阻断Kv1.3和Kir2.1抑制人巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞分化

目的:研究泡沫细胞分化过程中离子通道Kv1.3和Kir2.1的表达及作用。方法:用30mg/L氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)孵育巨噬细胞60h建立泡沫细胞模型。采用免疫细胞化学、RT-PCR和Western印迹检测人单核细胞源性巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞上Kv1.3和Kir2.1的表达。观察Kv1.3和Kir2.1特异性阻断剂rMargatoxin和BaCl2对巨噬细胞胆固醇代谢的影响。结果:ox-LDL(30mg/L)孵育巨噬细胞60h后,细胞内总胆固醇(TC),游离胆固醇(FC)及胆固醇酯(CE)显著增加,CE/TC从(14.4±6.8)%提高到(57.9±3.5)%(P<0.05);但Kv1.3和Kir2.1的表达水平在巨噬细胞组和泡沫细胞组无明显区别(P>0.05)。Kv1.3和Kir2.1分别被rMargatoxin(0.1,10nmol/L)和BaCl2(75,125μmol/L)阻断后,细胞内TC和CE水平显著降低,CE/TC低于50%(P<0.05)。结论:Kv1.3和Kir2.1对泡沫细胞的分化均起关键作用,特异性阻断后能够抑制人单核细胞源性巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞分化。     

吉非贝齐对人巨噬细胞Kv1.3和Kir2.1表达的差别调节作用及其对膜电位的影响

目的:探讨人巨噬细胞发育过程中Kv1.3、Kir2.1通道的表达和吉非贝齐的调节作用,观察其对膜电位的影响,为动脉粥样硬化（AS）相关性疾病治疗提供电生理学依据。方法：健康人外周血单核细胞源性巨噬细胞随机分为对照5 d组（C 5d）、对照7.5 d组（C 7.5d）和吉非贝齐组（G）,吉非贝齐的终浓度为400 μmol•L^-1;采用Real time RT-PCR及Western blotting技术检测Kv1.3和Kir2.1通道的表达,电压敏感染料膜电位标测技术分析膜电位的变化。结果：与C 5d组比较,C 7.5d组Kv1.3 mRNA/蛋白水平从（1.064±0.275）/（0.227±0.018）升高至（3.067±0.824）/（0.409±0.022）（P<0.05）,但Kir2.1 mRNA/蛋白水平却从（1.024±0.166）/（0.204±0.018）降低至（0.399±0.133）/（0.042±0.008）（P<0.05）;与C 7.5d组比较,吉非贝齐组Kv1.3 mRNA/蛋白水平下降至（1.137±0.067）/（0.143±0.023）（P<0.01）,而Kir2.1 mRNA/蛋白水平却升高至（1.35±0.087）/（0.202±0.033）（P<0.01）;吉非贝齐显著消弱C 5d和C 7.5d组巨噬细胞表面的荧光强度,使其膜电位从（1.000±0.026）分别下降至（0.833±0.046）和（0.481±0.053）（P<0.05）。结论：吉非贝齐差别调节人单核细胞源性巨噬细胞Kv1.3和Kir2.1通道的表达,并降低巨噬细胞膜电位。     

人巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞分化中Kir2.1通道的表达

目的 Kir2.1通道是控制骨髓源性巨噬细胞增殖、活化和凋亡的重要离子通道之一,并且还参与细胞分化。本研究观察Kir2.1通道mRNA及蛋白在人单核细胞源性巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞分化过程中的表达。方法 采用密度梯度离心加贴壁黏附法,从男性健康志愿者的外周血中分离单核细胞,经5d培养后分化为巨噬细胞。在建立人巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞模型的基础上,采用RT-PCR,蛋白质印迹及免疫细胞化学方法研究Kir2.1通道的表达。结果 将巨噬细胞同30mg/L氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白(OxLDL)于37℃孵育60h后,细胞体积增大,并有许多红色的脂质颗粒沉积于细胞质内,细胞内的总胆固醇(TC)、游离胆固醇(FC)及胆固醇酯(CE)的含量分别从(54.79±28.304)mg/g、(47.968±26.787)mg/g和(6.822±3.437)mg/g增加至(229.775±57.453)mg/g、(96.241±24.003)mg/g和(133.535±36.292)mg/g,CE/TC从(14.437±6.781)%提高到[(57.946±3.507)%(n=7,P<0.05)]。但是,Kir2.1通道mRNA的扩增量在巨噬细胞和分化的泡沫细胞之间无显著差异[(59.074±10.566)%vs(46.98±12.527)%,n=5,P＞0.05];同样,Kir2.1通道蛋白在巨噬细胞和分化的泡沫细胞之间亦无显著差异[(60.527±18.621)%vs(50.243±11.583)%,n=6,P＞0.05]。结论 人单核细胞源性巨噬细胞同30mg/LOxLDL孵育60h后可分化为泡沫细胞,但Kir2.1通道的表达无明显改变。     

慢性心房颤动患者心房肌细胞Kir2.1、Kir3.4和Kv4.3钾通道重构的研究

目的:观察心房颤动(AF)患者心房组织钾通道 IK,ACh、IK1及 Ito1基因水平的改变。方法:将 59 例风湿性心瓣膜病接受心脏外科手术患者分为两组,其中窦性心律(SR)患者 29 例,慢性房颤(CAF)患者 30 例。手术时切取患者右心耳组织,应用RT PCR技术检测心房肌组织 Kir2.1、Kir3.4 和 Kv4.3 mRNA的表达。结果:与 SR组相比,Kir2.1 mRNA的表达在CAF患者中增加明显,达71%(P<0.01),并与 AF时程呈明显正相关(r=0.49,P=0.004)。与之相反的是Kir3.4 mRNA的表达在CAF患者中均显著减少(下降43%,P<0.01),与AF时程呈明显负相关(r=-0.54, P=0.003)。CAF组编码 Ito1的Kv4.3钾通道的mRNA表达较SR组明显下降(下降 60%,P<0.01)。Kv4.3 mRNA表达也与AF时程呈明显负相关(r=-0.67,P=0.003)。结论:慢性房颤患者 Kir2.1的mRNA表达水平增加及Kir3.4和Kv4.3 的mRNA表达水平减少可能分别是 IK1上调、IK,ACh和 Ito1下调的分子基础,而Kir3.4和Kv4.3 mRNA表达水平减少很可能是机体为拮抗AF电重构时有效不应期缩短的代偿机制之一。     

比索洛尔对心力衰竭兔心房肌细胞钾通道表达的影响

目的观察容量负荷联合压力超负荷心力衰竭兔左房心肌细胞K+通道表达的变化及比索洛尔的干预作用,以探讨心衰时房性心律失常发生的机制和比索洛尔抗心律失常的分子机制。方法实验分为3组,假手术组(SO,n=10)、心衰组(HF,n=15)和比索洛尔干预组(BF,n=14)。用容量负荷联合压力超负荷诱导形成心力衰竭兔模型;用心动超声、血清脑钠肽(BNP)、心体比评价心力衰竭模型;用real-time PCR法测定瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)、快激活延迟整流钾电流(IKr)、慢激活延迟整流钾电流(IKs)、内向整流钾电流(IK1)亚基的mRNA表达水平。结果①与假手术组相比,心衰组兔心动超声结果显示左房、左室增大,心脏收缩功能和舒张功能减低(P<0.01);血清BNP水平明显升高(P<0.01);心体比明显增大(P<0.01)。②与心力衰竭组相比,比索洛尔干预6周后明显改善心衰兔的心功能,使左房和左室缩小(P<0.05);BNP水平显著降低(P<0.01);心体比明显降低(P<0.01)。③心力衰竭时左房心肌细胞Kv4.3和Kv1.4(编码Ito的α亚基)mRNA分别下降了60%和30%,KvLQT1和minK(分别编码IKs的α和β亚基)的mRNA分别下降了32%%和29%,Kir2.1(编码IK1的α亚基)的mRNA分别下降了22%。④比索洛尔干预后Kv4.3和Kv1.4 mRNA表达比心衰组增加了20%和15%,KvLQT1和minK的mRNA表达比心衰组增加了20%和14%,Kir2.1的mRNA增加了11%。⑤三组间心房肌细胞ERG的表达没有差异。结论心力衰竭兔左房心肌Kv4.3、Kv1.4、KvLQT1、minK和Kir2.1的mRNA表达明显下降可能是心力衰竭房性心律失常发生的分子基础。比索洛尔干预后逆转心衰兔Kv4.3、Kv1.4、KvLQT1、minK和Kir2.1 mRNA表达的下调可能是其抗心律失常的分子机制。     

猪急性心肌梗死后钾通道Kv2.1、Kir2.1基因表达的变化

目的:研究猪急性心肌梗死后梗死边缘区钾通道Kv2.1、Kir2.1 mRNA表达的变化。方法:通过结扎猪左前降支中下段2 h后再灌注建立急性心肌梗死模型(MI),手术后存活猪进入MI组,同时设立相应的假手术组(SH),于24 h后取左心室梗死边缘区及假手术组相应部位,应用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应方法检测心外膜和心内膜心肌内向整流性钾电流亚单位(Kir2.1)、延迟整流性钾电流亚单位(Kv2.1)mRNA的表达量。结果:Kv2.1基因表达在SH组左心室心内膜和心外膜间没有差异,而Kir2.1基因表达在心内膜高于心外膜(P<0.05),MI组Kv2.1基因表达在心内膜和心外膜都显著下降(P<0.05),而且减少的程度一致,而Kir2.1基因表达只在心外膜层下降(P<0.05)。结论:局部离子通道mRNA表达的下调可能是急性心肌梗死后电生理异质性的一个决定因素,从而增加心肌梗死后电活动的不稳定性。     

Kv1.3钾通道调节人脐静脉内皮细胞 LOX-1受体摄取oxLDL

目的 观察Kv1.3钾通道在LOX-1摄取oxLDL中的作用,并探讨其机制。方法 分别以慢病毒载体shRNA-Kv1.3-LV3-pGLV-h1-GFP-puro和Kv1.3-LV5-EF1a-GFP-Puro转染人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs),以获得HUVECs细胞中下调和上调表达Kv1.3蛋白。利用全细胞膜片钳技术记录Kv1.3蛋白过表达和下调的HUVECs Kv1.3 I/V曲线。以oxLDL与HUVECs共孵育后,分别应用免疫比色法和Fluo-3/AM荧光标记法测定细胞内胆固醇和钙离子相对含量。经Western blot法测定Kv1.3、LOX-1、p38、p38磷酸化水平。结果 shRNA950转染组HUVECs Kv1.3 mRNA和蛋白表达量较空白对照组显著降低(P<0.05),过表达转染组Kv1.3 mRNA和蛋白表达量较空白对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。Kv1.3表达上调后, I/V曲线上移,该效应可被奎尼丁抑制;Kv1.3表达下调后,I/V曲线下移。Kv1.3过表达组胆固醇相对水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),shRNA950+oxLDL组胆固醇的相对含量低于oxLDL组(P<0.05)。Western blot法检测显示,Kv1.3过表达组的LOX-1蛋白表达量较对照组升高(P<0.05),Kv1.3敲低组的LOX-1蛋白水平较对照组减低(P<0.05);Kv1.3过表达组磷酸化p38与p38蛋白水平的比值高于对照组二者的比值(P<0.05),Kv1.3敲低组磷酸化p38与p38蛋白表达量的比值低于对照组两者的比值(P<0.05)。结论 Kv1.3钾通道经p38信号通路参与调节HUVECs LOX-1受体摄取oxLDL。该研究为阐明LOX-1结合oxLDL的电荷依赖性机制增添了新的实验依据。     

美托洛尔对心肌梗死后大鼠心肌钾通道Kv2.1表达的影响

目的:探讨美托洛尔对心肌梗死后大鼠心肌钾通道Kv2.1表达的影响。方法:通过结扎大鼠左前降支近端建立心肌梗死(MI)大鼠模型,手术后存活大鼠随机分入MI组(7d组,30d组)和美托洛尔组(7d组,30d组;美托洛尔8mg/kg/d,2次/d),同时设立相应假手术组。应用半定量RT-PCR方法检测左室心肌(心肌梗死者取非梗死区左室心肌)钾通道Kv2.1 mRNA。结果:7d时,与假手术组比较,MI组和美托洛尔组Kv2.1表达量均显著下降(P<0.05;P<0.01);与MI组比较,美托洛尔组Kv2.1的表达量显著降低(P<0.01)。30d时,与假手术组比较,MI组和美托洛尔组Kv2.1均显著下降(P<0.01,P<0.05);与MI组比较,美托洛尔组Kv2.1显著增高(P<0.05)。MI组:与7d时比较,30d时Kv2.1显著下降(P<0.05)。美托洛尔组:30d比7d时Kv2.1显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:美托洛尔对心肌梗死后钾通道Kv2.1的表达存在双相性影响,但早期下调的意义有待阐明。     

K~+v通道在缺氧性肺血管收缩中的作用

目的 探讨K+v通道在缺氧性肺血管收缩(HPV)中的作用.方法 Wistar大鼠40只随机分为两组:常氧对照组和低氧组,采用酶消化的方法获得单个肺动脉血管平滑肌细胞(PASMC),将分离细胞经a-actin免疫组化鉴定为PASMC.采用膜片钳技术记录PASMC静息膜电位(Em)和电压门控性钾通道电流(Ikv).细胞内灌流Kv1.2,Kv1.3,Kv1.5,Kv2.1,Kv9.3抗体混合液(1:125),探讨钾通道在HPV中的作用.结果 低氧组膜电位明显去极化,细胞内灌流Kv1.2,Kv1.3,Kv1.5,Kv2.1,Kv9.3抗体混合液可显著抑制常氧对照组PASMC的Ikv,使Em去极化,细胞内灌流Kv1.2,Kv1.3,Kv1.5,Kv2.1,Kv9.3抗体混合液对低氧组PASMC的Ikv和Em均无显著影响.结论 Kv1.2,Kv1.3,Kv1.5,Kv2.1,Kv9.3可能是氧敏感型通道,并可能介导了缺氧性肺血管收缩.     

人巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞分化中Kir2．1通道的表达

OBJECTIVE: Detected in non-transformed bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and identified as one of the key channels in modulating macrophage proliferation, activation and apoptosis, Kir2.1 channel is also characterized to play a crucial role in cell differentiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of Kir2.1 channel mRNA and protein during human monocyte-derived macrophage differentiation into foam cells. METHODS: Human peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from healthy male volunteers by density gradient centrifugation and then by adherence method. The macrophages identified as a homogeneous population of adherent cells were obtained after 5 days of culture. Expression of Kir2.1 channel during human macrophage differentiation into foam cells was investigated by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry, respectively. RESULTS: After incubation of the macrophages with 30 mg/L OxLDL at 37 degrees C for 60 h, the cells were obviously enlarged in size and numerous red lipid granules observed under optical microscope. The cellular contents of the total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC) and cholesterol ester (CE) were markedly increased from 54.79+/-28.304 mg/g, 47.968+/-26.787 mg/g and 6.822+/-3.437 mg/g to 229.775+/-57.453 mg/g, 96.241+/-24.003 mg/g and 133.535+/-36.292 mg/g, respectively; the CE/TC ratio rose from (14.437+/-6.781)% to (57.946+/-3.507)% (n=7, P<0.05), suggesting the phenotype of foam cells. However, there was no significant difference in the relative expression of Kir2.1 channel mRNA between the macrophages and foam cells [(59.074+/-10.566)% vs (46.98+/-12.527)%, n=5, P>0.05], nor was there significant difference in the relative expression of Kir2.1 channel protein between them [(60.527+/-18.621)% vs (50.243+/-11.583)%, n=6, P>0.05]. CONCLUSION: Incubation of human monocyte-derived macrophages with 30 mg/L OxLDL for 60 h induces the differentiation of the cells into foam cells, but the expression of Kir2.1 channel does not change obviously.     

Voltage-gated potassium channel Kvl.3 in rabbit ciliary epithelium regulates the membrane potential via coupling intracellular calcium

Background The cell layer of the ciliary epithelium is responsible for aqueous humor secretion and maintenance.Ion channels play an important role in these processes.The main aim of this study was to determine whether the well-characterized members of the Kvl family (Kv1.3) contribute to the Kv currents in ciliary epithelium.Methods New Zealand White rabbits were maintained in a 12 hours light/dark cycle.Ciliary epithelium samples were isolated from the rabbits.We used Western blotting and immunocytochemistry to identify the expression and location of a voltage-gated potassium channel Kvl.3 in ciliary body epithelium.Membrane potential change after adding of Kv1.3 inhibitor margatoxin (MgTX) was observed with a fluorescence method.Results Western blotting and immunocytochemical studies showed that the Kv1.3 protein expressed in pigment ciliary epithelium and nonpigment ciliary epithelium,however it seemed to express more in the apical membrane of the nonpigmented epithelial cells.One nmol/L margatoxin,a specific inhibitor of Kv1.3 channels caused depolarization of the cultured nonpigmented epithelium (NPE) membrane potential.The cytosotic calcium increased after NPE cell depolarization,this increase of cytosolic calcium was partially blocked by 12.5 μmol/L dantrolene and 10 μmol/L nifedipine.These observations suggest that Kv1.3 channels modulate ciliary epithelium potential and effect calcium dependent mechanisms.Conclusion Kv1.3 channels contribute to K+ efflux at the membrane of rabbit ciliary epithelium.     

Voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 in rabbit ciliary epithelium regulates the membrane potential via coupling intracellular calcium

Background The cell layer of the ciliary epithelium is responsible for aqueous humor secretion and maintenance. Ion channels play an important role in these processes. The main aim of this study was to determine whether the well-characterized members of the Kvl family （Kv1.3） contribute to the Kv currents in ciliary epithelium. Methods New Zealand White rabbits were maintained in a 12 hours light/dark cycle. Ciliary epithelium samples were isolated from the rabbits. We used Western blotting and immunocytochemistry to identify the expression and location of a voltage-gated potassium channel Kvl.3 in ciliary body epithelium. Membrane potential change after adding of Kvl.3 inhibitor margatoxin （MgTX） was observed with a fluorescence method. Results Western blotting and immunocytochemical studies showed that the Kv1.3 protein expressed in pigment ciliary epithelium and nonpigment ciliary epithelium, however it seemed to express more in the apical membrane of the nonpigmented epithelial cells. One nmol/L margatoxin, a specific inhibitor of Kv1.3 channels caused depolarization of the cultured nonpigmented epithelium （NPE） membrane potential. The cytosolic calcium increased after NPE cell depolarization, this increase of cytosolic calcium was partially blocked by 12.5 μmol/L dantrolene and 10 μmol/L nifedipine. These observations suggest that Kv1.3 channels modulate ciliary epithelium potential and effect calcium dependent mechanisms. Conclusion Kv1.3 channels contribute to K＋ efflux at the membrane of rabbit ciliary epithelium.     

人巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞分化中MaxiK通道α-亚单位的表达

目的研究人单核细胞源性巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞分化过程中MaxiK通道α-亚单位的表达.方法采用密度梯度离心法从男性健康志愿者外周血中分离单核细胞,经培养后分化为巨噬细胞,并通过加氧化型低密度脂蛋白(OxLDL),建立人巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞模型,采用RT-PCR、蛋白质印迹及免疫细胞化学方法研究MaxiK 通道α-亚单位的表达.结果巨噬细胞同30 mg/L OxLDL孵育60 h后,细胞内总胆固醇(TC),游离胆固醇(FC)及胆固醇酯(CE)显著增加,并且CE/TC从(14.437±6.781)%提高到(57.946±3.507)%.同时,MaxiK通道α-亚单位表达被下调,但同巨噬细胞相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论人单核细胞源性巨噬细胞同30 mg/L OxLDL孵育60 h后可分化为泡沫细胞,但MaxiK 通道α-亚单位的表达无明显改变.