188Re灌注球囊照射预防兔血管再狭窄

目的观察188Re灌注球囊血管内照射对兔血管损伤后再狭窄的预防作用.方法应用球囊过度扩张损伤兔双侧髂动脉,随机选择一侧髂动脉进行188Re灌注球囊血管内局部照射,对受照射血管进行血管造影、组织病理学检查及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)染色分析.结果与非照射组血管比较,照射组血管直径较大[(1.94±0.19) vs (1.77±0.28) mm,P<0.05],新生内膜面积减少[(1.12±0.75) vs (2.17±1.21) mm2,P<0.01],狭窄面积百分比降低[(19.23±12.60)% vs (34.45±17.49)%,P<0.01],PCNA阳性率低[(3.75±2.09)% vs (5.64±1.74)%,P<0.05].0.5 mm深处组织吸收剂量为15 Gy.结论 188Re灌注球囊血管内照射能够抑制兔损伤血管再狭窄.     

κB抑制蛋白基因对血管内支架植入术后内膜增生抑制作用的实验研究

目的　观察血管内局部转移腺病毒携带的IκBα基因对兔髂动脉内支架植入术后内膜增生的抑制作用。方法　 12只杂种新西兰大白兔 ,2 4支髂动脉 ,随机 (计算机 )分为转基因组、磷酸盐缓冲液 (PBS)对照组和空白对照组 (各组均为 8支髂动脉 )。转基因组髂动脉于支架植入术后 ,经多隧道球囊导管输送腺病毒携带的IκBα基因行局部转基因治疗 ;PBS对照组于髂动脉支架植入术后 ,局部注射PBS ;空白对照组则仅行髂动脉内支架植入术。分别于术后 1周和 4周 6只兔重复髂动脉造影 ,之后再处死动物 ,取支架植入处动脉作病理检查 ,分近、中、远 3段 ,测量新生内膜截面积等。结果术后 1周和 4周造影显示各组的管腔内径间差异均无显著性意义 (F =0 .0 5 ,2 .71;P >0 0 5 ) ,但术后4周 ,各组新生内膜截面积分别为 (2 2 8± 0 14 )mm2 ,(3 2 6± 0 2 5 )mm2 ,(2 80± 0 2 0 )mm2 ,转基因组明显小于对照组 (F =5 .0 7,P <0 0 5 )。结论　血管内局部转移腺病毒携带的IκBα基因可以抑制兔髂动脉内支架植入术后的内膜增生 ,从而可能降低支架植入术后再狭窄的发生率     

新型32P支架产生"边缘效应"的探讨

目的 观察一种新型~(32)P支架是否形成“边缘效应”。方法 32只不锈钢支架,其中16只经Ni-P复合镀法使其载带放射性~(32)P,平均活度为(13.69±5.55)kBq,另外16只以同法镀无放射性的~(31)P作为对照,将2种支架配对并随机安排,分别置入16只新西兰大白兔(A组8只,直接置入支架;B组8只,球囊损伤血管内皮后再置入支架)的两侧髂动脉中。术后30 d,通过血管造影和组织图像分析,评价支架边缘部位的管腔变化及血管内膜的增生程度。结果 A组~(32)P支架和对照支架边缘部位的血管造影、组织图像分析结果差异均无显著性(P均>0.05)。B组~(32)P支架边缘部位的血管内径、管腔面积明显小于对照支架,而血管狭窄程度、内膜面积则大于对照支架(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 放射性支架“边缘效应”的形成是血管损伤和支架边缘活度显著降低共同作用的结果。     

103Pd支架预防兔髂动脉支架后再狭窄的实验研究

目的 探讨^103Pd支架置入对兔髂动脉支架后再狭窄的预防作用。方法 20只新西兰大白兔按支架放射性活度分为6组[2．22(n=3)，5．55(n=4)，9．25(n=4)，14．8(n=3)。22．2(n=3)，33．3MBq(n=3)]，于每只动物一侧髂动脉内置入不同活度的^103Pd支架，对侧髂动脉内置入非放射性支架作对照。高脂饲养28d后进行髂动脉血管造影和定量组织病理学分析，观察治疗效果。结果 组织病理学定量分析示不同剂量^103Pd支架组新生内膜面积和狭窄百分比均明显低于对照组，但其效应不呈明显剂量依赖性。结论 ^103Pd支架能明显抑制支架置入后兔髂动脉新生内膜增生和支架后再狭窄的发生。     

放射性NiTi合金血管内支架防治再狭窄的动物实验

目的　用慢中子直接轰击NiTi合金支架 ,使其获得低放射活性 (2 .3μCi) ,将其置入正常兔腹主动脉 ,研究其对再狭窄的防治作用及其对邻近脏器和骨髓造血的影响。方法　将 4 4只兔随机分为放射性及非放射性组 ,分别于支架置入后 2周、1个月和 3个月处死动物 ,大体及血管造影观察支架处血管情况 ,组织学及透射电镜观察新生内膜的厚度和成分 ,扫描电镜观察新生内膜内皮化免疫组化测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA) ,TUNEL法 (3’末端标记法 )测细胞凋亡 ,生化法测肝功、肾功 ,骨穿涂片观察骨髓象。结果　①所有动物支架处血管均无明显狭窄 ;②新生内膜厚度在放射性支架 2周、1个月及 3个月分别为 (4 16 .6±95 .1) μm、(36 6 .6± 90 .1) μm、(2 0 5 .7± 71.3) μm ,均明显低于非放射性支架 (5 2 3.4± 81.4 ) μm、(4 39.3±6 9 .2 ) μm、(30 1.7± 10 1.1) μm ;放射性组 2周时新生内膜成分主要为纤维组织、红细胞、SMCs ,偶有炎细胞浸润 ,放射性组SMCs在 1个月和 3个月时明显少于非放射组 ;③PCNA在放射性支架 2周、1个月及 3个月分别为 4 .33%± 1.6 2 %、3.86 %± 1.11%、0 .2 9%± 0 .2 0 %均明显低于非放射性支架 6 .0 6 %± 1.14 %、5 .2 6 %± 1.31%、3.2 6 %± 1.0 4 % ;④放射性支架组SMCs凋亡在 2周和     

188 Re液体血管内照射防治血管内膜损伤后再狭窄的实验研究

目的　研究1 88Re液体充盈球囊导管对兔血管再狭窄模型用不同剂量内照射后对增生内膜不同的剂量效应。方法　 16只新西兰白兔分成 2组 ,一侧下肢髂动脉行内膜剥脱术后 ,通过直径 2 5mm液体1 88Re充盈球囊导管分别给以 0、8和 15Gy剂量的血管内照射治疗。其中 8只兔的另一侧髂动脉仅行内膜剥脱术作为对照。 4周后处死动物 ,取出血管。组织经HE染色、VanGieson胶原染色、α 肌动蛋白免疫组化染色 ,通过图像分析系统分析 ,测定狭窄指数和增殖指数。结果　对照组、8和 15Gy组的狭窄指数分别为 0 49± 0 0 6、0 65± 0 0 5和 0 82± 0 0 5 ,增殖指数分别为 0 5 4±0 0 9、0 48± 0 0 6和 0 3 3± 0 0 4。 15Gy组增生的内膜明显下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而 8Gy组与对照组比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。免疫组化显示增生的内膜主要是平滑肌细胞 (SMCs)。结论　在兔血管再狭窄模型中 ,用1 88Re液体充盈球囊导管内照射治疗 ,当接近血管内表面的吸收剂量达到 15Gy时能安全有效地抑制内膜平滑肌的增生     

精氨酸加压素和血管紧张素Ⅱ在颅脑损伤早期变化的临床研究

目的研究急性中、重型颅脑损伤血浆中精氨酸加压素(AVP)和血管紧张素Ⅱ(AT-Ⅱ)早期含量的变化及临床意义。方法用放射免疫法(RIA)对47例急性中、重型颅脑损伤患者(GCS≤8分22例,GCS>8分25例)、30例非颅脑损伤患者和30例健康人的血浆中AVP和AT-Ⅱ含量进行早期检测和分析。结果47例急性中、重型颅脑损伤早期患者血浆中AVP(50.23±15.31)ng/L和AT-Ⅱ(248.18±82.47)ng/L,显著高于非颅脑损伤组[(30.91±11.48)和(120.67±42.49)ng/L,P<0.01];并显著高于健康人组[(5.16±4.23)和(43.11±16.39)ng/L,P<0.001];重型颅脑损伤组AVP(58.90±18.12)ng/L和AT-Ⅱ(292.13±101.17)ng/L均明显高于中型颅脑损伤组[(36.68±12.16)和(201.42±66.10)ng/L,P<0.01],并与GCS评分负相关;硬膜外血肿组AVP(45.98±13.48)ng/L和AT-Ⅱ(263.28±80.23)ng/L均明显低于硬膜下血肿脑损伤组[(64.12±15.56)和(319.82±108.11)ng/L,P<0.01]。结论AVP和AT-Ⅱ可能参与继发性颅脑损伤的病理生理过程,病情越严重,早期血浆中AVP和AT-Ⅱ含量越高。早期血浆中AVP和AT-Ⅱ水平可作为观察急性颅脑损伤严重程度的指标。     

断指再植术后早期99Tcm-RBC显像的临床价值

目的探讨断指再植术后早期(<48h)动态99Tcm-RBC血池显像(BPI)的临床价值.方法 30例断指再植患者于术后48 h内进行5次BPI,计算并对比分析再植指和正常指的放射性比值(T/NT),根据再植指放射性聚集程度将显像结果分为0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ级.结果再植指通过4次高压氧(HBO)治疗后的T/NT(0.624±0.310)明显高于治疗前(0.413±0.274,t=2.79,P<0.01),4次治疗后的T/NT变化情况可作为终止HBO治疗的指征;治疗前显像为0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ级的T/NT分别为0.149±0.063、0.463±0.050、0.840±0.202(t=11.87、 9.30、5.77,P<0.01),血管危象发生率分别为100%、20%、0(χ2分别为28.8、20.0,P<0.01);48 h时显像为0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ级表现的再植指需再次手术和(或)坏死发生率分别为100%、8.3%、0(χ2分别为11.7、18.0,P<0.01).结论 BPI对断指再植术后早期动态监测疗效、预测血管危象发生和预后及进一步选择治疗方案均有重要的临床价值.     

放射性核素支架预防血管再狭窄的基础及动物实验研究

目的　探讨放射性核素对培养平滑肌细胞增殖及凋亡的作用及其机制 ,观察放射性核素支架预防再狭窄的可行性及有效性。方法　将培养平滑肌细胞分为188Re照射组与非照射组 ,应用细胞及分子生物学技术 ,研究了放射性核素188Re对离体平滑肌细胞增殖、凋亡、次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶 (HPRT)基因突变的作用 ;将兔损伤髂动脉内随机放置放射性支架与非放射性支架 ,观察了放射性核素支架对动物血管再狭窄模型的预防作用。结果　与非照射组比较 ,188Reβ辐射 (放射比活度为 0 74、1 4 8、2 2 2、2 96、3 70GBq/L)能够明显抑制平滑肌细胞的增殖 ,抑制细胞增殖率 (1 4 8～3 70GBg/L) [(10 0 0 %vs 34 1% ,t =2 5 0 0 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,(10 0 0 %vs 2 7 7% ,t=2 74 4 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,(10 0 0 %vs 2 1 8% ,t=2 972 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,(10 0 0 %vs 18 1% ,t=3 12 1,P <0 0 5 ) ],阻滞细胞进入DNA合成期 { [(43 5 6± 2 32 ) %vs (2 3 80± 2 5 7) % ,t =11 4 16 ,P <0 0 0 1],[(43 5 6± 2 32 ) %vs(11 82± 2 5 1) % ,t =18 5 6 6 ,P <0 0 0 1],[(43 5 6± 2 32 ) %vs (6 0 4± 1 2 0 ) % ,t =2 8 734,P <0 0 0 1],[(43 5 6± 2 32 ) %vs (3 30± 0 5 2 ) % ,t=33 892 ,P <0 0 0 1],[(43 5 6± 2     

曲尼司特对兔髂动脉损伤后内膜增殖及血管重构的影响

目的　探讨曲尼司持对兔髂动脉球囊损伤后内膜增殖及血管重构的影响。方法　 2 4只新西兰大白兔随机分为假手术组、对照组和用药组。用球囊导管对用药组和对照组兔行髂动脉损伤。用药组于术前 3d开始用曲尼司特 (每天 30 0mg/kg) ,术后 2 8d取病变血管苏木精 伊红和弹力纤维染色并免疫组化检查 ,以计算机图像分析血管内膜、中膜厚度、管腔面积、平均动脉面积 (外弹力膜内横截面积 ,EEL)的变化 ,计算增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)增殖指数 (PI)。结果　曲尼司特显著减少内膜厚度 ,增加血管腔面积和平均动脉面积 ,对中膜厚度无明显影响。曲尼司特使内膜PCNA阳性细胞百分比降低。结论　曲尼司特能抑制兔髂动脉球囊损伤后内膜增殖 ,促进代偿性血管扩张。其抑制内膜增生可能与抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖有关     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.