儿童孔源性视网膜脱离的临床特征和手术疗效分析

目的探讨儿童孔源性视网膜脱离的临床特征和手术疗效。方法为系列病例研究。对近10年首诊眼科≤14岁的33例（36只眼）儿童孔源性视网膜脱离患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果33例（36只眼）中,男性26例（78．8％）,女性7例。患儿首诊年龄中位数为12岁。双侧孔源性视网膜脱离10例（30．3％）;合并对侧眼异常22例（66．7％）。31只眼（86．1％）具有至少1种发生孔源性视网膜脱离的危险因素。有眼部钝挫伤史13只眼（36．1％）,合并先天性或发育性眼部结构异常11只眼（30．6％）,有高度近视和其他内眼手术史者各7只眼（19．4％）,合并眼后节炎性反应3只眼（8．3％）。术前发生黄斑脱离28只眼（77．8％）。随诊时间中位数为12个月。每只眼经历1～5次手术,平均1．9次。最终随诊时,硅油仍然在位4只眼,29只眼（90．6％）视网膜复位。预示术后视力差的因素：术前视力为手动或更低（P=0．001）,黄斑脱离（P=0．003）,增生性玻璃体视网膜病变≥C级（P=0．000）,需要行玻璃体切除术（P=0．002）和使用硅油（P=0．005）。结论有眼部钝挫伤史和先天性或发育性眼部结构异常是儿童孔源性视网膜脱离最常见的危险因素。现代玻璃体视网膜手术能使大多数患儿视网膜复位。预示患儿术后视力差的因素与成人相同。对具有发生孔源性视网膜脱离危险因素的儿童应定期随诊。（中华腰科杂志,2008,44：20-24）     

儿童视网膜脱离发病特点分析

目的 探讨视网膜脱离在儿童中的发病特点。方法 对１１２例（１２０眼）１４岁以下儿童视网膜脱离眼的病因、病程及发病情况等进行回顾性分析。结果 儿童视网膜脱离具有男孩发病比例高,外伤性视网膜脱离多,伴有先天性眼部发育异常患者多等特点。患者多发病至就诊时间间隔长,增生性玻璃体视网膜病变重。结论 儿童视网膜脱离具有与成人不同的发病特点,眼科医生应根据其特点随访高危人群,做到早发现,早治疗。     

儿童视网膜脱离16例临床分析

目的：探讨儿童视网膜脱离的发病特点及手术方式选择。方法：对16例(16眼)14岁以下儿童视网膜脱离病史进行回顾性研究。结果：儿童视网膜脱离男童多于女童，大龄童多于幼童，外伤为主要原因。患儿就诊不及时，并发增生性玻璃体视网膜病变，预后较差。结论：儿童视网膜脱离宜早诊断、早手术。     

非外伤非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体积血原因分析

目的：探讨非外伤非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体积血的原因。

方法：对2009-07/2013-06在我科住院的46例46眼玻璃体积血病例资料进行回顾性病因分析。

结果：本组中视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)所致玻璃体积血最多,为16眼(34.8%),其次为视网膜裂孔及孔源性视网膜脱离(RH/RD)8眼(17.4%),渗出型年龄相关性黄斑变性(EAMD)8眼(17.4%),再次为玻璃体后脱离(PVD)4眼(8.7%),其它少见原因为视网膜大动脉瘤3眼(6.5%)、高血压视网膜病变及视网膜静脉周围炎各2眼(4.3%),特发性息肉样脉络膜血管病变、脉络膜上腔出血、葡萄膜炎各1眼(2.2%)。

结论：视网膜静脉阻塞、视网膜裂孔及孔源性视网膜脱离、年龄相关性黄斑变性是非外伤非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体积血的主要原因。     

学龄期儿童独眼视网膜脱离临床特点和手术效果分析

目的：探讨学龄期儿童独眼视网膜脱离(RD)潜在病因以及RD临床特点。

方法：回顾性分析2015-11/2021-05于本院就诊的7～14岁儿童患者如下病例：患眼RD且对侧眼盲目(独眼RD)。描述并探讨其一般情况及RD病因、临床类型、手术方式、眼内填充物类型、手术前后视功能和解剖预后等。

结果：共纳入27例27眼独眼RD患者,随访至少6mo以上。平均就诊年龄为10.63±2.30岁。家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变(FEVR)(11/27,41%),先天性青光眼术后(6/27,22%)和Stickler综合征(3/27,11%)为主要致病原因。其中,孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)占78%(21/27),孔源性视网膜脱离患者(17/21)中81%的患者表现为增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)C3及以上。共有85%(23/27)的患者行玻璃体切除术,其中83%(19/23)的患者手术中联合硅油填充。末次随访最佳矫正视力(BCVA,LogMAR)低于1.7的患者占78%(21/27),82%(22/27)的患者末次随访时视网膜平复在位,而41%(11/27)的患者末次随访时硅油尚未取出。

结论：学龄期儿童独眼RD常合并潜在的先天或遗传性眼病,且常表现为严重的RD和较重的PVR反应,多需玻璃体切除术联合硅油注入,视功能和解剖预后也较差。     

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床研究

目的分析脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床特点。方法连续选择具有典型临床症状的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者61例61眼，与同期行玻璃体切割手术的非脉络膜脱离型孔源性视网膜脱离患者52例53眼进行对比研究，观察二者眼部体征及手术复位率等情况，并分析脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的好发因素。结果脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者的眼前节反应重，眼压低（平均4mmHg），与一般孔源性视网膜脱离患者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；采用玻璃体切割手术，前者的一次性手术复位率为65．51％，后者为88．68％，二者差异有统计学意义；脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离组中年龄50岁以上及屈光度-6D以上的患者占总例数的50％以上，27．87％的患者合并有黄斑裂孔。结论脉络膜脱离伴视网膜脱离具有严重的葡萄膜炎和低眼压症状，老年人和高度近视者好发，多合并有黄斑裂孔，其手术复位率显著低于一般孔源性视网膜脱离者。     

巩膜外垫压术治疗家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变合并孔源性视网膜脱离

目的 探讨巩膜外垫压术治疗家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变合并孔源性视网膜脱离的效果.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2012年10月间在我院住院行巩膜外垫压术（或联合环扎术）治疗的6例（6只眼）家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变合并孔源性视网膜脱离患者的临床资料.本组所有患者视网膜裂孔检查明确,且位于赤道或赤道前,增生性玻璃体视网膜病变C2级以下;具有阳性家族史;荧光素眼底血管造影特征明显.其中1个裂孔者4只眼,2个裂孔者2只眼.1例硅胶海绵纵行垫压,5例硅胶轮胎环行垫压并联合环扎.所有患者术后均补充视网膜激光光凝.结果 6例患者术后视网膜均复位良好,视力改善,经激光治疗无灌注区,随访稳定.结论 对于家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变合并孔源性视网膜脱离患者,选择部分病例行巩膜外垫压手术治疗,术后及时补充视网膜激光光凝,可取得很好效果.     

婴幼儿白内障合并玻璃体异常的临床特点和病因分析

目的 探讨婴幼儿白内障合并玻璃体异常的临床特点和病因。设计 回顾性、非对照病例研究。研究对象 84例（114眼）3岁以下眼部彩色多普勒超声检查提示玻璃体异常的婴幼儿白内障患儿。方法 回顾性总结2013年1月至2014年7月在北京同仁医院眼科接受手术治疗的3岁以下合并玻璃体异常的婴幼儿白内障患儿。记录患儿月龄、主诉、体征、超声检查及超声诊断、术后确定诊断、既往史、家族史和母亲孕产史,对婴幼儿白内障合并玻璃体异常的病因和临床特点进行分析。主要指标 月龄、症状、病程、体征、超声表现及超声诊断、确定诊断。结果 在84例（114眼）患儿中,发病月龄0~15个月,平均（2.7±3.0）个月,确诊月龄2~20个月,平均（7.8±4.2）个月。81例（96.4%）为家长发现异常,3例（3.6%）为体检查出异常。主要首发症状为白瞳39例（46.4%）,不追物 16例（19.0%）,斜视10例（11.9%）,双眼不等大7例（8.3%）。白内障表现为全白内障75眼（65.8%）,后极性白内障38眼（33.3%）,膜性白内障1眼（0.9%）,可伴有眼球震颤、斜视、小眼球、浅前房、继发性青光眼、瞳孔残膜、牵拉性视网膜脱离、脉络膜缺损等。超声诊断为永存原始玻璃体增生症（PHPV）111眼（97.4%）,视网膜脱离 3眼（2.6%）。术后明确病因为 PHPV 76眼（66.7%）,家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变14眼（12.3%）,先天性白内障24眼（21.0%）。69.3%患眼超声诊断与术后诊断一致。结论 婴幼儿白内障合并玻璃体异常患儿就诊时月龄较大,多以家长发现白瞳就诊,可伴有多种眼部异常,术前眼部彩色多普勒超声检查有助于发现玻璃体视网膜病变。（眼科,2015, 24： 103 -107）     

简单孔源性视网膜脱离外路手术后视网膜再脱离原因分析

目的:分析简单孔源性视网膜脱离外路显微手术后视网膜再脱离的主要原因,根据这些原因采取有效的预防措施,提高手术的成功率。方法:对15例15眼简单孔源性视网膜脱离外路显微手术后视网膜再脱离的患者进行分析,查找视网膜再脱离的主要原因。所有视网膜再脱离患者增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)≤B级。结果:术后随访1a,简单孔源性视网膜脱离外路显微手术后视网膜再脱离15例15眼患者中,出现新裂孔7眼(46.7%);原裂孔未能封闭4眼(26.7%);遗漏裂孔2眼(13.3%);脉络膜脱落1眼(6.7%);PVR1眼(6.7%)。结论:简单孔源性视网膜脱离外路显微手术后视网膜再脱离的主要原因为:出现新裂孔、原裂孔未能封闭、遗漏裂孔。     

玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离

目的:评价玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性病例系列研究。122例137眼复杂性视网膜脱离患者接受玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗。主要结果包括术后视力和并发症。结果:术后随访时间平均12.8mo。主要病因包括孔源性视网膜脱离,牵拉性视网膜脱离和增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变。术后1,6和12mo与术前比较视力提高大于等于2行分别为37眼(27.0%)、55眼(40.1%)和61眼(44.5%)。结论:玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离是一种有效、安全的手术。     

Pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in taiwan

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features and surgical outcomes in a series of pediatric patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in Taiwan. METHODS: Retrospective study of pediatric patients (age 1 to 15 years) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment dated between January 1995 and December 2004. Patients with perforating ocular trauma were excluded. Patients were divided into four groups according to the predisposing factors: Group 1, those with congenital or developmental anomalies; Group 2, those with trauma history; Group 3, those with myopia greater than -3 D but excluding patients in Groups 1 and 2; and Group 4, the others with miscellaneous etiologies. Patients' age, sex, medical history, ocular history, type of detachment, macular status, refractive status, previous visual acuity, number and type of surgeries performed, postoperative retinal status, and current visual acuity were recorded. RESULTS: Thirty-five eyes of 32 patients were included in this study. The median age was 13 years, and 75% of patients were boys. There were 17 eyes (49%) in Group 1, 8 in Group 2 (23%), 8 in Group 3 (23%), and 2 in Group 4 (6%). Bilateral retinal detachment was present in 7 patients (22%). In Group 1, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy was present in 7 eyes; retinopathy of prematurity was noted in 5 eyes; Marfan's syndrome was present in 3 eyes; mental and growth retardation was present in 2 eyes. Macula sparing retinal detachment was found in 3 eyes. Retinal attachment was achieved in 28/35 eyes. Visual recovery was modest. CONCLUSION: Congenital or developmental anomalies, myopia, and trauma were the most common risk factors for pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Taiwan. Regular follow-up for children at risk of developing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is necessary for early detection.     

Surgical outcomes in juvenile retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively clinical features and surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in juvenile patients. METHODS: Between 1991 and 1996, 28 patients younger than 15 years of age with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (32 eyes) underwent the first surgical procedure, scleral buckling and/or pars plana vitrectomy, at our hospital. RESULTS: The major types of juvenile detachment, in order of frequency, were idiopathic, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, trauma, and high myopia. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) of grade C or D was involved in 12 cases (37.5%). Among the 12 eyes with PVR, 7 attained retinal reattachment after the first surgery with scleral buckling. The overall reattachment rate was 28/32 (87.5%) after the first operation and 30/32 (93.8%) after the second operation. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the reattachment rate and visual prognosis can be as good in juvenile retinal detachment as in adult cases, when appropriate surgical procedures are used.     

Prevalence and risk factors for proliferative vitreoretinopathy in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment but no previous vitreoretinal surgery

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for proliferatative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment but no previous vitreoretinal surgery. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: Prospective study. SETTING: A private vitreoretinal clinic in Caracas, Venezuela. STUDY POPULATION: 119 eyes of 119 patients who presented with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment but no previous vitreoretinal surgery between 1995 and 1998. OBSERVATION PROCEDURES: Data from detailed preoperative and postoperative examinations of each eye were recorded prospectively and entered into an electronic database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of PVR of any type and severe PVR, preoperative risk factors for PVR of any type and severe PVR, effect of PVR and retinal detachment duration on initial and final visual acuity, and surgical complexity. RESULTS: The prevalence of PVR of any type was 52.9% and of severe PVR was 26.9%. The mean retinal detachment duration (+/-SD) was 58.4 (+/-129.1) days, and the mean time from initial examination to surgical treatment (+/-SD) was 24.3 (81.2) days. By univariable analysis, long retinal detachment duration, poor initial visual acuity, and large retinal detachment extent were significantly associated with PVR prevalence and severity. The presence of vitreous hemorrhage was significantly associated with PVR prevalence, and cataract was significantly associated with PVR severity. By multivariable analysis, long retinal detachment duration and large retinal detachment extent were simultaneous risk factors for PVR prevalence, while long retinal detachment, large retinal detachment extent, and poor initial visual acuity were simultaneous risk factors for PVR severity. Eyes with longer retinal detachment duration, PVR of any type, and severe PVR had worse initial and final visual acuities than eyes with shorter retinal detachment duration or those without PVR, respectively. Eyes with PVR had more complex surgery than those without PVR. CONCLUSIONS: PVR occurred very frequently in this population and was associated with more complex surgery and worse visual outcomes than among eyes without PVR. We have identified preventable risk factors associated with PVR that suggest a specific and significant need for better access to ophthalmologic care and patient education in this group of patients.     

Formation of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the only cause of ultimate failure following retinal detachment surgery. This study aimed to review the rate of postoperative PVR in a series of 186 consecutive patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. All 186 detachments were repaired with a scleral buckling procedure combined with cryotherapy. Drainage of subretinal fluid was done at the discretion of the surgeon. The mean follow-up was 12 months. In this series 152 (82%) of primary detachments were repaired succesfully with a single operation. Sixty-eight percent of patients regained 0.3 or better visual acuity, and 3% of patients were left with visual acuity of 1/60 or less. After two or more operations the retina was attached in 96% of the cases. In 12 (6%) eyes PVR was responsible for the initial surgical failure. In 4 cases PVR (grade B and limited C) was present prior to surgery. In 3 cases PVR developed within 2 days postoperatively, in 3 cases after 3–6 weeks and in another 2 cases after 8–l0 months. Eight out of 12 (66%) PVR patients had undergone cataract surgery. One PVR case had preoperative intraocular inflammation. An association between the duration of retinal detachment, or drainage of subretinal fluid and the development of PVR could not be demonstrated. In conclusion, the rate of postoperative PVR in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments was low. PVR preoperatively present and pseudophakia may be risk factors.     

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in children: risk factors and surgical outcomes

PURPOSE: To describe the presenting features and surgical outcomes in a series of children with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-nine eyes of 34 children 18 years of age or younger undergoing surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. METHODS: Patients were identified by chart review at two affiliated tertiary care centers. Risk factors for retinal detachment were classified into four categories: (1). congenital or developmental structural ocular abnormalities, (2). trauma, (3). previous ophthalmologic surgery, and (4). preceding uveitis. RESULTS: Median age was 10 years, and 79% of patients were boys. Nine patients (26%) had bilateral retinal detachment at presentation, or experienced a detachment in their second eye before their nineteenth birthday. Every eye had at least one risk factor for retinal detachment, and more than half had risk factors in two or more categories. Structural abnormalities were most common (56%). Fifty-one percent of eyes underwent previous surgery, 36% experienced trauma, and 15% had uveitis. Detachments tended to be complex. Median follow-up was 24 months. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 79% of eyes; however, visual recovery was modest. Median preoperative and postoperative visual acuities were counting fingers and 20/400, respectively. Predictors of a poor visual outcome were: unmeasurable or light perception-only preoperative vision (P = 0.0001), macula-off retinal detachment (P = 0.01), the need for vitrectomy surgery (P = 0.01), the presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade C or worse (P = 0.02), and the use of silicone oil (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Predisposing factors in pediatric retinal detachments, particularly congenital and developmental structural abnormalities, may be more common than previously reported. Modern vitreoretinal surgical techniques can help achieve retinal reattachment in most cases. Many factors contribute to the limited visual recovery in this patient population. Predictors of visual outcomes are similar to those observed in adults. Inability of the clinician to determine confidently the preoperative visual acuity is a newly identified predictor of poor visual outcomes.     

儿童孔源性视网膜脱离发病特点、病因及手术方式的临床研究

目的 探讨儿童孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)的发病特点、病因及手术方式.方法 收集首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院2004年1月至2018年12月的儿童RRD患者668例(737只眼)的病历资料进行研究.其中,男性532例(589只眼),女性136例(148只眼).年龄3～14岁,平均年龄(11.14±2.74)岁.检索并记录...     

Comparative study of clinical factors that predispose patients to proliferative vitreoretinopathy in aphakia

To clarify the risk factors of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in aphakia, the clinical features of 25 aphakic eyes with PVR were statistically analyzed and compared with a control group of 157 aphakic eyes with non-PVR rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The statistically significant (P less than 0.05) factors that predisposed patients to PVR in aphakia were as follows: a history of vitreous loss on cataract surgery, retinal detachment developing within 3 months after cataract extraction, duration of retinal detachment longer than 3 months, break larger than three disc diameters, and choroidal detachment. Vitreous loss is believed to play the most important role in the development of PVR in aphakia.     

C3F8 in the treatment of retinal detachment associated with vitreoretinal proliferation

The perfluoropropane gas was used as an adjunct to vitreoretinal microsurgery in 60 eyes of 60 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy. 0.3 ml to 1.8 ml (average 0.9 ml) of pure perfluoropropane gas was used. The surgical procedure included vitrectomy and scleral buckling in all patients. The follow-up after complete gas absorption ranged from 6 months to 3 years in the successful eyes. Total retinal reattachment was achieved in 41 eyes (68.3%). The anatomical success rate was 88% (22/25 eyes) in grade C1-C2 PVR cases, 68.7% (11/15 eyes) in grade C3-D1 PVR cases, and 42% (8/19 eyes) in grade D2-D3 PVR cases. Visual acuity of 0.1 or better was achieved in 80% of eyes with grade C PVR and 61% of eyes with grade D PVR. Visual acuity of 0.4 or better was achieved in 26.9% of eyes with grade C PVR. Macular changes were revealed by fluorescein angiography in 53% of successful eyes. We recommend the use of C3F8 rather than SF6 in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicated by PVR. In our experience the anatomical success rate achieved with C3F8 is approximately the same as that achieved with SF6. However permanent retinal reattachment was achieved with a single operation in 87.8% of successful eyes of the present series of patients managed with C3F8 as compared to only 12% of successful eyes of a previous series of patients managed with SF6. The anatomical results achieved with a single operation in the C3F8 series are probably related to the greater longevity of C3F8 as compared to that of SF6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Characteristics and surgical outcomes of paediatric retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To report the clinical features and surgical and visual outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in the paediatric population. METHODS: A retrospective review of children (aged 0-15 years) who underwent primary surgical repair for RRD at the Hiroshima University Hospital between 1988 and 2001. RESULTS: In all 53 eyes of 49 patients were identified; paediatric RRD accounted for 3.1% of 1779 eyes with RRD operated on during this period. The causes of RRD included blunt trauma (27%), myopia (25%), idiopathic (20%), familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (13%), and others. Among 55 eyes, 12 (22%) already had proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) of grade C or D preoperatively. The median initial visual acuity (VA) was 0.3. Retinal reattachment was achieved with a single operation in 78%. Final retinal reattachment was achieved in 87%. Retinal reattachment rates with and without PVR were 42% and 100%, respectively (P<0.01). Median final VA was 0.7. Final VA was > or =0.1 in 73% and > or =0.5 in 53%; four eyes had a final VA of no light perception. The presence of preoperative PVR (P=0.03) and the initial VA (P<0.0001) significantly affected final VA. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric RRD is characterised by a delay in diagnosis, as evidenced by the high rate of PVR at presentation. Retinal reattachment was adversely affected by the presence of PVR. Final VA correlated with the initial VA and was significantly affected by preoperative PVR. Early diagnosis may improve the visual prognosis of paediatric retinal detachment.