Effects of 3 Topical Plant Extracts on Wound Healing in Beef Cattle

Eleven heifers of the Purunã cattle breed were used to evaluate wound healing by second intention. An experimental wound excision model in bovines was created by means of a skin punch of diameter 2cm. The animals were topically treated for 17 days with a saline control or decoctions of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Aroeira mansa), Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb (Ipê Roxo), and Casearia sylvestris Sw.(Guaçatonga) mixed with carboxymethyl cellulose. Centripetal retraction, clinical, and histological aspects of the wounds were observed until complete healing. Decoctions of T. avellanedae and S. terebinthifolius, but not C. sylvestris, had a beneficial effect on wound healing by second intention.     

Molecular and Cell Biology of Skin Wound Healing in a Pig Model

To define the pattern of change at the molecular and cellular levels during the healing of exci-sional skin wounds in the skeletally immature pig, mRNA levels for relevant molecules were assessed by semiquantitative RT-PCR using porcine specific primer sets and RNA isolated from normal skin and samples at various time post-wounding. Analysis of cellular change was assessed by DNA quantification and histology of tissue sections. The results demonstrated that the changes in the pattern of RNA and DNA content of the scar tissue were consistent with the observed increasing cellularity. The mRNA levels for collagen I, III, HSP47, IL-1, TGF-P, MMP-1, -2 and -9, TIMP-1, -2, and-4, PAI-1, versican were significantly elevated during healing; levels for biglycan and fibromodulin were not significantly altered; and the mRNA levels for TIMP-3 were depressed. These findings suggest that skin wound healing is a series of complex matrix-cell interactions that involve cellular migration and inflammation, followed by proliferation of fibroblasts with new collagen synthesis, and lastly tissue remodeling of the scar.     

无定形水凝胶敷料对大鼠皮肤烫伤及创伤模型的疗效分析

目的:探讨无定形水凝胶敷料对大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤及创伤模型的治疗应用效果。方法:分别制备大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤及创伤模型,给予无定形水凝胶创面涂抹治疗,观察2类创面的完全脱痂时间、完全愈合时间及组织病理学特征;同时采用康惠尔水凝胶敷料(简称清创胶)作为平行对照。结果:对于深Ⅱ度烫伤和创伤创面,无定形水凝胶组和清创胶组的上皮化时间均短于相应的模型组,同一类型创面2种敷料治疗的愈合时间无明显差异,但无定形水凝胶组的完全脱痂时间短于清创胶组。病理结果显示,2种敷料使用后的皮肤烫伤创面上皮细胞、新生毛细血管及成纤维细胞数多于烫伤模型组,而炎症细胞数少于烫伤模型组;2种创面完全愈合后无定形水凝胶组的毛囊、汗腺均明显多于清创胶组。结论:无定形水凝胶主要通过促进创面上皮化缩短创面修复时间,在促进毛囊、汗腺形成上更胜一筹。     

功能敷料的“伤口湿润环境愈合”理论与实践

简述了传统敷料理论和敷料类别,结合对伤口的分类与愈合机理,详细阐述了"伤口湿润环境愈合"理论的发展历程与机理与优势,比较分析了数种功能敷料在结构和功能设计中应用"伤口湿润环境愈合"理论的实践及能测试与评价方法。经分析认为,"伤口湿润环境愈合"理论有利于伤口愈合和临床护理,已成为伤口,尤其是慢性伤口护理的新准则,该理论对功能敷料的设计研发具有指导意义。     

半导体激光照射对大鼠强激光损伤愈合的影响

本文采用高功率密度CO2激光照射大鼠背部皮肤,建立临床上用CO2激光治疗皮肤病的动物皮肤损伤模型,并以低强度的连续及脉冲的532 nm半导体激光照射损伤模型,观察并测定其创口愈合时间、愈合速度等指标,对创口标本进行组织学观察.结果表明,受照射创面的平均愈合时间均较未照射组缩短;愈合过程各阶段愈合速度的变化趋势与激光输出方式有关,连续输出形式对创口的促进作用明显优于脉冲输出形式;同样以脉冲形式输出时,脉冲频率相同的半导体激光有相似的愈合速度变化趋势;光镜、电镜组织学观察,激光组和对照组相比在表皮再生、炎性反应及胶原纤维增生程度上均未发现明显不同.     

Immunomodulation of reparative processes in the skin with ribomunyl

A stimulatory effect of intradermal injections of ribomunyl on healing of a skin wound was shown in rats. The effect is based on activation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis and stimulation of neoangiogenesis in newly formed granulation tissue. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 143, No. 6, pp. 660–662, June, 2007     

Skin microautografting. Changes in area and morphology of the new skin

Research and Production Center for Medical Bioengineering, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. S. Sarkisov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 109, No. 5, pp. 470–473, May, 1990.     

血小板源伤口愈合因子对糖尿病大鼠难愈伤口愈合的改善作用

本研究以糖尿病大鼠切口伤脑海经绵死腔伤为难愈伤口不ＰＤＷＨＦ在改善难愈合伤口中的作用进行了探讨。致伤当日及以后连续６日糖尿病治疗组切口伤及海绵给予ＰＤＷＨＦ２０μｌ（５ｍｇ／ｍｌ），伤后５、７、１０、１４日，测定伤口抗张力值及海绵中总ＤＮＡ、羟脯氨酸含量，结果显示：伤后５－１０日，ＰＤＷＨＦ能明显改善糖尿病务口的愈合状况，伤后１４日可使愈合程度恢复至正常水平，提示无需进一步纯化，即可将ＰＤＷＨＦ作     

Comparative evaluation of the wound-healing potency of recombinant bFGF and ski gene therapy in rats

We previously demonstrated that cellular Sloan-Kettering Institute (c-Ski) played a dual role, both promoting wound healing and alleviating scar formation. However, its mechanism and therapeutic effects are not clear, especially compared with widely used treatments, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) administration. However, Ski treatment led to an even shorter healing time and a more significant reduction in scar area than bFGF treatment. The mechanism underlying this difference was related to a reduced inflammatory response, more rapid re-epithelialization, less collagen after healing and a greater reduction in the proportion of alpha-smooth muscle actin and SMemb-positive cells after Ski treatment. These results not only confirm that Ski plays a dual role in promoting healing and reducing scarring but also suggest that Ski yields better treatment effects than bFGF, indicating better potential therapeutic effects in wound repair.     

皮肤发育相关的miRNAs及其在糖尿病创面愈合中的作用

微小核糖核酸（microRNA/miRNA）作为一类进化上保守的非编码小分子RNA,参与基因转录后的表达与 调控,其表达模式有一定的时间性和空间性,体现在不同的miRNAs在不同组织、不同发育阶段的表达水平差异。 某些miRNAs能够促进创面愈合,在创面愈合的炎症期抑制炎性介质的表达;某些miRNAs能够促进增生期创面 细胞的增殖、迁移,有利于创面的快速修复;在创面重塑期,某些miRNAs又能够通过抑制无痕愈合信号通路的 相关蛋白质来促使瘢痕修复。糖尿病创面通常伴随糖尿病周围神经病变、糖尿病血管病变和感染。部分miRNAs 通过调控特定基因的表达水平,激活或抑制不同且特定的信号通路,一定程度上促进了糖尿病创面的愈合。本文 主要综述了miRNA在创面愈合过程不同阶段的调控研究进展,以及miRNAs促进、抑制糖尿病创面愈合的机制, 以期为后续研究开拓新的思路。     

胶原“人工皮”的特点和烧伤病人创面的应用

应用胶原“人工皮”治疗各类烧伤116例病人,如浅Ⅱ°、深Ⅲ°、混合度、Ⅲ°切痂创面,供皮区均取得显著疗效。经验证明,胶原“人工皮”对创面的粘附力好,能预防感染,减少液体渗出,有促进创面愈合的作用。浇Ⅱ°治愈时间为9.0±1.3天,深Ⅱ°15.8±1.8天,供皮区为13.4±2.8天。Ⅲ°切痂嵌入自体皮片覆盖,平均治愈时间为24±3天,创面胶原“人工皮”没有排异反应。     

Macrophages Restrain Contraction of an In Vitro Wound Healing Model

Significant numbers of macrophages are present during all stages of dermal wound repair, but the functional significance of these macrophages, especially during the later contraction and remodelling stages of repair, remains unclear. We investigated the effect of macrophages on wound contraction using a novel in vitro model based upon the contracting dermal equivalent (DE). Macrophages were found to reversibly restrain DE contraction, a rapid and sustained effect that was enhanced by lipolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of macrophages and partially inhibited by hydrocortisone. Prolonged inhibition of contraction was strongly correlated with an inhibition of fibroblast proliferation. The rapid contraction-inhibiting effect of the macrophages was mediated through activation of protein kinase C (PKC). These results suggest that inflammatory macrophages restrain the later stages of wound repair, namely matrix contraction and remodeling. The novel in vitro model established here provides a useful system for examining fibroblast-macrophage interactions in the healing wound.     

组织工程化人工皮肤的构建与应用

体外培养表皮细胞构建组织工程化人工皮肤是促进皮肤缺损创面愈合、提高创面修复质量的新途径。本文就人工皮肤种子细胞研究现状、真皮支架材料的研制、复合人工皮肤的构建与应用作一综述     

Effectiveness of treatment of deep and extensive wounds by skin microautografting

Research and Production Center for Medical Bioengineering, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. S. Sarkisov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 109, No. 5, pp. 473–475, May, 1990.     

Honey: an immunomodulatory agent for disorders of the skin

Studies have shown that honeys from around the world can inhibit the growth of a range of dermatologically important microbes. In addition to reports of the antimicrobial properties of honey, a number of recent in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that honey is able to modulate immunological parameters related to the skin immune system. Paradoxically, both immune-stimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects have been observed. In this review, scientific research investigating the immunomodulatory properties of honeys from around the world, in relation to disorders of the skin, is evaluated. While there is sufficient evidence to suggest that honey does indeed have immunomodulatory properties, which may at least partially explain the ability of honey to promote the healing of wounds, there are still gaps in the scientific knowledge and literature. More research is necessary for a more complete understanding of the immune-modulating properties of honey and to enable the utilisation of honey as an immune-modulating agent in dermatology.     

Nod2 deficiency impairs inflammatory and epithelial aspects of the cutaneous wound‐healing response

Infection is a significant causative factor in human chronic wounds that fail to heal. Complex innate host response mechanisms have evolved whereby potentially harmful pathogens are recognized by multiple host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), yet understanding of PRR function, or dysfunction, in the context of chronic wounds remains limited. NOD2, a cytoplasmic PRR, has been strongly implicated in chronic inflammation of the gut, where loss‐of‐function mutations have been linked to Crohn's disease; however, cutaneous Nod2 function remains poorly characterized. Here we demonstrate an important role for Nod2 in murine skin wound healing. Cutaneous Nod2 is induced in key wound cell types in response to injury. In the absence of Nod2, mice display a substantial delay in acute wound repair associated with epithelial and inflammatory changes. Specifically, Nod2‐null mice display altered epidermal migration and proliferation, an initial delay in neutrophil recruitment associated with decreased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR2, and reduced numbers of alternatively activated macrophages (Ym1⁺ cells). Somewhat surprisingly, these Nod2‐null phenotypes were associated with little or no expression change in other PRRs, even though compensatory mechanisms have been shown to exist. In this study we show that healing in TLR2‐null mice was essentially normal. These findings reveal a novel intrinsic role for Nod2 in cutaneous wound repair in addition to its role in recognizing invading pathogens.     

人工皮肤的研究进展

早期切痂术使用人工皮肤代用品迅速覆盖创面 ,对提高大面积烧伤病人的生存率有重要意义 ,但是 ,迄今为止 ,尚无一种持久、合适耐用的皮肤代用品。因此 ,建立一种理想的皮肤代用品 ,无论是对急性烧伤病人 ,还是伤后要求皮肤修复重建的病人都有重大作用。本文将临床上所使用的各种皮肤代用品的特性、使用情况和作用机制进行综述 ,并对人工皮肤代用品将来的研究发展方向进行展望