低位早期直肠癌经肛切除术的疗效评价

目的评价低位早期直肠癌经肛切除术的疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2000年3月至2003年3月间21例直肠癌行经肛切除术的临床资料。结果本组21例均行经肛门切除术,手术均获得成功,无并发症;术后所有病例均接受放疗;5年生存率为90．5％,无复发病人。结论经肛切除术是目前早期低位直肠癌局部切除的理想选择。     

腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术临床疗效的对比研究

目的 比较腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术的远期和近期临床疗效.方法 2004年6月至2009年8月由同一手术组完成腹腔镜直肠癌根治术312例及开腹直肠癌根治术226例,分析比较两组患者的远期生存率、手术情况、术后恢复情况及术后并发症.采用Life table分析法对资料进行生存分析,Gehan法对生存曲线进行显著性检验.结果 两组患者在年龄、性别、肿瘤分期和肿瘤病理分型等方面无明显差异.术后3、5年生存率腹腔镜组分别是84.5％和66.7％;开腹组分别是83.3％和64.8％,两组患者术后生存率经Life table生存分析无明显差异.腹腔镜组和开腹组的出血量分别为61 ±13ml和174±84 ml(t =23.24,P＜0.05)、术后排气时间分别为2.7±1.3d和3.6±1.8 d(t =6.61,P＜0.05)、术后住院日分别为9.1±2.4d和12.0±3.4 d(t =11.8,P＜0.05).腹腔镜组与开腹组淋巴结清扫数分别为11.0±2.7枚和12.0±3.6枚(t=1.72,P＞0.05),直肠标本长度分别为16.0±3.4cm和16.0±4.3 cm(t =0,P＞0.05),直肠肿瘤远端切缘分别为3.2±1.3cm和3.2±1.7 cm(t =0,P＞0.05),开腹组术后切口感染28例,腹腔镜组8例(P＜0.05),两组患者术后其他并发症发生率无统计学差异.结论 腹腔镜直肠癌根治术远期疗效与开腹手术相似,且具有创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症少等优势.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术临床评价

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的可行性。方法 对比研究腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌24例与同期开腹手术20例。结果 两组手术时间、术后并发症差异无显性，腹腔镜组出血量少，康复快，住院时间短，但不包括中转手术病例。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌手术能体现其微创优点，但应降低并发症及手术中转率。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床效果。方法:回顾分析2011年3月至10月为26例结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床资料,并总结手术方式及随访结果。结果:手术时间105～315 min,平均185 min;术中出血量100～320 ml,平均175 ml;术后胃肠功能恢复时间1～4 d,平均1.8 d;标本切缘均阴性,清扫淋巴结总数10～22枚,平均15枚。术后未发生腹腔出血、吻合口漏及狭窄等并发症;术后住院7～10 d,平均8 d。随访3～10个月,平均8个月,均无转移、复发及切口种植。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术安全可行,具有微创、安全、术后康复快、肿瘤根治彻底等优点,在肿瘤根治性、手术时间、近期疗效等方面与传统开腹手术相当,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术临床评价

目的　探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的可行性。方法　对比研究腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌 2 4例与同期开腹手术 2 0例。结果　两组手术时间、术后并发症差异无显著性 ,腹腔镜组出血量少 ,康复快 ,住院时间短 ,但不包括中转手术病例。结论　腹腔镜结直肠癌手术能体现其微创优点 ,但应降低并发症及手术中转率     

98例低位直肠癌保留肛门手术治疗体会

目的观察低位直肠癌保肛手术的效果。方法回顾性总结98例低位直肠癌实施保肛手术的疗效。98例中,肿瘤下缘位于肛缘上4.5-8.0 cm。Dukes A期8例,B期54例,C期36例。肿瘤占据肠腔1/4-3/4,均无远处转移。98例采用Dixon手术,术中使用双吻合器26例,单吻合器72例。结果所有病例未发生骶前大出血,术后发生局限性吻合口瘘1例,经保守治疗后愈合。1年内无复发,2年内复发3例（Dukes C期）,3年内复发12例,其中局部复发3例,其余均为远处转移。结论低位直肠癌采用保肛手术是可行的,但应严格掌握手术适应证。     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术346例回顾性分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的可行性和手术安全性.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2006年6月收治的直肠癌346例.其中282例(81.5%)肿瘤肛缘12cm以内.TNM分期为:0期3.8%;I期21.7%.:II期28.3%;Ⅲ期35.5%;N期10.7%.直肠癌原发灶T3/T4为230例(66.5%).所有患者未做术前放化疗,在术后均常规进行化疗.结果 本组患者80.3%保留了肛门括约肌,平均手术时间为223 min,中转开腹率为3.1%,总死亡率为24.7%.吻合口瘘发生率为2.0%,手术死亡率为0.平均摘除淋巴结数为15枚.平均远端无瘤切缘为2.8cm,周围切缘阳性患者18例(占5.2%).平均随访24个月,I～Ⅲ期患者的局部复发率为2.3%,转移率为12.4%.未发生切口种植转移.术后无一例患者出现排尿功能障碍.结论 本组病例证明了腹腔镜直肠癌根治性切除术的肿瘤学安全性和该手术的可行性以及手术的安全性,为临床体供了重要参数.     

双吻合器低位直肠癌保肛手术98例

我院1996年3月-2002年3月应用全直肠系膜切除结合双吻合器技术行低位直肠癌保肛手术（Dixon）98例，效果满意，报告如下。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术手术技术的探讨

目的:探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的手术技术,包括手术的整体配合、手术路径等.方法:回顾分析为60例结直肠癌患者施行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的全过程.结果:60例均顺利完成腹腔镜手术,无一例中转开腹.其中直肠癌根治术35例,包括Miles术式5例,直肠癌晚期姑息性乙状结肠造瘘2例,直肠腺瘤局部肠管切除1例,结肠癌根治术20例,...     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术20例体会

<正>腹腔镜结直肠手术相对于腹腔镜胆囊切除术发展滞后。原因主要有结直肠手术分离范围涉及腹腔和盆腔的各象限,淋巴结清扫技术要求高[1]。1991年腹腔镜被用于结直肠外科[2],并以出血少、对胃肠干扰轻、术后疼痛轻、康复快等优点逐渐被广大医师和患者所接受。2008～2010年我院应用     

A retrospective study on the management of rectal bleeding

This paper reports on a retrospective study of 70 patients who were admitted to the Royal Adelaide Hospital with rectal bleeding. The study demonstrates several points; first, that there are two distinct groups of patients. The majority of patients had minor bleeds that ceased spontaneously. The remaining group of patients (12%) had what could be described as massive rectal bleeds. There was also noted to be a significant number of patients (21%) who were discharged with no final diagnosis. The utilization of investigations such as angiography and nuclear medicine scans was minimal. The paper concludes that there is a need to establish a protocol for the management of rectal bleeding and, if diagnostic yield is to be satisfactory, energetic attempts must be made to commence investigations at presentation, as soon as resuscitative measures are in progress.     

Laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse: A retrospective study evaluating outcomes in North Indian population

AIM: To analyze the outcomes of laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy in the management of complete rectal prolapse(CRP) in North Indian patients with inherent bulky and redundant colon. METHODS: The study was conducted at a tertiary health care center of North India. Between January 2010 and October 2014, 15 patients who underwent laparoscopic ventral mesh repair for CRP, were evaluated in the present study. Perioperative outcomes, improvement in bowel dysfunction or appearance of new complications were documented from the hospital records maintained prospectively. RESULTS: Fifteen patients(9 female) with a median age of 50 years(range, 15-68) were included in the study. The median operative time was 200 min(range, 180-350 min) and the median post-operative stay was 4 d(range, 3-21 d). No operative mortality occurred. One patient with inadvertent small bowel injury required laparotomy on post-operative day 2. At a median follow-up of 22 mo(range, 4-54 mo), no prolapse recurrence was reported. No mesh-related complication was encountered. Wexner constipation score improved significantly from the preoperative value of 17(range, 5-24) to 6(range, 0-23)(P < 0.001) and the fecal incontinence severity index score from 24(range, 0-53)to 2(range, 0-53)(P = 0.007). No de novo constipation or fecal incontinence was recorded during the followup. On personal conversation, all patients expressed satisfaction with the outcome of their treatment. CONCLUSION: Our experience indicates that laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy is an effective surgical option for CRP in North Indian patients having a bulky redundant colon.     

Laparoscopic rectopexy for full-thickness rectal prolapse: a single-institution retrospective study evaluating surgical outcome

Background The laparoscopic approach promises to become the gold standard for the transabdominal management of full-thickness rectal prolapse. The aim of this study was to review our experience and to highlight the functional results achieved with this new technique.Methods Forty-eight patients with full-thickness external prolapse underwent laparoscopic repair between February 1997 and February 2003. All patients underwent preoperative evaluation of their rectal function. Patients with isolated rectal ulcer without prolapse or with internal prolapse and patients deemed by the anesthesiologist to be unfit for general anesthesia were excluded from the study. The laparoscopic technique was either a mesh rectopexy without resection (n = 35) or a suture rectopexy with sigmoid resection (n = 13). Patients with intractable constipation preceding the development of the rectal prolapse were advised to have a resection–rectopexy. In the postoperative follow-up, attention was paid to mortality, morbidity, recurrent prolapse, incontinence, and constipation. Follow-up was done by clinical review and postal questionnaire.Results There were no deaths and no septic or anastomotic complications. The postoperative morbidity rate was 5%. Oral intake was started on postoperative day 1. Discharge from the hospital was on postoperative day 4 in patients without sigmoid resection and on postoperative day 7 in patients with sigmoid resection. Two patients (4%) developed recurrent total prolapse during a median follow-up period of 36 ± 15 months (range, 7–77). The functional results were good or excellent in 72% of the cases, without digitations or dyschesia. Continence was improved in 31% of the patients and remains unchanged in 64% of them. In 11 patients (23%), constipation was worsened by the procedure.Conclusion Laparoscopic rectopexy with or without resection is both safe and effective. Advantages include low-morbidity, improved cosmesis, the rapid return of intestinal function, early discharge from hospital, and a low recurrence rate. The fecal continence score is improved; however, constipation is frequently worsened.This work is dedicated to the memory of Gerard Trebuchet, a highly influential French surgeon remembered for his implementation of several techniques for laparoscopic colon resection. Gerard Trebuchet died in Rennes, Frence, on 1 September 2003, at the age of 59 years.     

低位直肠癌手术方式的选择

<正>低位直肠癌是指距离肛缘8cm的直肠癌,其中包括超低位直肠癌,即距离肛缘5cm以下的直肠癌。直肠癌治疗的最终目标是最大地局部控制肿瘤和提高病人总体长期生存率。从此基本点出发,     

64排螺旋CT术前评估对直肠癌手术方案选择的价值

目的 探讨直肠癌术前应用64排螺旋CT评估对于直肠癌手术方案选择的价值.方法 对纳入病理确诊为直肠癌的51例患者术前行多层螺旋CT(multi-slice computer tomography,MSCT)检查,记录术前MSCT分期和预计手术方案,与术后病理分期和实际手术方案进行比较,诊断一致性试验采用Kappa值检验,相关性检验采用等级Spearman相关.结果 MSCT术前评估得到CT-TNM分期准确度为74.5%,与病理TNM分期高度一致(Kappa值=0.658,P=0.000).单因素分析显示,肿瘤下缘距齿状线的距离(F=3.386,P=0.042)和肿瘤厚度(F=4.542,P=0.016)为影响直肠癌手术方案选择的因素.Spearman相关检验显示,CT-M分期(cc=0.369,P=0.008)、CT-TNM(cc=0.365,P=0.008)分期和肿瘤厚度(cc=0.319,P=0.023)与手术方案具有高度的相关性.分析MSCT术前评估结果与手术方案的关系,当同时满足CT-M1期和肿瘤厚度≥20 mm时,行姑息性造瘘的可能性为75%;而当MSCT提示CT-T期<4cm,同时肿瘤下缘距肛缘≥7cm时,能成功实施保肛手术的可能性为86%.结论 运用MSCT对直肠癌患者行术前评估,可以得到肿瘤厚度、CT-M分期和CT-T分期3个影响手术方案选择的客观指标,为临床医师预测直肠癌手术方案提供依据.     

术前直肠超声检查在直肠癌手术方案选择中应用的评价

目的 探讨经直肠超声(transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)术前评估对直肠癌手术方案选择的影响.方法 采用随机对照试验比较采用TRUS术前分期(A组)与采用Clinical Stage System(CS分期)行术前评估(B组)对手术方案选择影响的差别,并比较TRUS术前分期和CS分期对应术后病理学分期的差别.结果 本研究纳入研究病例99例,A组49例,B组50例,两组基线差异无统计学意义.A组行TRUS术前评估得到uT分期准确度为91.8%,B组行CS分期的准确度为48.0%,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).A组术前预测手术方案的准确度为93.9%,B组为76.0%,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 TRUS行直肠癌术前分期的准确性明显高于CS分期,运用TRUS进行术前评估可以使术前预估直肠癌手术方案的准确性明显提高.TRUS在直肠癌术前评估中具有较高的临床应用价值.     

99mTc右旋糖酐的直肠淋巴引流显像及临床应用

目的 探索正常人经肛门镜直肠粘膜下核素注射后,淋巴显像时间,正常淋巴引流图谱及直肠癌患者术前淋巴结转移的评估方法。方法 １ｍｌ＾９９ｍＴｃ右旋糖酐作为巴显像剂,对３７例正常人及１６例直肠癌患者经肛门镜直肠粘膜下注射,分别于注射后１,２,３小时采用ＴＯＳＨＩＢＡＧＣＡ９０１Ａ型ＳＰＥＣ机显像,获得正常人及直肠癌患者的核素淋巴引流闪烁图谱。结果 在正常人直肠淋巴引流显像中均显示向头侧的淋巴引流链,３小     

19例直肠类癌临床资料回顾性研究

目的探讨直肠类癌的临床特点及诊治方案。方法对2008年6月至2012年8月期间我院收治的19例直肠类癌患者的病历资料进行回顾性研究。结果4例表现出排便习惯改变或便血症状,1例无症状者体检时发现直肠硬结,14例因其它肛肠疾病就诊时通过直肠指诊或乙状结肠镜检查偶然发现直肠肿物;19例类癌均〈1．0cm,直肠腔内超声检查见肿物局限于黏膜下层,均经肛门或内镜下局部切除,术后随访未见复发。结论部分直肠类癌无明显症状,直肠指诊和乙状结肠镜检查是发现直肠类癌的重要方法,直肠腔内超声检查可作为直肠类癌鉴别诊断及术前评估的主要手段,对于直径〈1．0cm的直肠类癌,经内镜或经肛门局部切除是安全有效的。