女孩初潮年龄不仅与遗传因素有关,而且与宫内环境和儿童时期的发育有关。     

上海市中小学生1979～2000年生长发育状况

目的　了解上海市中小学生生长发育现状及长期变化趋势。方法　根据全国学生体质健康调研的实施方案分层整群抽样 ,并进行统计分析。结果　 2 0 0 0年上海 7～ 1 8岁城乡男女学生形态指标 (身高、体重、胸围 )差异仍存在 ,但差异呈缩小趋势。与历年资料比较 ,优于历年均值 (P <0 .0 1 )。维尔维克指数显示男生大于女生 ,除女生 1 6～ 1 8岁年龄组外城市大于乡村。女生月经初潮平均年龄城乡分别为 1 1 .86岁和 1 2 .92岁 ,男生首次遗精平均年龄城乡分别为 1 4 .55岁、1 4 .0 2岁。结论　上海 7～ 1 8岁学生形态发育仍处于稳定增长期 ,女生月经初潮和男生首次遗精有提前趋势。     

Do mental health and behavioural problems of early menarche persist into late adolescence? A three year follow-up study among adolescent girls in Oslo,Norway

Early menarche has been linked to mental health and behavioural problems in several studies. Most of these studies are cross-sectional, the data gathered during puberty. Thus, there is a lack of research on the long-term effect of early menarche on mental health. The main aim of this study was to explore whether the differences in mental health problems between girls with early and late menarche persist into late adolescence. The data consisted of responses from a large school-based survey of all 10th grade girls (15 years of age) in Oslo, Norway. Of the 1860 participating girls in the 2001 survey, 1377 were included in the three year follow-up study in 2004, giving a response rate of 74%. Mental distress was measured with the Hopkins Symptom Check list 10-version. Additional items assessed were number of sexual partners, weight and body satisfaction. All information was self-reported, including age of menarche. We found a clear gradient in the cross sectional analyses at baseline of higher odds for mental distress at lower age of menarche even after adjustment for socio demographic and other factors. In the analysis of the follow-up data there was no statistically significant difference in mental distress across age of menarche, even though the differences in body and weight satisfaction and average body mass index remained at the same level between baseline and follow-up. We therefore conclude that the effects of age of menarche on mental health problems are a transitory problem during puberty.     

Development of bioelectrical impedance-derived indices of fat and fat-free mass for assessment of nutritional status in childhood

OBJECTIVES: (1) To develop a method of manipulating bioelectrical impedance (BIA) that gives indices of lean and fat adjusted for body size, using a large normative cohort of children. (2) To assess the discriminant validity of the method in a group of children likely to have abnormal body composition. DESIGN: Two prospective cohort studies. SETTING: Normative data: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), population based cohort; proof of concept study: tertiary feeding clinic and special needs schools. SUBJECTS: Normative data: 7576 children measured aged between 7.25 and 8.25 (mean 7.5) (s.d.=0.2) years; proof of concept study: 29 children with either major neurodisability or receiving artificial feeding, or both, mean age 7.6 (s.d.=2) years. MEASURES: Leg-to-leg (Z (T)) and arm-to-leg (Z (B)) BIA, weight and height. Total body water (TBW) was estimated from the resistance index (RI=height(2)/Z), and fat-free mass was linearly related to TBW. Fat mass was obtained by subtracting fat-free mass from total weight. Fat-free mass was log-transformed and the reciprocal transform was taken for fat mass to satisfy parametric model assumptions. Lean and fat mass were then adjusted for height and age using multiple linear regression models. The resulting standardized residuals gave the lean index and fat index, respectively. RESULTS: In the normative cohort, the lean index was higher and fat index lower in boys. The lean index rose steeply to the middle of the normal range of body mass index (BMI) and then slowly for higher BMI values, whereas the fat index rose linearly through and above the normal range. In the proof of concept study, the children as a group had low lean indices (mean (s.d.) -1.5 (1.7)) with average fat indices (+0.21 (2.0)) despite relatively low BMI standard deviation scores (-0.60 (2.3)), but for any given BMI, individual children had extremely wide ranges of fat indices. The lean index proved more stable and repeatable than BMI. CONCLUSIONS: This clinical method of handling BIA reveals important variations in nutritional status that would not be detected using anthropometry alone. BIA used in this way would allow more accurate assessment of energy sufficiency in children with neurodisability and may provide a more valid identification of children at risk of underweight or obesity in field and clinical settings.     

福州市妇女乳腺癌危险因素的病例对照研究

「目的」探讨福州市妇性乳腺癌的危险因素。「方法」对近２年在福州市各大医院进行手术并经病理确诊为乳腺癌的１４５名患者开展１：１配对的病例对照研究。资料使用Ｅｐｉ－Ｉｎｆｏ软件和ＳＡＳ６．０４版软件进行统计分析。「结果」采因素分析,达到统计学显著性水平的危险因素有乳腺良性疾病史、ＢＭＩ指数高、初潮年龄早、肿瘤家庭史、初产年龄大、流产次数多、未产年龄大和行经时乳房涨痛。哺乳和饮用井水是保护因素。条件Ｌｏ     

南阳市10~15岁月经来潮与未来潮女生体成分比较及相关因素分析

  目的  了解南阳市10~15岁月经来潮与未来潮女生体成分的年龄变化特点,预测月经初潮时间,为及时开展青春期的卫生保健工作提供可靠依据。  方法  于2020年8—12月及2021年3—10月,对南阳市13个县市区采取抽签法随机整群抽样抽取1 523名女生,先通过问卷调查获取研究对象基本情况,然后利用日本百利达MC-180体成分分析仪对研究对象进行体成分测定。  结果  南阳市10~15岁女生体质量指数(BMI)、脂肪率、躯干脂肪率、肌肉量、骨量随着年龄的增长而逐渐增加,体内水分率随着年龄的增长逐渐减少。来潮女生的BMI、脂肪率、躯干脂肪率、肌肉量、骨量均高于未来潮女生,体内水分率低于未来潮女生。其中11~15岁已来潮女生与未来潮女生之间BMI差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.07,2.03,2.43,2.45,2.52,P值均 < 0.05);12~15岁已来潮女生与未来潮女生之间脂肪率、躯干脂肪率、肌肉量、骨量差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05);10,14,15岁未来潮女生与已来潮女生间体内水分率差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.75,2.35,2.37,P值均 < 0.05);10,11,14岁同年龄组农村女生和城市女生月经来潮率差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为4.34,3.45,6.73,P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  女生月经初潮前后BMI、脂肪率、躯干脂肪率、肌肉量、骨量、体内水分率等体成分年龄变化特点有助于月经初潮的预判,月经初潮年龄与营养状况、BMI、体育锻炼、零食及饮料摄入等因素有关。     

Undernutrition in early life and body composition of adolescent males from a birth cohort study

The evidence for an association between poor nutrition in early life and subsequent obesity is inconclusive. In the present study, we investigated the associations between stunting, wasting and underweight at 2 and 4 years of age, and body composition in adolescence in male subjects studied since birth. The 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study included all children born in maternity hospitals and living in the urban area of the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. All males born in 1982 were legally required to enlist in the army between January and April 2000. We were thus able to track 2250 subjects in 2000 (78.9% of the original cohort). Anthropometric measurements were collected in 1984 and 1986, and body composition was assessed in 2000. In the present analysis, we used as predictors the nutritional indices height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age presented in six categories. Outcomes included fat, lean and body mass indices and fat:lean mass ratio, derived from anthropometric and bioimpedance measurements. ANOVA and linear regression were used in the analyses to adjust for confounding. All predictors were positively associated with fat and body mass indices. Height-for-age Z score at age 2 or 4 years was not associated with lean mass index, but all other predictors were associated. Fat:lean mass ratio was associated only with weight-for-height Z score. Our results suggest that undernutrition is not a risk factor for overweight and obesity in our population and may partially protect against fatness in adolescence.     

广东省中小学生月经初潮与首次遗精年龄现状及趋势分析

目的分析广东省学生月经初潮和首次遗精年龄现状及近10年变化趋势。方法利用2005、2000和1995年广东省学生体质健康调查研究数据,采用概率单位回归法计算月经初潮平均年龄(MMA)和首次遗精平均年龄(FSMA)。结果2005年城乡女生MMA分别为12.51、13.26岁,城市比农村提前约0.75岁;城乡男生FSMA分别为14.23、14.79岁,城市比农村提前约0.56岁;城市女生在身高、体重突增后约1年月经来潮,农村女生在身高、体重突增后约3年月经来潮;城市男生在身高突增后约1年、体重突增后约2年出现遗精,农村男生在身高突增后约1年、体重突增后的同一年出现遗精;2005年城乡女生MMA分别比1995年推后0.27岁和0.47岁,城乡男生FSMA均比1995年推后0.63岁。结论广东省学生月经初潮和首次遗精年龄城市早于农村;近10年城乡学生月经初潮和首次遗精的年龄推后,尤以城市女生明显,是性发育年龄提前的长期趋势已经停止的有力证据。