The hair growth promoting effect of Sophora flavescens extract and its molecular regulation

In search of natural extracts for hair growth, we found that the extract of dried root of Sophora flavescens has outstanding hair growth promoting effect. After topical application of Sophora flavescens extract onto the back of C57BL/6 mice, the earlier conversion of telogen-to-anagen was induced. The growth of dermal papilla cells cultured in vitro, however, was not affected by Sophora flavescens extract treatment. RT-PCR analysis showed that Sophora flavescens extract induced mRNA levels of growth factors such as IGF-1 and KGF in dermal papilla cells, suggesting that the effects of Sophora flavescens extract on hair growth may be mediated through the regulation of growth factors in dermal papilla cells. In addition, the Sophora flavescens extract revealed to possess potent inhibitory effect on the type II 5alpha-reductase activity. Taken together, these results suggest that Sophora flavescens extract has hair growth promoting potential and can be used for hair growing products.     

EFFECT OF HOT SPRING WATERS ON THE GROWTH OF TRICHOPHYTON MENTAGROPHYTES AND TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM

The effect of hot spring waters in Beppu City on the in vitro growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum was studied. The two dermatophytes had the following in common:

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Corticosteroid-modified tinea faciei simulating rosacea

Tinea faciei simulating rosacea which developed after topical application of a corticosteroid ointment is described. Mycological examinations revealed that the causative organism was Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The tinea was cured by topical application of a cream containing tolciclate.     

Tinea incognito caused by trichophyton mentagrophytes -- a case report

A case of widespread tinea due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes is described. A healthy 75-year-old woman presented with 134 typical tinea corporis and faciei lesions previously treated with topical steroids. The diagnosis was based on direct mycologic examination and culture. The treatment with oral administration of terbinafine for four weeks and topical application of clotrimazole resulted in complete clinical resolution of the lesions     

疣状毛癣菌致母女共患体癣分析

母亲上肢出现皮损1年，女儿面部皮损4个月，皮损表现为大小不一的环形红斑，表面覆有鳞屑及少许痂皮，境界清楚，边缘稍隆起。患者家中养牛。两例皮损真菌镜检均可见菌丝，真菌培养均阳性，分离菌株经表型及分子鉴定，两株菌均为疣状毛癣菌，体外药敏试验显示对伊曲康唑及特比萘芬均敏感。 2例患者经口服和外用抗真菌药物联合治疗获痊愈。     

Possible mechanisms of immune modulation in chronic dermatophytoses: an in vitro study

It has been suggested that patients with chronic superficial Trichophyton rubrum infection have defective cellular immunity to dermatophyte antigens. This may be due to a selective anergy to dermatophyte antigens or reflect the activity of dermatophyte-derived lymphocyte inhibitory factors. To explore these possibilities, we assessed lymphocyte transformation to a variety of recall antigens, including a cytoplasmic and exoantigen preparation of Trichophyton rubrum in 15 patients with chronic dermatophyte infection and 15 age- and sex-matched positive controls. In a duplicate set of experiments, autologous serum was replaced by heat-inactivated fetal calf serum. In addition, the direct effect of Trichophyton rubrum extracts on lymphoproliferation was assessed in vitro. Comparable lymphocyte transformation to each recall antigen was observed in patients and controls. Moreover, we found no evidence for a circulating dermatophyte-derived lymphocyte inhibitory factor in sera from patients with chronic superficial infection. A direct inhibitory effect of Trichophyton rubrum on lymphocyte proliferation to recall antigens was observed, however, at protein concentrations of > 10 micrograms/ml (exoantigen preparation) and > 25 micrograms/ml (cytoplasmic preparation). This inhibitory effect was rapidly reversible, not associated with loss of cell viability and maximal when added within 24 h of antigen to cultured lymphocytes. Class II MHC antigen HLA-DR, a surface marker of T-cell activation, was observed on inhibited lymphocytes co-cultured with antigen, suggesting the primary target for the inhibitory effect in vitro is the lymphocyte rather than the antigen-presenting cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The activity of various topical griseofulvin preparations and the appearance of oral griseofulvin in the stratum corneum

Stratum corncum may be stripped onto a tape, sterilized and then inoculated with Trichophyton mentagrophytes spores. Under controlled conditions the spores germinate in vitro in the stratum corneum. This method has been quantified and adapted to the investigation of topical antifungal agents. Various formulations of topical griseofulvin were tested for activity and duration of effect with this method. The antifungal effect of I% griseofulvin in a cream base was weak and of short duration. I% griscofulvin in dimethylacetamide (DMAC) was totally effective for 24 h and could be detected 96 h after one application. Griseofulvin in DMAC was also totally effective, as a prophylactic agent, against experimental human T, mentagrophytes infections for up to 72 h after one application. Griseofulvin in an oral dose of I g daily was detected in all three layers of the stratum corneum within 8 h of administration.     

What do we really know about "tinea incognita"?

The term "tinea incognita" refers to diverse clinical presentation of mycotic infections modified by inappropriate use of topical or systemic corticosteroids. A 67-year-old male patient with a five-year history of generalized erythematous plaques on the trunk and extremities, previously treated with topical corticosteroids, is described. The lesions mainly showed a psoriasiform, some eczematous appearance, few of them showing a clinical picture of folliculitis. The native mycologic specimen was negative. The diagnosis was made on the basis of mycologic culture finding of Trichophyton interdigitale growth. Systemic and topical antimycotic therapy administered for two months resulted in complete regression of skin lesions.     

Tinea capitis favosa due to Trichophyton schoenleinii

A case of a tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton schoenleinii is presented. It involves a 6-year old Tunisian boy that had presented with diffuse scaling of the scalp misdiagnosed as psoriasis and was treated unsuccessfully with keratolytic shampoos for two years. Tinea favosa due to Trichophyton schoenleinii was confirmed by mycological examination. He was successfully treated with griseofulvin for 6 weeks and topical application of imidazole. Trichophyton schoenleinii is an important anthropophilic dermatophyte that causes tinea favosa. It is transmitted by contagion between humans and is currently endemic in Africa. Ringworm is still frequent in Tunisia, but favus is becoming exceptional due to improvements in living conditions and hygiene.     

野山楂、女贞子、猪苓和白芨醇提取物混合剂对鼠毛生长影响的研究

目的:研究中药对C57BL/6小鼠毛发生长周期的影响。方法:将143只C57BL/6小鼠按给予不同浓度的野山楂、女贞子、猪苓、白芨醇提取物混合剂以及人参总皂苷,分组采用体外直接给药和灌胃的方法,在给药后的不同时间观察鼠毛生长状况。结果:野山楂、女贞子、猪苓、白芨醇提取物混合剂灌胃中、低剂量组(30g/L和10g/L)和外用中、高剂量组(40g/L和80g/L)较对照组明显诱导小鼠毛发的生长和延长毛发的生长期,早期能加速毛发生长,且高剂量组作用更明显(P<0.05)。人参总皂苷(3g/L和30g/L)外用能诱导小鼠毛发的生长和延长其生长期,早期加速毛发生长,且高剂量组作用更明显(P<0.01)。结论:野山楂、女贞子、猪苓、白芨醇提取物混合剂和人参总皂苷具有明显的促进毛发生长作用。     

婴儿脓癣伴体癣1例

患儿女,8个月。额头上发际处红斑丘疹1月余,头皮丘脓疱疹及右上臂圆形环状红斑1周。真菌镜检可见发外大量真菌孢子,皮屑中有透明分隔菌丝。根据培养镜下形态和鉴别试验鉴定为须癣毛癣菌。诊断为脓癣伴体癣。采用灰黄霉素口服配合外用药疗效明显。治疗期间无任何不良反应。     

Biolog微生物自动分析系统建立六种皮肤癣菌的鉴定数据库

目的 探讨Biolog微生物自动分析系统鉴定皮肤癣菌的应用前景。 方法 采用表型及DNA测序的方法,将临床收集的菌株鉴定至种;选取红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌、断发毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌、石膏样小孢子菌和絮状表皮癣菌6种常见皮肤癣菌接种于FF微量板,记录皮肤癣菌对95种不同碳源的利用情况,描述其各自的生长反应谱,建立鉴定数据库。结果 6种皮肤癣菌对一些碳源的利用具有明显的差别,通过是否利用棉子糖可以将须癣毛癣菌、断发毛癣菌同其他4种毛癣菌进行区分;而葵二酸可以区分须癣毛癣菌、断发毛癣菌;通过延胡索酸和琥珀酸可以将红色毛癣菌同石膏样小孢子菌、絮状表皮癣菌和犬小孢子菌进行区分;通过是否利用丙氨酸和苯丙氨酸可以对石膏样小孢子菌进行鉴定。而糊精的利用可以区分絮状表皮癣菌和犬小孢子菌。结论 Biolog微生物鉴定系统采用一种特殊的表型鉴定方法,可以对常见皮肤癣菌进行鉴定。     

Topical zinc sulfate augmentation of human delayed type skin test response

The ability of topical zinc sulfate to augment the cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity response to Candida antigen was evaluated in 47 adults (15 controls and 32 hospitalized patients). On each adult subject, intradermal standard Candida extract was administered to each forearm followed immediately by topical application of 10% zinc sulfate in Aquaphor ointment on one arm and Aquaphor alone on the other arm. The reaction size was assessed in a single blinded manner. Of the 24 subjects who reacted positively to Candida antigen, a significantly larger (p less than 0.01) number of individuals showed an augmented cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity response in the arm on which the topical zinc sulfate had been applied. However, when patients were stratified by plasma zinc concentrations, only the normal plasma zinc patient group demonstrated a statistical augmentation. Possible mechanisms and selectivity of this observed effect are discussed. These findings suggest a role for topical zinc application to augment cutaneous immune responsiveness.     

Effects of glucocorticosteroids on cultured human skin fibroblasts

Summary As previously found, the glucocorticosteroid clobetasol-17-propionate inhibits cell proliferation during the early growth stage of normal baby foreskin fibroblasts and collagen synthesis in confluent cultures of these cells. The degree of inhibition of cell proliferation decreases with increasing cell density and, moreover, is transient.The anabolic steroids nandrolone and nandrolone-phenyl-propionate have similar effects on these cells. Likewise the magnitude of the inhibition is dose-dependent.When present together the two types of drug do not act in an additive manner. Even at low concentrations the anabolic steroids abolish the inhibitory effect of the glucocorticosteroid on cell proliferation. Furthermore, in this case only the inhibitory effect of the glucocorticosteroid on collagen synthesis is found and there is no further increase in this effect due to the presence of the anabolic steroids.Our results imply that the use of low concentrations of anabolic steroids combined with glucocorticosteroids in topical application to the skin may abolish some of the undesirable side effects of the glucocorticosteroids.     

The treatment of atopic dermatitis with licorice gel

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. has been used in herbal medicine for skin eruptions, including dermatitis, eczema, pruritus and cysts. The effect of licorice extract as topical preparation was evaluated on atopic dermatitis. The plant was collected and extracted by percolation with suitable solvent. The extract was standardized, based on Glycyrrhizinic acid by using a titrimetry method. Different topical gels were formulated by using different co-solvents. After standardizing of topical preparations, the best formulations (1% and 2%) were studied in a double-blind clinical trial in comparison with base gel on atopic dermatitis over two weeks (30 patients in each group). Propylene glycol was the best co-solvent for the extract and Carbopol 940 as gelling agent showed the best results in final formulations. The quantity of glycyrrhizinic acid was determined 20.3% in the extract and 19.6% in the topical preparation. Two percent licorice topical gel was more effective than 1% in reducing the scores for erythema, oedema and itching over two weeks (p<0.05). The results showed that licorice extract could be considered as an effective agent for treatment of atopic dermatitis.     

黄连等6味中药提取物对皮肤癣菌的抗真菌活性研究

目的观察两种方法提取6味中药的成分对皮肤癣菌抑菌和杀菌作用,筛选抗真菌中药。方法采用药基琼脂稀释法测定两种方法提取6味中药的成分对常见皮肤癣菌的MIC和MFC;采用扫描电镜观察水提黄连、醇提蛇床子对红色毛癣菌抗真菌作用的形态学。结果醇提蛇床子MIC范围0.020～0.156mg/mL,均值0.04mg/mL;醇提白藓皮分别为0.04～0.156mg/mL,0.156mg/mL;醇提黄连为0.156～1.250mg/mL,0.313mg/mL。醇提蛇床子MFC范围为0.080～0.313mg/mL,均值0.156mg/mL;醇提黄连分别为1.250～≥2.500mg/mL,2.500mg/mL。水提黄连和醇提蛇床子与红色毛癣菌分别作用2,8和24h,均表现出菌丝与孢子的连续性破坏过程。结论醇提蛇床子、白藓皮和黄连对皮肤癣菌有较强抑制作用,醇提蛇床子对皮肤癣菌有较强杀菌作用。     

Impetigo‐Like Tinea Faciei Around the Nostrils Caused by Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii Identified Using Polymerase Chain Reaction–Based Sequencing of Crusts

We report a case of Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii (a teleomorph of Trichophyton interdigitale) infection around the nostrils in a 3‐year‐old girl. The culture was negative, so the pathogenic agent was identified using polymerase chain reaction–based sequencing of the crusts taken from the lesion on the nostril. Treatment with oral itraconazole and topical 1% naftifine/0.25% ketoconazole cream after a topical wash with ketoconazole shampoo was effective.     

73例儿童毳毛面癣病原菌分析

目的：明确儿童毳毛面癣常见致病菌种及易感因素。方法：分析2014年4月至2019年3月我院就诊的73例儿童毳毛面癣患儿的临床资料。皮损部位刮取鳞屑及毳毛接种到沙堡弱培养基,27℃恒温培养2周,对培养出的病原菌进行形态学及分子生物学鉴定。结果：共分离出皮肤癣菌62株,其中须癣毛癣菌 38株（61%）,犬小孢子菌12株（19%）,石膏样小孢子菌10株（16%）,紫色毛癣菌2株（3%）。62例患儿有动物接触史,45例患儿有外用糖皮质激素史。患儿外用特比萘芬乳膏或联苯苄唑乳膏,部分患者口服特比萘芬片,治疗4~8周后均达到临床和真菌学治愈。结论：毳毛面癣的优势致病菌是须癣毛癣菌,其次依次是犬小孢子菌和石膏样小孢子菌。发病因素与接触动物密切相关。     

Tinea capitis in infants less than 1 year of age

Tinea capitis is the most frequent manifestation of dermatophyte infection in children, but because it is rare in the first months of life it is often misdiagnosed. Here we report 15 cases of tinea capitis observed in Italy in infants less than 1 year of age. There were 10 boys and 5 girls (mean age 6 months). Diagnosis was confirmed by mycologic examination. Microsporum canis was isolated in nine cases and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in three. These 12 infants were Italian and animals were the source of infection. Trichophyton erinacei was isolated in one Italian infant, and the source was soil. In the other two cases, Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton violaceum were isolated; these infants were from Central America and India, respectively, and had contracted the infection from humans. All achieved clinical and mycologic recovery after systemic and topical antimycotic therapy.     

咪唑斯汀、氯雷他定及西替利嗪对小鼠变应性接触性皮炎作用的比较研究

目的:比较咪唑斯汀、氯雷他定及西替利嗪对小鼠变应性接触性皮炎(ACD)的抑制作用。方法:建立小鼠ACD模型,采用致敏前及诱发后两种给药方法,口服不同剂量咪唑斯汀、氯雷他定及西替利嗪,观察抑制作用。结果:致敏前开始给药,3种药物均能明显抑制ACD小鼠耳肿胀(P<0.05),但咪唑斯汀的抑制作用强于氯雷他定及西替利嗪(P<0.05);诱发后开始给药,咪唑斯汀组小鼠耳肿胀消退快于氯雷他定及西替利嗪(P<0.05)。结论:咪唑斯汀对小鼠ACD抑制作用强于氯雷他定和西替利嗪。