含漱西帕依固龈液或H2O2对牙体治疗中细菌性气雾的影响

用空气沉降法分组收集牙体治疗时经西帕依固龈液及1%过氧化氢液漱口前后产生的气雾,血琼脂平板培养48 h. 2 种漱口液对减少气雾中的细菌均有明显的作用(P<0.01),西帕依固龈液含漱后的气雾中细菌减少量与1%过氧化氢液含漱后的细菌减少量无明显差异(P>0.05).因此牙体治疗前漱口可明显降低气雾中的细菌污染,西帕依固龈液与1%过氧化氢液均是牙体治疗前有效的漱口剂.     

蜂胶牙泰治疗牙周炎的临床研究

研究将胶牙泰用于治疗牙周炎，同时与１％碘甘油对比观察，并进行体内抑菌实验，评价交牙泰的临床疗效。随机选择牙周炎患者５９例，蜂胶牙泰组４５例，对照组１４例。体内抑菌试验结果显示，经蜂胶牙泰治疗牙周袋内５种主要致病菌菌落数、厌氧菌总数、需氧菌总数、总菌数明显下降。临床结果蜂胶牙泰组有效率６８．９％，１％碘某油有效率３５．０％。提示蜂胶牙泰治疗牙周炎的临床疗效优于１％碘甘油，而且局部应用无过敏和毒副作用     

分化诱导剂DMSO与5—FU联合应用对粘液表皮样癌MEC—1细胞的抑制作用

报道平面极性分化诱导剂ＤＭＳＯ与抗癌药５—ＦＵ联合应用对人粘液表皮样癌ＭＥＣ—１细胞的作用．发现二者联合应用可增强５—ＦＵ对肿瘤细胞的抑制生长效应。以０．１μｇ／ｍｌ５—ＦＵ先处理细胞２４ｈ后再加用１％ＤＭＳＯ，或先用１μｇ／ｍｌ５—ＦＵ处理２４ｈ然后用０．５％ＤＭＳＯ，均可达到采用较低浓度５—ＦＵ而获得较理想增强５—ＦＵ作用的效果。     

常用抗厌氧菌药物的体外药效学研究

本文报告甲硝唑（ＭＴＺ）、替硝唑（ＴＮＺ）、乙酰螺旋霉素（ＡＳ）、林可霉素（ＬＣ）和克林霉素（ＣＤ）对２０８株无芽胞厌氧菌和１１２株兼性厌氧或需氧菌的体外抗菌效果。ＭＴＺ、ＴＮＺ、ＡＳ、ＬＣ和ＣＤ对Ｇ－厌氧菌的ＭＩＣ９０分别为１～８、１～２、１６～３２和４～３２μｇ／ｍｌ，对Ｇ＋厌氧菌的ＭＩＣ９０分别８～３２、４～８、８～６４、８～１６和４～８μｇ／ｍｌ。ＭＴＺ和ＴＮＺ对兼性厌氧或需氧菌无抗菌作用，ＡＳ亦效果极差。ＬＣ和ＣＤ对Ｇ－兼性厌氧或需氧菌的ＭＩＣ９０分别为１２８～＞２５６和３２～＞２５６μｇ／ｍｌ，对Ｇ＋兼性厌氧或需氧菌的ＭＩＣ９０分别为８～１６和２～８μｇ／ｍｌ。由于口腔感染常为厌氧菌──兼性厌氧菌或厌氧菌──厌氧菌的混合感染，上述５种抗厌氧菌药物的抗菌谱有所不同，故在临床用药时需引起注意     

碘复用于感染根管冲洗消毒的细菌学观察

目的：观察碘复冲洗消毒感染根管的抗菌效果。方法：共收集３５例感染根管标本,实验组２０例用０．５ｇ／Ｌ碘复冲洗根管然后封５ｇ／Ｌ碘复原液,对照组１５例用过氧化氢液和生理盐水冲洗根管,封ＦＣ于根管,分别在用药前后进行细菌标本采样、培养、分离与鉴定,观察ＣＦＵ变化及细菌检出情况。结果：使用０．５ｇ／Ｌ碘复冲洗根管的抗菌作用明显优于临床用Ｈ２Ｏ２和生理盐水联合冲洗的效果;用５ｇ／Ｌ碘复封药消毒根管的杀菌作用与ＦＣ相当。结论：碘复对感染根管内厌氧菌有良好的抗菌效果。     

分化诱导剂HMBA联合5—FU治疗粘液表皮样癌的实验研究

用人涎腺粘液表皮样癌ＭＥＣ—１细胞在体内外研究了５—氟脲嘧啶（５—ＦＵ）与分化诱导剂六亚甲基双乙酰胺（ＨＭＢＡ）的联合抗癌作用。体外ＭＴＴ法检测结果表明短时间、低剂量应用５—ＦＵ，随后应用ＨＭＢＡ可显著加强５—ＦＵ对ＭＥＣ—１细胞的毒性作用，同时５—ＦＵ亦加强ＨＭＢＡ对ＭＥＣ—１细胞的生长抑制作用，二者表现为协同作用。裸鼠体内抑癌实验亦证实了体外实验结果，联合用药的抑瘤率、生命延长率均高于单独用药组。结果提示ＨＭＢＡ联合５—ＦＵ对粘液表皮样癌的临床治疗可能具有一定应用价值。     

口腔颌面部严重复合性损伤21例的治疗

口腔颌面部严重复合性损伤２１例的治疗ＴＲＥＡＴＭＥＮＴＯＦ２１ＣＡＳＥＳＷＩＴＨＣＯＭＰＯＵＮＤＩＮＪＵＲＹ郭俊霞作者单位：洛阳铁路分局医院口腔颌面外科（４７１００２）１临床资料１．１性别与年龄本组２１例中，男１７例，女４例，男女之比为４∶１，年龄为...     

不同浓度-时间点氢氟酸蚀刻机加工瓷面对瓷与牙釉质的整体粘结抗剪强度的影响

选择３０个氢氟酸（ＨＦ酸）浓度－时间搭配点，测试瓷贴面复合体整体粘结抗剪强度。结果表明：ＨＦ酸蚀刻可增加陶瓷与牙釉质间粘结强度，ＨＦ酸浓度－时间的最佳搭配点为：２．５％－５．０ｍｉｎ；５．０％－５．０ｍｉｎ；７．５％－２．５ｍｉｎ；１０．０％－１．０ｍｉｎ；１５．０％－０．５ｍｉｎ。陶瓷－树脂－牙釉质的粘结破坏形式以混合破坏为主     

不同浓度—时间点氢氟酸蚀刻机加工瓷面对瓷与牙釉质的整？…

选择３０个氢氟酸浓度－时间搭配点，测试瓷贴面复合体整体粘结抗剪强度。结果表明：ＨＦ酸蚀刻可增加陶瓷焉牙釉质间粘结强度，ＨＦ酸浓度－时间的最佳搭配点为：２．５％－５．０ｍｉｎ，５．０％－５．０ｍｉｎ，７．５％－２．５ｍｉｎ，１０．０％－１．０ｍｉｎ，１５．０％－０．５ｍｉｎ。陶瓷－树脂－牙釉质的粘结破坏形式以混合破坏为主。     

表面活性剂对S．sobrinus 6715在实验性获得性膜粘附影响的体外研究

通过细菌对羧磷灰石（ＨＡ）表面形成的实验性获得性膜粘附的实验模式，比较了５种表面活性剂对Ｓ．ｓｏｂｒｉｎｕｓ６７１５粘附的影响。结果表明，所实验的５种ＳＡＡ对Ｓ．ｓｏｂｒｉｎｕｓ６７１５对原位形成的葡聚糖的粘附无明显影响，而阳离子含氟表面活性剂ＺｏｎｙｌＦＳＣ在０．１％～０．２％浓度时对粘附的菌细胞有明显的解吸作用。     

超声洁治前含漱对减少诊室内空气细菌污染作用的研究

目的 了解复方三氯生漱口液、0.12%氯己定及3%过氧化氢等几种常用漱口液对减少超声洁治产生细菌性气溶胶的作用。方法 在志愿者头部等高离口腔30 cm处放置普通琼脂平板,用空气沉降法收集细菌2 min,经上述漱口液漱口后,分组对超声洁治前、洁治过程中及洁治完成后5 min的气雾作菌落计数。结果 3种漱口液均降低了超声洁治产生的气雾中的细菌含量,以氯己定作用最强。3种漱口液漱口后,洁治过程中空气中的细菌分别为1 467.95,871.35,1 515.05 CFU/m3,蒸馏水对照组为2 818.15 CFU/m3。在洁治完成5 min后,气雾中仍有较多细菌残留。结论 复方三氯生、0.12%氯己定及3%过氧化氢漱口液均可有效降低超声洁治术中空气菌落数。洁治前应该使用漱口液含漱以减少空气中细菌污染。在洁治后一段时间内,空气中仍有较多细菌残留,需要注意防护。     

Efficacy of preprocedural rinsing with an antiseptic in reducing viable bacteria in dental aerosols.

This double-blind, controlled, cross-over, clinical study evaluated the effect of preprocedural rinsing with an antiseptic mouthrinse on the level of recoverable viable bacteria in an aerosol generated during a typical dental procedure. Eighteen subjects participated. Following 24 hours of abstention from all oral hygiene procedures, subjects received a 10-minute ultrasonic scaling of a randomly selected one-half of their mouth which served as the unrinsed control. They were then randomly assigned either antiseptic mouthwash or a control rinse and rinsed with 20 ml for 30 seconds, after which the remaining half mouth (experimental side) was scaled ultrasonically for 10 minutes. During each 10-minute scaling period aerosolized bacteria were collected on a sterile filter using a modified vacuum air-sampling device. Microbes captured on the sterile filter were quantitated by overlaying the filters onto trypticase soy agar, incubating the filters aerobically at 37 degrees C for 24 to 72 hours, and counting the resulting colony forming units (CFU). Preliminary experiments had confirmed that neither the collection method nor residual antiseptic mouthwash in the aerosol adversely affected the number of viable bacteria recovered from the filter. Rinsing with the antiseptic mouthwash produced a 94.1% reduction in recoverable CFUs compared to the non-rinsed control, while the control rinse produced a 33.9% reduction. The difference between the mouthwash and control was statistically significant (P < .001). This study indicates that preprocedural rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash can significantly reduce the microbial content of aerosols generated during ultrasonic scaling and may have potential in-office use as part of an infection control regimen.     

三种冲洗液用于超声根管预备抗菌效果的对比研究

目的 探讨生理盐水、次氯酸钠、口泰与超声波联合应用杀灭感染根管内厌氧菌的效果。方法 将60例慢性根尖周炎患者共60颗患牙随机分为3组，每组各20颗患牙，三组均用超声法进行根管预备并分别以生理盐水、次氯酸钠、口泰作为超声冲洗液，根管预备前后分别取样进行厌氧培养。结果 次氯酸钠组和口泰组其厌氧菌减少程度均明显大于生理盐水组（P〈0．01）；次氯酸钠组和口泰组之间其厌氧菌减少程度无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论 口泰与超声波联合应用可有效杀灭感染根管内厌氧菌，其抗菌效果与次氯酸纳相近似，是一种较理想的根管超声冲洗液。     

口泰用于根管超声冲洗抗菌效果的研究

目的 :研究口泰与超声波联合应用杀灭感染根管内厌氧菌的效果。方法 :将 6 0例慢性根尖周炎患者共 6 0颗患牙随机分为 3组 ,每组各 2 0颗患牙 ,第 1组常规法手持器械根管预备及常规针筒式根管冲洗 ,第 2、3组均用超声法进行根管预备并分别以生理盐水、口泰作为超声冲洗液 ,根管预备前后分别取样进行厌氧培养。结果 :第 2组厌氧菌减少程度明显大于第 1组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;第 3组厌氧菌减少程度明显大于第 2组 (P <0 .0 1) ,显著大于第 1组(P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :超声波在根管杀菌方面有独特的优势 ,口泰可有效杀灭感染根管内厌氧菌 ,是一种较理想的根管超声冲洗液     

Effect of rinsing with povidone-iodine on bacteraemia due to scaling: a randomized-controlled trial

AIM: To investigate rinsing with povidone-iodine on bacteraemia caused by ultrasonic scaling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty patients with gingivitis undertook a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in which 30 rinsed with 0.9% saline and 30 with 7.5% povidone-iodine for 2 min. before ultrasonic scaling of FDI teeth 31-35. Blood samples before and after 30 s and 2 min. of scaling were cultured by lysocentrifugation. RESULTS: Oral bacteraemia occurred in 33.3% of the saline group and 10% of the povidone-iodine group. Regression analysis showed that rinsing with povidone-iodine was approximately 80% more effective than rinsing with saline in reducing the occurrence of bacteraemia, with a statistically significant odds ratio (OR) of 0.189 (95% confidence intervals, OR=0.043-0.827). There were 24 oral bacterial isolates in the saline group and 3 in the povidone-iodine group. Viridans streptococci comprised 11 of the isolates in the saline group and none in the povidone-iodine group. Bacteraemia magnitude was 0.1 colony-forming units/ml in the povidone-iodine subjects and 0.1-0.7 CFU/ml in the saline group. CONCLUSIONS: Rinsing with 7.5% povidone-iodine reduced the incidence and magnitude of bacteraemia and eliminated viridans streptococci from such bacteraemia. Povidone-iodine rinsing may be helpful for ultrasonic scaling of gingivitis patients at risk of infective endocarditis.     

Microbial analysis of the autogenous bone collected by bone filter during oral surgery: a clinical study.

PURPOSE: The purposes of the study presented are to identify the microbial content of the collected bone debris and to determine the antibacterial efficiency of chlorhexidine mouth rinse in reducing the microbial content of the collected bone debris. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients who had asymptomatic fully impacted mandibular third molars bilaterally underwent surgical removal for prophylactic and orthodontic considerations. Immediately before surgery all patients rinsed with 10 mL of their assigned solution (chlorhexidine or sterile saline) for 2 minutes. Before surgical removal of the teeth, bone debris was collected with a stringent aspiration protocol from the ramus by bone filter. The microbial content of the bone debris was assessed and the bacterial levels between the 2 groups were compared statistically. RESULTS: All samples from both groups (chlorhexidine or sterile saline) yielded viable microorganisms. There was no significant difference between the mean/median colony-forming units (CFU)/g values of both group samples, for aerobes (Streptococcus salivarius) and anaerobes (Bacteroides, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Veillonella species). With regard to total microorganisms, the mean CFU/g derived from the chlorhexidine group samples were 1.5 x 10(8) CFU/g per bone sample compared with 1.5 x 10(9) CFU/g for the sterile saline control group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Although chlorhexidine rinsing immediately before surgery reduced the levels of total microorganisms when compared with stringent aspiration protocol alone, it has not been found effective on aerobic Streptococcus salivarius and, importantly, on anaerobes. The reduced bacterial levels may still carry high infectious risk and may lead to failure in autogenous grafting procedures in oral surgery.     

Microbiological and clinical effects of chlorhexidine digluconate and hydrogen peroxide mouthrinses on developing plaque and gingivitis

While the ability of chlorhexidine (CHX) to prevent plaque formation and inhibit the development of gingivitis has been well documented in the literature, the therapeutic value of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in preventing gingivitis is in dispute. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and microbiological effects of an established therapeutic agent, such as chlorhexidine with that of H2O2 in the experimental gingivitis model. Following a period of stringent oral hygiene, 32 subjects were allocated to 1 of 3 treatment groups which were balanced on the basis of their pre-experimental gingivitis scores. The subjects then refrained from any oral hygiene for 21 days. During this period, they rinsed twice a day with either a placebo, 0.12% CHX, or a 1% H2O2 mouthrinse. After 21 days, supragingival and marginal plaque was collected from each subject and assayed for total cultivable microbiota, total facultative anaerobes, facultative Streptococci, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, Veillonella and Capnocytophaga. At the end of the experimental period, the group rinsing with 0.12% CHX showed 95% reduction in gingivitis incidence, 100% reduction in bleeding sites, and 80% reduction in plaque scores compared to the group rinsing with placebo. Conversely, the group using 1% H2O2 showed a marginal reduction in gingivitis incidence of 15% and a 28% reduction in bleeding sites compared to the placebo group, but no significant reduction in plaque scores. The microbiological results showed that 0.12% CHX was an excellent broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent which significantly reduced the number of both facultative and obligate anaerobes in plaque.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Lethal photosensitization of bacteria in subgingival plaque from patients with chronic periodontitis

Subgingival plaque samples from patients with chronic periodontitis were exposed to light from a 7.3 mW Helium/Neon laser for 30 s in the presence and absence of 50 μg /ml toluidine blue O as a photosensitizer. Viable counts of various groups and species of bacteria were carried out before and after irradiation. The median numbers of viable bacteria initially present in the 30-μl aliquots irradiated were 1.13 × 10⁵ cfu (aerobes), 4.08 × 10⁵ cfu (anaerobes), 4.92 × 10³ cfu (black-pigmented anaerobes), 4.75 × 10² cfu ( Porphyromonas gingivalis ), 6.15 × 10³ cfu ( Fusobacterium nucleatum ) and 1.7 × 10⁴ cfu (streptococci). The dye/laser combination achieved significant reductions in the viability of these organisms, the median reductions in the viable counts being 91.1% for aerobes, 96.6% for anaerobes, 100% for black-pigmented anaerobes, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum and 94.2% for streptococci. Overall, the viability of bacteria in the 20 plaque samples was not significantly decreased by the dye alone. However, in a small minority of samples there were indications of light-independent, dye-induced toxicity. Low-power lasers, in conjunction with appropriate photosensitizers, may be a useful adjunct to mechanical debridement in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases if a similar effectiveness against subgingival plaque bacteria can be achieved in vivo .     

Topographic distribution of black-pigmenting anaerobes before and after periodontal treatment by local delivery of tetracycline

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of black-pigmenting Gram-negative bacteria in the dentition of 10 adult periodontitis patients before and after treatment by local delivery of tetracycline. The subjects were selected based on a screening for high counts of Porphyramonas gingivalis and multiple deep pockets. Subgingival microbial samples were taken from the mesial and distal aspect of every tooth (44 to 56 sites per patient) before treatment, and after one and two months. Therapy included full mouth scaling and root planing, chlorhexidine mouth rinsing and placement of tetracycline HCI fibers (Actisite®) on all teeth. 63.4% of 524 baseline samples yielded total anaerobic viable counts 2106 CFU/ml: P. gingivalis was found in 59.2% and Prevotella intermedia in 56.9%. One month after treatment, the % of samples with 10⁶ CPU/ml was reduced to 9.4%, 5.3% were P. gingivalisand 5.1%P. intermedia-positive. After 2 months, 9.6% samples yielded 10⁶ CFU/ml, 5.2% were P. gingivalisand 9.4% P. intermedia- ositive. 20 of the 39 sites with a persistence of P. gingivalis were located on second molars. Logistic regression models were utilized to explain the persistence of P. gingivalis, using site location and other clinical parameters as indepedent variables. These analyses indicated a strong association of site location, pocket depth and bleeding on sampling with persistence of P. gingivalis. The study shows that local delivery of tetracycline is highly effective in reducing the prevalence and proportions of black-pigmenting anaerobes within a dentition. Bleeding deep pockets of second molars have an increased risk for persistence of these anaerobes.     

Rinsing with delmopinol 0.2% and chlorhexidine 0.2%: short-term effect on salivary microbiology, plaque, and gingivitis.

The aim of this short-term study was to compare the effect of delmopinol HCl 0.2% and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% rinses on the development of dental plaque, the healing of experimental gingivitis, and the salivary microbiology. As part of a larger study protocol, 45 healthy males enrolled in an oral hygiene program to upgrade their oral health. For this portion of the study, participants had their teeth professionally cleaned on day 0. The participants then abstained from standard mechanical oral hygiene procedures, but applied a placebo solution twice daily for 2 weeks. At the end of this period the subjects received a second professional cleaning and were then assigned to 2 treatment groups: Group 1 rinsed with 10 ml of delmopinol HCl 0.2% and Group 2 rinsed with 10 ml of chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% for 1 minute twice daily for the next 2 weeks and continued to refrain from mechanical oral hygiene procedures. At the end of the placebo and active treatment periods 1) saliva samples were taken and cultivated on a series of media; 2) the degree of gingivitis was assessed with gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingivitis index (GI); and 3) the plaque index was assessed and the stainable buccal plaque extension was analyzed planimetrically. No changes in the salivary microbiological counts were detected for the subjects rinsing with delmopinol. Subjects rinsing with chlorhexidine showed significant reductions of anaerobes, aerobes, and S. mutans in saliva. The amounts of GCF and GI were reduced largely to the same extent in both treatment groups. Mean plaque extension was reduced by 52% after delmopinol and 88% after chlorhexidine rinsing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)