黑逍遥散对东莨菪碱致痴呆小鼠模型的影响

目的观察黑逍遥散对东莨菪碱致痴呆小鼠模型的影响,探讨其防治痴呆的作用机制。方法昆明种小鼠50只,随机分为空白组、模型组、黑逍遥散组、逍遥散组、精简方组,每组10只。采用氢溴酸东莨菪碱腹腔注射诱发小鼠记忆障碍建立模型,各药物组每日给予相应的原药材水煎液2.314 g/kg,空白组和模型组给予等量生理盐水,每日灌胃1次,连续灌胃10 d。给药后第6、8日采用水迷宫法、跳台法及避暗法进行行为学能力训练,给药后第10日进行行为学能力测试,完毕后处死动物,采集脑组织并测定脑组织中乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)和胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)的活性。结果与模型组比较,黑逍遥散组、逍遥散组及精简方组均能减少水迷宫测试中错误次数,缩短潜伏时间;减少在跳台、避暗测试中的电击次数,延长潜伏期时间;均能升高脑组织匀浆ChAT活性,降低AchE活性(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),其中以黑逍遥组效果最为明显。结论黑逍遥散及其类方具有防治老年性痴呆的作用。     

东当归乙醇提取物对小鼠学习记忆的影响

目的 观察东当归乙醇提取物对记忆障碍模型小鼠的作用效果.方法 应用氢溴酸东莨菪碱注射液(SCOP)制备小鼠记忆障碍模型,采用避暗实验、跳台实验、水迷宫实验和Y型电迷宫穿梭实验等方法观察不同剂量东当归乙醇提取物对记忆障碍模型小鼠的作用效果.结果 与模型组比较,东当归乙醇提取物中、高浓度组均能改善记忆障碍,作用强度类似于石杉碱甲.结论 东当归乙醇提取物对SCOP诱导的小鼠记忆障碍具有良好的改善作用.     

西洋参虫草口服液改善学习记忆功能的实验研究

目的：观察西洋参口服液对学习记忆的改善作用。方法：分别采用避暗法、跳台法、水迷宫法对正常幼龄小鼠、氢澳酸东莨菪碱及戊巴比妥钠所致记忆障碍小鼠及正常老龄小鼠进行学习记忆测试。结果：不同剂量的西洋参口服液不仅能提高正常小鼠的学习记忆力，同时对记忆障碍小鼠的学习记忆力也有一定的保护作用。结论：西洋参虫草口服液能有效增强和改善学习记忆力。     

解毒益智胶囊的益智效应及对中枢胆碱能神经功能的影响

目的观察解毒益智胶囊的益智效应及对中枢胆碱能神经功能的影响,为治疗轻度认知障碍提供实验依据。方法建立东莨菪碱致小鼠学习记忆障碍模型。按体重随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、安理申对照组及解毒益智胶囊高、中、低、极低剂量组。采用避暗法、跳台法和Morris水迷宫法观察解毒益智胶囊的益智效应;采用乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）试剂盒检测全脑AchE活性;采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,以18SrRNA为内参基因,用SYBRGreenI染料法检测海马M1受体和胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）基因相对表达,双标准曲线法进行计算和数据分析。结果解毒益智胶囊能显著延长东莨菪碱致模型小鼠学习记忆障碍模型避暗实验和跳台实验逃避潜伏期,减少错误次数,显著缩短Morris水迷宫实验平均逃避潜伏期,改善空间搜索策略;能显著提高学习记忆障碍小鼠模型全脑AchE的活性;显著增强海马M1受体和ChAT基因表达,解毒益智胶囊高、中、低、极低剂量组M1受体基因分别较模型组表达增高了14．9、7．3、8．2、1．8倍,而ChAT基因则分别较模型对照组提高了6．6、26．5、1．2、6．1倍。结论解毒益智胶囊具有良好的益智作用。     

知母皂甙元对东莨菪碱所致学习记忆障碍和脑胆碱乙酰转移酶活力降低的影响

目的:观察知母活性成分知母皂甙元(ZMS)对学习记忆和脑中胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)活性的影响。方法:腹腔内一次注射东莨菪碱建立小鼠拟痴呆模型,用避暗法及跳台法测定学习记忆能力,用~3H-乙酰辅酶A掺入法测定脑组织ChAT活性。结果:ZMS可使东莨菪碱拟痴呆小鼠在学习记忆实验中的错误次数明显减少,潜伏期显著延长,并能显著增强脑内ChAT活性。结论:ZMS能够提高东莨菪碱拟痴呆小鼠的学习记忆能力,增强脑内ChAT的活性,但是,由于ZMS提高ChAT活性没有明显的量效关系,而且Tacrine也有类似作用,所以很可能不是直接提高ChAT活性,而是通过提高脑M受体密度实现的。     

益智护脑方对东莨菪碱诱导小鼠记忆功能障碍模型的保护作用及机制研究

目的:探讨益智护脑方对东莨菪碱致小鼠记忆功能障碍的保护作用及作用机制。方法:取SPF级昆明小鼠按体质量随机为正常对照组、模型组、牛磺酸阳性对照组及益智护脑方低、中、高剂量组,各组按设计剂量灌胃给药30 d后,制备东莨菪碱致小鼠记忆获得障碍模型,依次进行避暗试验、Morris水迷宫试验的训练及测试,测试结束后取脑组织用试剂盒检测AChE、SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量;取海马组织采用酶联免疫吸附法检测TNF-α、IL-1β含量、Western blot检测NF-κB蛋白表达。结果:益智护脑方可延长小鼠在避暗试验中进入暗室的潜伏期,减少5 min内错误次数;缩短小鼠水迷宫试验中找到平台的潜伏期时间;降低脑组织AChE、MDA含量,升高脑组织SOD、GSH-Px含量;降低海马组织中的TNF-α、IL-1β含量及NF-κB蛋白表达。结论:益智护脑方能改善东莨菪碱诱导小鼠记忆功能障碍,其作用机制可能与抗氧化及调节脑内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活力水平,影响小鼠海马组织中NF-κB信号转导通路有关。     

首乌神颗粒对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

采用跳台法、避暗法、电迷宫法及复杂迷宫觅食法观察了首乌神颗粒对因樟柳碱、东莨菪碱、戊巴比妥钠、亚硝酸钠及40％乙醇造成小鼠记忆障碍影响,结果表明首乌神颗粒对小鼠的学习和记忆获得障碍、记忆巩固不良及记忆再现缺失均有明显的改善作用。     

补脑丸对动物学习记忆的影响

研究补脑丸对小鼠及大鼠学习、记忆的影响。小白鼠避暗法的试验结果表明，补脑丸０．６５ｇ的（生药量）／ｋｇ及１．２９ｇ（生药量）／ｋｇ灌胃，连续７ｄ，均能显著延长氢溴酸东莨菪碱所致记获得障碍小鼠测试时的潜伏期，补脑丸１．２９ｇ（生药量）／ｋｇ还能显著减少氢溴酸东莨菪碱所致记忆获得障碍小鼠测试时５ｍｉｎ时的错误次数。结果提示，补脑丸能明显改善东莨菪碱所致７记获得障碍小鼠的记忆功能。大白鼠跳台法的实验结果     

血脉通过小鼠学习记忆能力的改善作用

目的：观察血脉通过东莨菪碱、亚硝酸钠、乙醇致小鼠记忆障碍模型的影响。方法：采用东莨菪碱造成小鼠记忆获得障碍,用跳台法作行为检测;分别采用乙醇、亚硝酸钠造成小鼠记忆再现、记忆巩固障碍模型,用避暗法进行行为检测。结果：血脉通可减少东莨菪碱模型跳台错误次数;对乙醇记忆再现障碍、亚硝酸钠记忆巩固障碍模型可延长进入暗室的潜伏期,减少某进入暗室的错误次数;血脉通过大剂量还明显提高东莨菪碱模型的脑重指数。结论：血脉通过对东莨菪碱、乙醇及亚硝酸钠引起的小鼠记忆障碍模型有不同程度的改善作用。     

逍遥散对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的:观察逍遥散对正常小鼠及记忆障碍小鼠学习记忆能力的影响,探讨其是否具有改善学习记忆能力的作用.方法:Morris水迷宫法观察逍遥散连续给药21d对正常小鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响;避暗法观察逍遥散对东莨菪碱、亚硝酸钠、乙醇及利血平所致记忆障碍模型小鼠学习记忆能力的影响.结果:Morris水迷宫实验表明,逍遥散30g/kg可明显提高正常小鼠空间学习记忆能力.避暗实验结果表明,逍遥散30、20g/kg对利血平所致记忆获得与亚硝酸钠所致记忆巩固障碍有保护作用,但对东莨菪碱、乙醇造成的小鼠记忆障碍作用不明显.结论:逍遥散具有一定增强和改善学习记忆能力的作用,其机制可能与影响单胺类递质及抗氧化、改善脑内血液循环有关.     

Muscle relaxant activity and hypotensive activity of some Tabernaemontana alkaloids

Stemmadenine, the major alkaloid from the seeds of Tabernaemontana dichotoma, showed hypotensive activity and weak muscle relaxant activity. Perivine, vobasine, coronaridine and dichomine, some of the alkaloids found in the leaves, fruits and bark of T. dichotoma, also showed hypotensive and muscle relaxant activity.     

影响胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶纤溶活性因素初探及其纤溶活性失活研究

目的通过探讨影响胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶纤溶活性的因素及其纤溶活性失活方法,排除胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶对中药鼠妇Armadillidium vulgare活性粗蛋白纤溶活性检测的干扰,以在鼠妇活性粗蛋白酶解过程,获取相对分子质量更小、效价更高的蛋白质或多肽。方法采用纤溶蛋白平板法分别研究pH值、温度、金属离子、酶抑制剂和表面活性剂对胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶纤溶活性的影响,以获取较佳的酶失活工艺,并研究较佳酶失活工艺对尿激酶、蚓激酶、鼠妇纤溶酶纤溶活性的影响。结果 pH值、温度、金属离子、酶抑制剂和表面活性剂均可对胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶纤溶活性产生影响,其中胃蛋白酶的最优失活方案为pH 6.0~8.0;胰蛋白酶的最优失活方案为质量浓度25 mg/mL TLCK和浓度1 mmol/L EDTA的混合制剂。结论研究所获取的较佳酶失活工艺,可用于以纤维蛋白平板法检测胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶降解产物的纤溶活性,操作简单,重复性好,稳定性好。     

枇杷叶紫珠化学成分及其细胞毒活性和抗炎活性

目的研究枇杷叶紫珠Callicarpa kochiana的化学成分及其细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。方法枇杷叶紫珠90%丙酮提取物采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、MCI、ODS、重结晶、半制备HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。采用CCK8法、Griess法、ELISA法测定化合物4~5的细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。结果从中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为3,7,3’,4’-tetramethyl-quercetin (1)、pachypodol (2)、14α-hydroxyisopimaric acid(3)、14α-hydroxy-7,15-isopimaradien-18-oic acid (4)、(16R)-16,17-dihydroxyphyllolladan-3-one (5)。化合物4在一定浓度范围内对7种肿瘤细胞具有不同程度的抑制作用,并可以减少RAW264. 7细胞NO、IL-10、MCP-1、TNF-α的释放量。结论化合物1~5均为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物4具有细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。     

Antipyretic activity of alpha- and beta-santonin

The antipyretic activity of two sesquiterpene lactones, beta-santonin and arsubin, isolated from the lipid fraction of Artemisia coerulescens subsp. gallica was determined in rats along with the activity of alpha-santonin. In its alpha- and beta-forms, santonin caused a decrease in the body temperature of rats made febrile by the subcutaneous injection of beer yeast. This decrease, more pronounced in the case of beta-santonin, was dose-dependent and antagonized by pretreatment with haloperidol, an agent that also opposes the antipyretic activity of dopamine. These findings seem to show that the alpha- and beta-forms of santonin act on rectal temperature in a way similar to dopamine.     

褐藻多糖硫酸酯的抗凝和纤溶活性

目的 研究褐藻多糖硫酸酯（FPS）抗凝血和纤溶激活作用。方法 测定FPS对内源性和外源性凝血途径以及纤溶系统的影响。结果 FPS对内源性和外源性凝血途径均有较强的抑制作用。并且能够增强纤溶系统的活性,小鼠ipFPS40,20,10mg/kg后30min与对照组相比,血凝时间分别延长1267%,302%,83%。FPS2.5,5,10mg/mL使大鼠离体凝血酶原时间比生理盐水对照组分别延长207%,1627%,4561%。大鼠10mg/kg舌下iv30min后取血,用试剂盒测得其能使血浆t-PA活性提高达107%。结论 FPS具有较强的抗凝血作用。其作用机制可能与肝素类似。     

Antidermatophytic and bacterial activity of mimosine

Mimosine, a non-protein aromatic amino acid was tested at 100, 50 and 25 microg/mL on some human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Mimosine exhibited total lethality towards Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton rubrum at 100 microg/mL. Among the tested bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited to a larger extent than the other bacteria. The studies revealed mimosine to be potent against fungi rather than bacteria. This study reports the effect of mimosine on dermatophytes for the first time.     

Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of sophocarpine

Aim of the study

This study aimed to assess the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of sophocarpine in rodents.

Materials and methods

The anti-nociceptive effect was evaluated in two experimental animal models and anti-inflammatory effect in three animal models, and sophocarpine was given by tail vein injection for the above study.

Results

Pretreatment with a single dose of sophocarpine (20 and 40 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent anti-nociceptive effects in thermally and chemically induced mouse pain models. Pretreatment with a single dose of sophocarpine also produced significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects on carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema (15 and 30 mg/kg), xylene-induced mouse ear edema (20 and 40 mg/kg) and acetic acid-induced mouse vascular permeation (20 and 40 mg/kg).

Conclusions

Sophocarpine possesses peripheral and central analgesic properties as well as anti-inflammatory activity on acute inflammatory processes.     

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of arbortristoside-A

Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn is a well-documented plant. It is evident from literature and previous investigations that Nyctanthes arbortristis possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. In the present study arbortristoside-A has been isolated from the ethanolic extract of its seeds. The structure of the isolated compound was determined by chemical reactions and spectroscopic methods. Arbortristoside-A was found to possess significant and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity. It seems arbortristoside-A inhibited the histamine, serotonin and carrageenan-induced edema suggesting its inhibiting effect on carrageenan, arachidonic acid, histamine and serotonin-induced edema suggesting its anti-inflammatory activity may be due to the inhibiting effect of prostaglandin, histamine and serotonin. The analgesic activity of arbortristoside-A may be due to the inhibition of the action of prostaglandin.     

Medicinal plants and antimicrobial activity

In the present paper, we analyze the past, present and future of medicinal plants, both as potential antimicrobial crude drugs as well as a source for natural compounds that act as new anti-infection agents. In the past few decades, the search for new anti-infection agents has occupied many research groups in the field of ethnopharmacology. When we reviewed the number of articles published on the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants in PubMed during the period between 1966 and 1994, we found 115; however, in the following decade between 1995 and 2004, this number more than doubled to 307. In the studies themselves one finds a wide range of criteria. Many focus on determining the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts found in folk medicine, essential oils or isolated compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, diterpenes, triterpenes or naphtoquinones, among others. Some of these compounds were isolated or obtained by bio-guided isolation after previously detecting antimicrobial activity on the part of the plant. A second block of studies focuses on the natural flora of a specific region or country; the third relevant group of papers is made up of specific studies of the activity of a plant or principle against a concrete pathological microorganism. Some general considerations must be established for the study of the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts, essential oils and the compounds isolated from them. Of utmost relevance is the definition of common parameters, such as plant material, techniques employed, growth medium and microorganisms tested.