肺动脉切除重建术在肺癌外科治疗中的应用

目的 总结肺动脉切除重建术在肺癌外科治疗中应用的经验。方法 对36例中心型肺癌侵犯肺动脉的病人行肺动脉切除重建术。重建术采用自体心包移植补片5例、奇静脉移植补片3例、心包管间位移植2例,肺动脉袖式切除9例,侧壁切除17例;同时支气管袖式切除30例,肺叶切除6例。术后辅助放疗14例,化疗12例。结果 术后1例支气管吻合口瘘者死亡,余者肺通气及灌注良好。术后1、3和5年生存率分别为82．9％、48．1％和35．3％。结论 应用自体心包、奇静脉移植及直接肺动脉重建术治疗中心型肺癌是一种安全、有效、可靠的术式,能扩大手术适应证,彻底切除肿瘤,保存肺功能,疗效满意。     

应用自体心包为材料制作肺动脉狭窄模型

目的 探讨自体心包条带制作肺动脉狭窄动物模型的可行性.方法 8头小型猪分别接受左侧第3肋间开胸,取自体心包条,用生理盐水浸泡30 min后,环缩左肺动脉至原始直径的30％ ～ 40％,术后1个月正中开胸,应用心导管及造影检查测量左肺动脉环缩术后跨狭窄段收缩压差及狭窄处肺动脉内径,行肺动脉支架置入术,3个月后取材行组织病理检查.结果 左肺动脉环缩后即刻,左肺动脉内径从(16.0±0.4) mm减少到(6.4±0.2)mm(P＜0.01),而术中环缩后跨狭窄段压差为35(18 ～52) mm Hg(中位数,极值,1mm Hg=0.133 kPa),环缩术后1个月与环缩后即时结果比较,动脉内径及跨狭窄段压差,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).环缩术后8只小型猪均存活,未出现环缩带松脱、断裂等并发症,也未出现左肺动脉发育不良或动脉闭锁.病理结果显示环缩处肺动脉未见钙化灶,周围肺动脉壁组织大致正常.结论 在动物肺动脉狭窄模型制作中,应用自体心包环缩带是切实可行的.     

同时支气管肺动脉成形治疗中心型肺癌

自１９８７年至１９９５年，对２３例中心型肺癌病人采用同时行支气管、肺动脉成形术治疗。其中支气管完全袖式切除２０例，楔形袖式切除３例；肺动脉干侧壁切除１８例，袖式切除５例。术后１、３、５年生存率分别为７．３％、４５．５％、３３．３％。采用同时支气管肺动脉成形术治疗中心型肺癌进一步减少了全肺切除术的比率，扩大了手术适应证，取得了满意的治疗效果。     

自体心包奇静脉补片肺动脉重建术在中心型肺癌治疗中的应用

目的 探讨自体心包、奇静脉移植补片肺动脉重建技术在中心型非小细胞肺癌治疗中应用的临床价值及其外科技术问题.方法 1992年3月至2009年8月,应用自体心包、奇静脉移植补片肺动脉重建技术治疗62例肺血管受侵犯的中心型非小细胞肺癌.术前行新辅助化疗2个疗程17例,术后pTNM分期:Ⅱb期4例,Ⅲa期46例,Ⅲb期12例.根据肺动脉和支气管受侵的情况,采用自体奇静脉移植补片术18例、心包移植补片术38例、制成心包管间位移植术6例,合并上腔静脉侧壁切除心包奇静脉补片成形术5例,同时行支气管袖式切除51例,肺叶切除11例.术后接受辅助化疗47例,辅助放疗19例.结果 全组术中冰冻和术后病理检查证实肺动脉及支气管切缘均无癌残留.手术死亡2例(3.2%),死因为术后支气管吻合口瘘致呼吸衰竭和术后严重心律失常、心脏骤停各1例.术后主要并发症发生率17.7%(11/62例),经对症处理后治愈.出院前或术后2～6个月经胸部X线、CT、心脏超声及气管镜检查显示2例发生支气管吻合口狭窄,经气管镜微波治疗好转,其余肺通气及血流灌注良好,无肺血管狭窄和栓塞等并发症.60例术后随访6～210个月,平均49.5个月.术后1、3、5、10年生存率分别80.2%(49/60例)、44.7%(21/47例)、31.4%(11/35例)、23.1%(3/13例).结论 自体心包、奇静脉移植补片肺动脉重建技术,可安全、有效地用于治疗肺动脉侧壁切除后缺损较大的中心型肺癌病人;制成心包管间位移植对袖式切除后肺动脉缺损过长吻合困难或失败者,是可行的肺动脉重建技术.

Abstract：

Objective To review the clinical experience of reconstruction of pulmonary artery(PA) by a pateh of autologus pericardium or azygous venae for non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Between March 1992 and August 2009, 62 patients with locally advanced central lung cancer received sleeve resection and reconstruction of PA. According to PTNM classification, 4 patients were in stage Ⅱb, 46 in stage Ⅲa and 12 in stage Ⅲb. 17 patients had induction chemothoerapy. Sleeve lotrate the PA, the surgical procedures included partial PA tangential resections and reconstructions by a pateh of autologous azygous venas in 18 cases , a patch of autologous pericardium in 38 cases and a complete PA sleeve resection reconstructios by a custom-made autologous pericardial conduit interposition in 6 cases. Partial superior vena cava tangential resctions and reconstructions were performed in 5 patients by a patch of autologous pericardium or azygous venae. 47 patients received pstoperative chemotherapy and 19 had radiotherapy. Results There was 2 early postoperative deaths(3.2%). The cause of death was bronchial anastomotic leak led to respiratory failure in 1 case and severe arrhmia led to heart arrest in 1. No cancerous tissue of all resection margins are checked by frzen section histology and examination of resection specimens in the surgical pathology laboratory. The postoperative complications occurred in 11 patients(17.7%) and all of them recovered uneventfully.Roentgenography, flexible bronchoscopy and echocardiography were in normal range in the remaining 60 patients with no bronchial anastomosis stenosis or vascular thombosis before discharge and at 2-6 months after surgery. The mean follow up time was 49.5 months (6-210 months). The overall 1, 3, 5 and 10 yerr survival rates were 80.2%, 44.7% ,31.4% and 23. 1%, respectively. Conclusion Reonstruction of PA by autologous pericardial patch or autologous azygos vein patch is a safe and effective technique for locally advanced lung cancer.For extended circumferential defects of PA,the autologous pericardial conduit interposition could bue used for reconstruction.     

支气管肺动脉成形术治疗中心型肺癌32例

我院自2001年3月至2007年5月采取支气管肺动脉成形术治疗中心型肺癌32例，效果满意，报告如下：     

改良胸腔镜下肺动脉成形术在全肺切除术中的应用

目的探讨改良胸腔镜下肺动脉成形术在全肺切除术中应用的可行性。方法2012年4～10月,我科对15例侵犯肺门的肺癌行改良胸腔镜下肺动脉成形联合全肺切除术,与传统方法不同之处在于游离肺静脉、肺动脉及支气管后,在阻断肺动脉时,采用0号不可吸收丝线环绕肺动脉主干2周后收紧,暂不打结,将线的两端用蚊式钳固定于操作孔周围的无菌中单,然后将哈巴狗钳置于0号线远端约5mm处,远端血管使用0号线阻断。结果10例左全肺切除联合纵隔淋巴结清扫术,5例右全肺切除联合纵隔淋巴结清扫术。肺动脉成形时间平均14min（10～19min）,平均手术时间180．6min（120～231min）,平均出血量100ml（50～250ml）。术中、术后未输血,无围手术期并发症发生。术后病理：10例鳞癌,2例腺癌,2例小细胞肺癌,1例大细胞肺癌;病理分期：ⅢA期12例,ⅡB期2例,ⅡA期1例。平均住院时间7d（6～9d）。14例术后随访1年,1例术后5个月死于对侧肺部感染,1例术后10个月死于脑转移,余12例无复发。结论改良肺动脉成形方法可行。     

肺动脉成形肺叶切除术治疗侵及肺动脉的肺癌

肺动脉成形肺叶切除术治疗侵及肺动脉的肺癌冯流辉，高治人，李海林，刘早阳，李涛我院１９９３年６月至１９９４年３月，对３例侵及肺动脉的肺癌施行肺动脉成形肺叶切除术，近期效果良好，现报告如下：１临床资料（见附表）２讨论最大限度地切除肺癌与最大限度地保留有功...     

自体软骨及高密度多孔聚乙烯材料在鼻整形中的应用

目的探讨自体软骨联合高密度多孔聚乙烯（Medpor）在鼻整形中应用的方法和疗效。方法根据具体情况,选择Medpor作为填充物进行鼻小柱延长,自体软骨作为鼻尖覆盖,自体软骨连接并延长鼻中隔,联合鼻背部填充自体软骨或假体隆鼻,对65例鼻美容求美者进行综合整复。结果本组共65例求美者,术后随访6～12个月,鼻小柱延长及鼻唇夹角减少效果明显,鼻背形态自然,无感染、假体外露等并发症。结论自体软骨与Medpor联合置人是安全、有效的鼻整形方法,尤其对于鼻尖、鼻小柱的处理,可提升整体手术的效果。     

支气管袖式肺叶切除肺动脉成形术治疗中心型肺癌

目的 总结支气管袖式肺叶切除、肺动脉成形术治疗中心型肺癌的临床经验.方法 回顾分析1989年5月至2009年5月收治的52例中心型肺癌患者,其中38例行支气管环状切除成形及支气管袖式肺叶切除术;12例行支气管肺动脉双袖式肺叶切除术;2例行气管隆突及半隆突切除重建合并肺叶切除术.结果 本组术后死亡1例,发生手术并发症5例...     

肺血管成形术在肺癌手术中的应用

目的　评价肺血管成形术在肺癌外科治疗中的临床疗效。方法　将 12 5例肺血管受累的肺癌患者 ,分为两组 :肺血管成形组 94例 ,非成形组 3 1例。比较两组间术后并发症、肺功能状态以及生存率。结果　肺血管成形组手术时间较非成形组长 ,但术后并发症两组类似 ,且成形组的术后呼吸衰竭发生率较非成形组为低 (P <0 .0 5 )。术后 1、3年生存率以及术后 1年肺通气功能 ,肺血管成形组明显优于非成形组 ,差异有显著性。结论　肺血管成形术能提高中晚期肺癌的手术切除率 ,降低全肺切除和姑息手术的比率 ,使患者的术后生存率和生活质量均得到明显改善 ,应在临床上常规应用。     

Novel arterioplasty of severe left pulmonary artery stenosis using native main pulmonary artery

There are multiple approaches described for the repair of stenosed branch pulmonary arteries. Regardless of the technique used, restenosis is common. We describe a case of severe left pulmonary artery stenosis repaired with a novel technique using the native main pulmonary artery which was transected and turned down to create a direct anastomosis with the left pulmonary artery. This tension‐free tissue to tissue anastomosis resulted in hemodynamically gratifying results with the potential for growth.     

非小细胞肺癌伴对侧肺内结节的外科治疗

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌伴对侧肺结节的诊断及治疗.方法 24例获明确诊断的非小细胞肺癌患者伴对侧肺结节,均接受手术治疗,术后辅助放、化疗,并定期跟踪随访14～21个月.结果 24例患者中,其中6例有原发或转移癌;肺结节的大小,原发癌的病理类型和分期与结节性质之间无联系.结论 非小细胞肺癌患者伴对侧肺结节,如果不能取得病理...     

Clinical impact of concomitant surgical diagnosis and subsequent lobectomy for preoperatively undiagnosed lung cancer

Objective We conducted a retrospective study of the clinical impact of a concomitant diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for patients with histologically unproven pulmonary nodules.Methods: Between January 2001 and December 2003, we performed 150 consecutive surgical biopsy procedures for histologically indeterminate pulmonary nodules. We compared the clinical impact of the concomitant diagnostic wedge resection followed by lobectomy (U group, n=50) with that of a scheduled standard lobectomy in those with preoperatively proven clinical stage I lung cancer during the same period (C group, n=60).Results: There were no significant differences in dichotomous variables, whereas we found significant differences in tumor size, operative time and blood loss between the 2 groups. Complication developed in 9 in the U group and 3 in the C group (p=0.030). Hospital mortality was 2% in the U group and 0% in the C group (p=0.11).Conclusion: Morbidity and mortality following a concomitant diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in patients with preoperatively undiagnosed lung cancer was acceptable, however, staged operations should be indicated for patients with considerable co-morbidity. (Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 54:187-192)     

Three pulmonary resections for metastatic lung cancer from hepatocellular carcinoma

We describe a patient who underwent pulmonary resection three times for metastatic lung cancer from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A 56-year-old man, who had a past history of right hepatic lobectomy for HCC, was referred to our department with an abnormal finding on chest computed tomography (CT). Chest CT showed three abnormal shadows, in the right upper lobe (S3b), right middle lobe (S5), and right lower lobe (S10), respectively, and there was no evidence of intrahepatic recurrence. He underwent surgical resections (right upper lobectomy and partial resections) for the metastatic lung cancer from HCC. Subsequently, 12 and 16 months after the first pulmonary resection, metastatic lung cancer recurred, in right S6 and S9, respectively. Because there was no evidence of intrahepatic recurrence and because of the feasibility of curative resection, we performed partial pulmonary resections. He had no postoperative morbidity, and is alive with no evidence of disease 60 months after the first pulmonary resection. Twelve cases of repeat pulmonary resections for metastatic lung cancer from HCC have been reported in the literature, and the authors of these reports described that repeated pulmonary resections for metastatic lung cancer from HCC resulted in long-term survival. Repeat pulmonary resections for metastatic lung cancer from HCC can be an effective treatment for patients with such metastases.     

Video-assisted lobectomy for a lung cancer patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objectives: This retrospective study was conducted to see whether a video-assisted lobectomy is beneficial in lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease regarding preservation of pulmonary function compared to lobectomy by standard thoracotomy.Subjects and Methods: Between 1982 and 2002, 67 patients who underwent lobectomy for primary lung cancer showed 55% or less of preoperative forced expiratory, volume in one second/vital capacity. Among them, 25 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. The remaining 42 patients were excluded because of no presence of a postoperative pulmonary function test. Nine of 25 patients underwent a video-assisted lobectomy between 1994 and 2002 and the remaining 16 patients who underwent a lobectomy by standard thoractomy between 1982 and 1994 were employed as a historical control. Perioperative conditions and changes in pulmonary function were compared between two groups.Results: A parameter of chest wall damage was minor in video-assisted lobectomy compared to that in lobectomy by standard thoracotomy. Changes between pre- and postoperative percent of vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and maximal ventilatory volume showed significantly minor deterioration or even improvement in video-assisted lobectomy patients. Predicted postoperative pulmonary function tended to be underestimated for postoperative values in video-assisted lobectomy patientsConclusions: Video-assisted lobectomy seemed to be profitable in preservation of pulmonary function in lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Prediction of postoperative pulmonary function should be revised due to the underestimation for postoperative values in video-assisted lobectomy, which could offer profitable surgical treatment for lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.     

Perioperative rehabilitation and physiotherapy for lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on surgical morbidity and lung function in lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Prospectively, 22 lung cancer patients with COPD who underwent lobectomy between 2000 and 2003 were enrolled for this study as a rehabilitation group (Rehab. Group). The criteria of COPD were preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEVl)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ≦70% and more than 50% of low attenuation area in a computed tomography. Preoperatively patients performed aggressive pulmonary exercise for two weeks and received chest physiotherapy postoperatively. As a historical control, 60 patients with lung cancer who fulfilled the same criteria but did not receive rehabilitation between 1995 and 1999 (control group) were entered in this study. Results: Patient backgrounds were all equivalent between the two groups. However, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were significantly lower in the Rehab. Group (p<0.05). Prolonged oxygen supplement and tracheostomy tended to be more frequent in the control group. The ratio of actual postoperative to predicted postoperative FEV1 was significantly better in the Rehab. Group (p=0.047). Furthermore, postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in the control group (p=0.0003). Conclusion: Despite lower FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the Rehab. Group, postoperative pulmonary complications and long hospital stay could be effectively prevented and FEV1 was well preserved by rehabilitation and physiotherapy.     

肺叶切除并肺动脉重建术治疗中心型肺癌42例体会

目的总结应用肺叶切除并肺动脉重建术治疗中心型肺癌的经验。方法回顾性分析自1995年9月至2006年8月,我院采用肺叶切除肺动脉重建术治疗中心型肺癌42例,其中24例肺动脉楔形切除后10例直接对拢缝合,14例用自体心包片修补;18例行肺动脉段袖式切除后6例直接吻合,5例用自体奇静脉移植,7例用自体心包片作成人工管道间置,恢复血管的连续性;同期有19例施行支气管成形术;术后有29例接受化疗,8例接受放疗。结果术后无死亡病例,并发肺炎7例,轻度肺不张4例,支气管残端漏1例,经治疗后均获痊愈。余者恢复良好,均顺利出院。结论肺叶切除肺动脉重建术治疗中心型肺癌能提高肺癌切除率,扩大手术适应证,最大限度保存患者的肺功能,是一种安全有效的手术方法。