前牙美学区早期种植联合GBR术后骨量变化的影像学研究

目的利用影像学手段探讨前牙美学区早期种植联合GBR术后16~24周骨量变化。方法 收集 2016年12月至2017年12月就诊的21例(29颗缺失牙)上前牙缺失患者,行软组织愈合的早期种植,植入Straumann骨水平种植体29枚,分别于术后即刻、术后16~24周拍摄锥形束CT(cone beam computed tomography, CBCT),利用CS 3DImagine数字化软件,对种植体平台下方3mm,6mm,9mm唇侧骨板厚度进行测量并对数据进行统计学分析。结果 种植体平台下3mm组术后即刻、术后16~24周唇侧骨厚度分别为(2.97±0.62)mm,(2.49±0.61)mm。种植体平台下6mm组术后即刻、术后16~24周唇侧骨厚度分别为(3.12±0.56)mm,(2.86±0.62)mm。种植体平台下9mm组术后即刻、术后16~24周唇侧骨厚度分别为(2.38±0.56)mm,(2.11±0.54)mm,各位点术后即刻与术后16~24周唇侧骨厚度均有统计学差异( P <0.05)。术后即刻、术后16~24周唇侧骨体积分别为(131.15±27.36)mm 3、(100.57±32.80)mm 3,二者有统计学差异( P <0.05)。唇侧骨体积变化量(30.57±22.89)mm 3,唇侧骨体积变化率(23.08±16.50)%。结论 前牙美学区早期种植联合GBR术后短期内可以达到较好且可靠的效果。     

CGF与Bio-Oss骨颗粒联合使用在即刻种植中的应用

目的:探讨浓缩生长因子(CGF)联合Bio-Oss骨颗粒在即刻种植修复骨缺损重建治疗中的应用效果。方法:选取在本院行种植修复患者40例,根据治疗方法的不同分为两组：A组(20例)植入Bio-Oss骨粉,覆盖Bio-Guide生物膜,B组(20例)植入CGF与Bio-Oss骨粉的混合物,盖Bio-Guide生物膜。对比两组种植体边缘骨水平(MBL)吸收量、美学效果、种植体稳定性、伤口愈合情况、术后疼痛等。结果:与A组相比,B组术后6个月颊腭侧、近远位点MBL吸收量均更低(P<0.05)。两组术后6个月PES评分比较差异明显,B组近远中龈乳头、唇侧牙龈线、软组织颜色、轮廓、质地及牙槽突外形评分及PES总分均比A组高(P<0.05)。B组伤口愈合时间短于A组,伤口Ⅰ期愈合占比高于A组(P<0.05)。两组术后即刻ISQ值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);负载6个月ISQ值均高于术后即刻,B组负载6个月ISQ值较A组高(P<0.05)。两组术后1 d、7 d的VAS评分接近(P>0.05);B组术后3 d的VAS评分较A组更低(P<0.05)。A...     

引导骨组织再生技术在牙种植修复中的临床应用研究

目的 评价引导骨再生技术在牙种植中引导骨再生修复的方法和效果。方法 对80例牙槽骨骨缺损的患者采用植Bio-Oss小牛骨粉，盖Bib-Gide膜或钛膜，进行引导骨再生，修复骨缺损并行骨内种植体周的骨增量。结果 80例患者共植入90枚种植体，38例采用钛膜，42例采用Bio-Gide胶原膜；术后部份患者伤口裂开、膜暴露；Bio-Gide膜与钛膜的伤口裂开发生率分别为7．1％与21．1％。二期手术时观察膜下骨再生情况，无感染患者膜下的新骨生成较膜暴露者多，Bio-Gide胶原膜暴露后自行愈合情况较使用钛膜者理想。88枚种植体成功地完成骨整合并成功完成义齿修复，2枚种植体因钛膜暴露及感染失败。结论 Bio-Gide胶原膜及钛膜皆能有效地屏蔽软组织，引导骨再生，重建牙槽骨外形；术后无伤口裂开、膜暴露者有较好的骨再生效果；与钛膜相比，Bio-Gide胶原膜更为简便易用，出现过早裂开的比率也较少。     

自体骨柱用于前牙美学区早期种植临床效果研究

目的 研究自体骨柱用于前牙美学区早期种植的临床效果。方法 选取2018年1月至2020年1月于大连市口腔医院种植科就诊的单侧上颌前牙缺失伴水平骨量不足,需行引导骨再生术(guided bone regeneration,GBR)的单颗牙种植修复治疗患者55例。将患者分为对照组(14例)、自体骨柱组(24例)及自体骨屑组(17例),在早期种植同期分别采用Bio-Oss^?骨粉、自体骨柱结合Bio-Oss^?骨粉、自体骨屑结合Bio-Oss^?骨粉行GBR。记录3组患者种植体存留率及并发症;分别于GBR当天及GBR后第15个月测量种植体颈部肩台至唇侧骨壁的宽度、种植体表面1/2处至唇侧骨壁宽度、种植体唇侧颈部(肩台)边缘至唇侧牙槽骨顶点(唇侧骨壁冠方最高点)的高度,并计算唇侧骨壁吸收量;测量3组患者GBR后当天骨增量体积及GBR后第15个月骨吸收量体积;于GBR后第15个月测量植骨区域近远中邻牙的牙髓活力;于永久修复后当天(骨愈合后第6个月)及GBR后第15个月评估3组患者粉白美学指数。结果 3组患者种植体均正常行使功能,存留率为...     

PRF联合钛网在前牙美学区牙种植中应用的临床研究

［摘要］ 目的将 PRF联合钛网应用于前牙美学区牙种植和GBR术中,研究探讨其可行性和优势。方法 选择前牙美学区单个牙种植需行同期GBR的患者（共13颗牙齿）,随机分为2组,一组（对照组,6例牙齿）施行牙种植+单纯植骨+钛网覆盖术,另一组（PRF组,7例牙齿）施行牙种植+骨粉PRF混合后植骨+钛网PRF膜双层覆盖术;术后14 d评价伤口红肿和伤口愈合情况,术后4个半月行二期手术时切取部分新生骨行组织学观察。 结果 术后14 d,PRF组所有病例伤口基本无红肿,拆线后软组织伤口愈合良好;对照组有1例伤口无红肿,愈合良好,3例伤口红肿,拆线后伤口无裂开,2例伤口裂开,钛网暴露。组织学观察显示PRF组新生骨为较为成熟的板层骨,血管形成较为丰富,对照组新生骨骨小梁较为稀疏,结缔组织含量较多。 结论 PRF联合钛网应用于前牙美学区种植GBR术中,可以减轻术后反应,促进软组织伤口愈合,加快新骨形成速度,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

种植体初始生物学宽度对边缘骨水平的影响

目的 探索种植体初始生物学宽度对边缘骨水平(marginal bone level,MBL)的影响.方法 选择后牙区接受Strau-mann骨水平种植固定修复的80例患者.测量种植体4个时间点(术前、术后即刻、二期、回访)的影像学数据.将术后即刻种植体肩台冠方的软硬组织空间定义为初始生物学宽度(initial biologic width,IBW):数值为齐骨种植时的黏膜厚度,或骨下种植时黏膜厚度和种植深度的总和.IBW以3.5 mm分组,比较种植体回访的MBL.结果 1～5年回访,127枚植体近远中共254个位点.IBW≥3.5 mm组,呈现更理想MBL(0.40 mm vs.0.00 mm,P<0.05),MBL有更高概率稳定于种植体肩台或以上水平(95.6％vs.87.2％,P<0.05).结论 黏膜厚度和种植深度共同影响种植体MBL.对于Straumann骨水平系统,IBW≥3.5 mm,远期回访MBL更可能稳定于种植体肩台或以上水平.     

种植体初始生物学宽度对边缘骨水平的影响

目的 探索种植体初始生物学宽度对边缘骨水平(marginal bone level,MBL)的影响.方法 选择后牙区接受Strau-mann骨水平种植固定修复的80例患者.测量种植体4个时间点(术前、术后即刻、二期、回访)的影像学数据.将术后即刻种植体肩台冠方的软硬组织空间定义为初始生物学宽度(initial biologic width,IBW):数值为齐骨种植时的黏膜厚度,或骨下种植时黏膜厚度和种植深度的总和.IBW以3.5 mm分组,比较种植体回访的MBL.结果 1～5年回访,127枚植体近远中共254个位点.IBW≥3.5 mm组,呈现更理想MBL(0.40 mm vs.0.00 mm,P<0.05),MBL有更高概率稳定于种植体肩台或以上水平(95.6％vs.87.2％,P<0.05).结论 黏膜厚度和种植深度共同影响种植体MBL.对于Straumann骨水平系统,IBW≥3.5 mm,远期回访MBL更可能稳定于种植体肩台或以上水平.     

末端游离单颗种植体远期骨吸收量回顾性分析

目的：探讨游离端与非游离端单颗种植体的垂直骨吸收量是否有差异。方法：选择进行种植修复的牙缺失患者50例(50颗种植体),根据牙位分为非游离端缺失组(A组)和游离端缺失组(B组)。一期植入直径4.1 mm、长度不等的种植体,术后3个月进行全瓷冠修复。应用CBCT测量修复后36个月的骨吸收量。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：随访期间,所有种植体无松动、脱落。A组远中骨吸收量为(0.288±0.183)mm,近中骨吸收量为(0.291±0.136)mm;B组远中骨吸收量为(0.562±0.201)mm,近中骨吸收量为(0.425±0.221)mm。A组平均骨吸收量为(0.289±0.144)mm,B组平均骨吸收量为(0.494±0.182)mm;B组远中骨吸收量显著多于近中骨吸收量(P<0.05),B组平均骨吸收量显著多于A组(P<0.05)。结论：游离端单颗种植体远中骨吸收量显著高于非游离端,提示游离端单颗种植体存在更高的骨吸收风险。     

上颌前牙区单牙种植钛膜引导成骨的美学效果观察

目的上颌前牙单牙种植采取不可吸收性无孔纯钛膜进行引导骨再生,对成骨效果以及修复后软组织美学效果进行观察。方法 2004年6月至2009年12月,在北京大学口腔医学院种植中心,20例上颌前牙单牙缺失种植患者（男12例,女8例,年龄19~56岁,平均34.0岁）。种植体植入后唇侧颈缘出现裂开性骨缺损或唇侧骨板厚度小于等于0.5mm,采用少量自体碎骨和Bio-Oss骨粉充填骨缺损后,以钛膜覆盖植骨区,并用小膜钉固定。愈合5~6个月行Ⅱ期手术,取出钛膜,测量种植体唇侧骨板的厚度。Ⅱ期术后2个月进行种植修复。使用PES（pink esthetic score）评分对种植修复体周围软组织进行评价。结果 20例病例中,没有一例出现伤口的裂开及感染。20颗种植体均获得骨结合。种植体植入时,唇侧骨板的厚度平均0.23mm,种植Ⅱ期手术暴露种植体取出钛膜时,测量唇侧骨板的厚度为1.5mm~3.5mm,平均2.33mm,平均增加2.10 mm。PES平均得分为10.05±1.57。结论在上颌前牙区单牙种植时,采取钛膜引导成骨,解决种植体唇侧颈部骨板裂开性骨缺损及厚度不足效果可靠,牙龈软组织的近期效果良好。     

浓缩生长因子应用于上颌前牙区骨缺损引导骨再生的效果评价

目的评价浓缩生长因子(concentrated growth factor,CGF)应用于上颌前牙区唇侧骨缺损引导骨再生(guided bone regeneration,GBR)的效果。方法选取上颌前牙区单牙缺失伴唇侧水平向骨缺损40例,随机分为观察组和对照组各20例。观察组使用浓缩生长因子+骨粉+胶原膜行引导骨再生术;对照组使用骨粉+胶原膜行常规引导骨再生术。术后行软组织愈合评估,术后半年评价骨增量的效果。结果观察组软组织伤口一期愈合率为100%,对照组为75%,观察组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.017)。观察组术后半年骨宽度增加量为(3.70±0.28)mm,对照组为(2.96±0.16)mm,观察组骨增量大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论 CGF能促进上颌前牙区骨缺损引导骨再生术的成骨量。     

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the sphenoid bone

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is an uncommon benign lesion that rarely presents in the craniofacial region. Aneurysmal bone cysts represent nearly 1.4% of all bone tumors, and among those, only 3% are located in the cranium. In this study, we report on an ABC located in the sphenoid bone with superior nasal cavity and ethmoid extension. The presenting symptom of our patient was headache, followed by diplopia, loss of visual accuracy, and abduction restriction. We successfully resected the lesion by a combined subcranial-midfacial degloving approach without any complications or recurrence.     

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the zygomatic bone

Aneurysmal bone cysts are a rare finding in the facial bones and jaws. Only one previous case of this entity affecting the malar bone could be found in the literature. Ultrasound and isotope scan features of this entity are described.     

Particulated bone grafts--effectiveness of bone cell supply

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to measure the amount of viable bone cells present in different types of bone graft. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bone chips were harvested from the trabecular or cortical bone of the mandible or the iliac crest and either milled or not. The average size of unmilled bone particles was 5 x 5 x 5 mm and that of milled was 2 x 2 x 2 mm. Drill sludge was obtained using either a ball reamer, a diamond ball or an implant drill (the latter from mandibular bone and of average dimension 1 x 1 x 1 mm). A measure of 0.5 g of each category was cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with additives for four weeks. Cell counts were performed. An analysis of the osteocalcin synthesis, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the collagen types and the concentration of bone-specific collagen cross-links in medium supernatants was performed. RESULTS: Cells stained positively for osteocalcin and ALP in all groups. Bone-specific collagen cross-links could be quantified and collagen of types I and V was present with no difference in all groups. Unmilled spongy bone chips revealed greater cell counts than milled (P<0.05). Spongy bone chips revealed greater cell counts than cortical bone chips (P<0.05). Drill sludge obtained by hard alloy ball reamer showed the least amount of viable cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Bone milling reduces the quantity of osteoblasts. Bone obtained by the ball reamer supplies a smaller number of cells than bone obtained by other methods. Unmilled spongy bone chips appear to offer the greatest amount of viable osteoblasts.     

Oncological treatment of bone tumours and bone metastases

The majority of patients with a malignant bone lesion will have bone metastases from a distant primary tumour. This could be apparent at diagnosis or develop later in the course of the disease. Some primary tumour types are more likely than others to develop bone secondaries. This common clinical problem requires a multidisciplinary approach in order to reduce patient suffering and maintain quality of life. Almost all patients with metastatic bone disease will have incurable cancer and this needs to be acknowledged when considering treatment options. Conversely primary malignant bone tumours are relatively rare conditions and thus need to be managed by specialist centres. Multimodality, multiprofessional treatment is required which may last for many months and can be associated with considerable toxicity. Patients with localized disease can be cured but there remains a high risk of both local recurrence and metastases.     

可吸收性引导骨再生胶原膜治疗骨缺损的实验研究

本研究是对国产吸收性胶原膜的骨引导再生,在骨缺损上应用的有效性方面进行实验研究。方法在实验动物成年犬的颌骨左右侧形成骨缺损,实验侧的骨缺损上覆盖吸收性胶原膜,对照侧没有覆盖,实验期间分别为２周、６周、１２周的取出下颌骨;     

HA人工骨修复较大颌骨囊肿骨腔的临床探讨

本文对近10年来应用HA修复颌骨囊肿186例，及其中较大颌骨囊肿34例，进行了较系统的临床研究。手术切口一期愈合、外形满意27例（79．5％），较明显颗粒逸漏21例（61.7%），迟发性血清肿4例（2.9％）。并对4例单囊性角化囊肿用液氮冷冻后HA修复，经3年以上随访无复发。     

Relationship between bone mineral density and bone stiffness in bone fracture

Objectives Using cancellous bone blocks of racehorses, the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD), which indicates bone strength, and stiffness in bone fracture occurrences was studied.Methods Two groups of cancellous bone blocks were prepared: a fractured group, using the first phalangeal bones of seven racehorses with sagittal fractures; and a nonfractured group, using the first phalangeal bones of nine autopsied racehorses without any fractures. By a peripheral quantitative computed tomography scan, the BMD values were shown as color images and evaluated. In addition, the BMD values obtained from the fractured and nonfractured groups were compared with the stiffness values obtained from a compression test.Results The difference between the average BMD values of the fractured and nonfractured groups was easily observed on the BMD color-conversion display image. The average BMD of the fractured group (472.1 mg/cm³) was significantly higher than that of the nonfractured group (284.5 mg/cm³, P = 0.005). Moreover, the average stiffness of the fractured group (5564.5 N/cm) was significantly higher than that of the nonfractured group (3808.6 N/cm, P = 0.008).Conclusion These results suggest that the occurrence of a fracture does not depend on the BMD or the bone stiffness value.     

Microscopy of bone cells, bone tissue, and bone healing around implants.

Newer methods of scanning microscopy using both light and electrons are particularly relevant to the study of bone cells, bone matrix organization, matrix mineralization, bone modeling and remodeling, and the adaptation of cells and matrix to implants. Most of such studies are conducted on retrieved implants, at least after the death of the related tissue. Because the retention of the tissue-implant relationship in such preserved tissue is crucial for critical evaluation of the implant, methods based on the study of flat surfaces of embedded tissue blocks are very important. Using electrons, the backscattered electrons in a scanning electron microscope can be employed to evaluate mean atomic number (density) and cathodoluminescence can identify polymers and fluorescent labels. Using light, confocal microscopical techniques permit the examination of layers deep to the block face. Confocal reflected and fluorescence methods allow the study of cell behavior upon both transparent and opaque substrates in the laboratory. Examples of the above are presented and interpretation problems discussed. Current experiments are aimed at enabling the study of bone wound healing and bone adaptation to implanted materials in vivo, through the implantation of optical quality windows and/or newly conceived and designed microscopical objective lenses.