A prediction model incorporating the BRAFV600E protein status for determining the risk of cervical lateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer patients with central lymph node metastasis

Background and objectivesCervical lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) is a predictor of poor prognosis for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. However, the risk factors for LLNM remain unclear. The purpose of the study was to examine the risk factors for LLNM and construct a prediction model.MethodsWith Ethics Committee approval, a total of 1198 PTC patients were retrospectively included in our study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and LLNM. A nomogram for predicting LLNM in PTC patients with central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) was constructed and validated.ResultsThe negative BRAF^V600E protein expression was significantly correlated with positive LLNM status in PTC patients. In PTC patients with CLNM, the number of metastatic central lymph nodes (LNN) ≥ 3 and the ratio of metastatic central lymph nodes (LNR) ≥ 0.565 were found to be significantly associated with positive LLNM status. The nomogram for predicting LLNM risk in PTC patients with CLNM incorporated four risk factors: tumor size, the BRAF^V600E protein expression, LNN and LNR. The prediction model showed excellent discrimination, with a C-index of 0.714.ConclusionsThe negative BRAF^V600E protein expression was more likely to lead to LLNM. LNN ≥3 and LNR ≥0.565 were associated with LLNM risk in PTC patients with CLNM. Our nomogram might assist clinicians in developing individual suitable follow-up strategies for PTC patients with CLNM.     

cN0甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

背景与目的：术后病理证实的淋巴结转移在临床淋巴结转移阴性(clinical lymph node negative, cN0)的甲状腺乳头状癌中并不罕见,该研究旨在探讨cN0甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移的危险因素,特别是大量淋巴结转移(>5个)、单侧单发癌灶对侧中央区转移的危险因素。方法：收集北京协和医院2008年—2014年由同一手术团队实施手术的cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者350例(男性85例,女性265例;其中单侧单发癌灶212例)。分析患者的临床病理学特征,通过单因素、多因素分析寻找淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果：350例患者中共出现淋巴结转移138例(39.4%),大量淋巴结转移20例(5.7%),在单侧单发癌灶且行双侧腺体切除联合双侧中央区淋巴结清扫的169例患者中,24例出现对侧中央区淋巴结转移(14.2%)。淋巴结转移的危险因素的单因素分析中,肿物大小小于等于1 cm和大于1 cm(33.6%vs 58.5%,P<0.01)、超声肿物有钙化和无钙化者(31.7%vs 43.7%, P=0.03)淋巴结转移差异有统计学意义;多因素分析中,非微小癌是淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(OR=2.792, P<0.001)。出现大量淋巴结转移危险因素的单因素分析中,女性和男性(3.8%vs 11.8%,P=0.012)、年龄小于40岁和大于等于40岁(10.7%vs 3.4%,P=0.006)、肿物大小小于等于1 cm和大于1 cm(3.4%vs 13.4%,P=0.002)、超声肿物低回声和非低回声(13.9%vs 4.8%,P=0.026)者在有无大量淋巴结转移上差异有统计学意义;多因素分析中,男性(OR=5.152,P=0.002)、非微小癌(OR=5.712,P=0.001)、年龄小于40岁(OR=3.959,P=0.006)是大量淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。男性(OR=3.105,P=0.022)、非微小癌(OR=3.863,P=0.008)是单侧单发癌灶对侧中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素,其对侧中央区淋巴结转移率分别为26.5%、26.1%。结论：cN0甲状腺乳头状癌出现淋巴结转移的比例较高;对于其中非微小甲状腺乳头状癌应常规行中央区淋巴结清扫,对于男性、年龄小于40岁的微小甲状腺乳头状癌也应考虑采取积极的手术方式。     

Risk factors for right paraesophageal lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveProphylactic dissection of the right paraesophageal lymph node (RPELN) in thyroid cancer is controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to provide evidence for RPELN dissection in thyroid cancer.MethodsWe searched the PubMed and Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) databases for relevant studies published up to January 31, 2019. The patients involved all had a pathological diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and had undergone total thyroidectomy or right lobectomy with central compartment lymph node dissection. The RPELNs had been kept aside during the operation.ResultsFourteen cohort studies involving 11,090 patients with PTC were included in the meta-analysis. There was RPELN metastases (RPELNM) in 1038 patients (9.36%). The factors related to RPELNM were: age <45 years, male sex, right lobe tumor, tumor >1 cm, extrathyroidal extension, capsular invasion, right paratracheal lymph node metastasis (RPTLNM), central lymph node metastasis (CLNM), lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM), and tumor multifocality. There was no association between RPELNM and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and inferior pole tumors or tumor in the middle of the gland. With superior pole tumors, there was even less RPELNM.ConclusionsThe clinical features related to RPELNM are age <45 years, male sex, tumor >1 cm, tumor diameter >2 cm, right lobe tumor, RPTLNM, extrathyroidal extension, capsular invasion, CLNM, CLNM ≥3, LLNM and multifocality, which should be considered when evaluating RPELN dissection.     

甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移评分系统的建立及验证

目的 构建甲状腺乳头状癌（papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC）中央区淋巴结转移（central lymph node metastasis,CLNM）的评分系统,并评价和验证其工作效能。方法 选取2015年6月—2018年6月在甘肃省肿瘤医院行手术治疗的237例PTC患者为建模组,2018年7月—2019年6月符合相同条件的100例PTC患者为验证组。采用Logistic回归模型筛选CLNM的独立危险因素并构建评分系统,ROC曲线评估预测价值。结果 男性、肿瘤直径＞1 cm、多发癌灶、肿瘤位于腺体下极和包膜侵犯是预测PTC CLNM的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。建模组ROC曲线下面积为0.857,最佳诊断截点值为6分,诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为81.9%、85.3%、78.6%和87.8%,验证组ROC曲线下面积为0.823。 结论 基于独立危险因素的评分系统对PTC患者CLNM有较好的预测价值,评分≥6分的患者CLNM发生风险较高,应积极行预防性中央区淋巴结清扫。     

Sonographic features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma predicting high-volume central neck lymph node metastasis

Objective

To study the correlations between the sonographic features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and the presence of high-volume lymph node metastasis.

甲状腺乳头状癌伴桥本甲状腺炎患者中央区淋巴结转移预测模型的构建与验证

目的:评估HT合并PTC患者中央淋巴结转移（central lymph node metastasis,CLNM）的预测因素。建立列线图预测PTC伴HT患者发生CLNM的可能性。方法:回顾性收集了2018年1月至2021年12月在我院接受甲状腺手术的4 171例PTC患者的资料。最后,共纳入671例PTC合并HT患者。其中,468例患者组成训练组,其余203例患者组成了验证组,以验证模型的性能。预测因子选择采用LASSO回归模型,并采用多因素logistic回归分析建立预测模型,建立了预测CLNM的列线图,并进行了内部验证。结果:LASSO回归模型显示,有17个变量可能是影响CLNM发生的因素（P<0.05）。随后,多因素逻辑回归分析显示,年龄较低、结节性高回声、肿瘤大直径、肿瘤多灶性、甲状腺外扩张（extrathyroidal extension,ETE）、颈部淋巴结肿大、癌胚抗原（carcino-embryonic antigen,CEA）是发生中央区淋巴结转移（CLNM）的独立预测因素。基于独立预测因素构建PTC合并HT患者发生CLNM列线图,并进行内部验证。通过建立预测模型,训练组发生CLNM的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.774（95%CI,0.725~0.824）,验证组发生CLNM的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.781（95%CI,0.712~0.850）。列线图对训练队列和验证队列以及合并数据集均显示出良好的校准和鉴别能力。结论:本研究构建的列线图预测模型对甲状腺乳头状癌伴桥本甲状腺炎患者发生中央区淋巴结转移（CLNM）有良好的预测作用。为临床治疗方案提供合理的参考,帮助临床医生为患者制定个性化的治疗方案。     

甲状腺乳头状癌超声表现与侧颈区淋巴结转移间关系的研究

目的：研究甲状腺乳头状癌（ Papillary thyroid carcinoma ,PTC）高频超声表现与侧颈区淋巴结转移（ Lateral cervical lymph node metastasis ,LCLNM）间的关系。方法对449例患者的633个PTC结节进行分组。有LCLNM的为转移组,有91例患者共135个结节;无LCLNM的为无转移组,有358例患者共498个结节。所有结节的病理及有无LCLNM、颈中央区淋巴结转移（ Central cervical lymph nodule metasta-sis,CCLNM）均以术后病理诊断为金标准。用χ^2检验进行单因素分析,Logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果单因素分析显示男性、年龄＜45岁、多发、直径＞1 cm、微钙化多发（ d＜2 mm）、混合型血流（内部及边缘血流增多）、纵横比＜1、CCLNM、侵犯甲状腺包膜均与LCLNM相关（P＜0．05）,PTC位于上极易发生LCLNM（P＜0．017）。多因素分析显示微钙化多发、纵横比＜1、CCLNM、侵犯甲状腺包膜和结节位于甲状腺上极同时出现是LCLNM的危险因素（P＜0．005,OR＝1．626,2．644,0．479,2．579）。结论高频超声可精确描述甲状腺癌结节声像图表现,这些表现对术前提示侧颈区有无侧颈区颈部淋巴结转移具有重要价值,可为临床手术及治疗提供更多信息。     

Squamous metaplasia with Hashimoto's thyroiditis presenting as a thyroid nodule

A 59-year-old Japanese female presented a well-limited and movable thyroid nodule. Histologically, the nodule consisted of clusters of squamous cells surrounded by dense connective tissue in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The squamous cells were well arranged and showed no mitotic figures. We therefore interpreted this nodule as being squamous metaplasia with Hashimoto's thyroiditis rather than squamous carcinoma of the thyroid. There are no previous reports in the literature of nodular formation of squamous metaplasia in the thyroid.     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移特点及危险因素分析

目的:探讨甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移特点及相关危险因素在颈部不同区域淋巴结转移中的意义.方法:回顾性分析北京世纪坛医院2010年1月至2014年12月术后病理证实为甲状腺癌的404例患者的临床资料,就年龄、性别、术前TSH水平、肿瘤最大径、多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎、合并结节性甲状腺肿等因素与颈部不同区域淋巴结转移之间的关系进行分析.结果:甲状腺癌发生淋巴结转移时,多数转移至中央区,其次为颈侧区,颈侧区淋巴结转移中Ⅲ区和Ⅳ区转移率相当,且明显高于Ⅱ区.单因素分析结果显示,性别、肿瘤最大径、多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并结节性甲状腺肿与中央区、颈侧区淋巴结转移均有关(P＜0.05),而年龄和中央区淋巴结转移有相关性(P＜0.05),合并桥本甲状腺炎与颈侧区淋巴结转移有相关性(P＜0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性患者、年龄＜45岁、肿瘤最大径＞1cm、多灶病变是中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P＜0.05),而多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎是颈侧区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论:甲状腺乳头状癌中年龄＜45岁的男性患者、肿瘤最大径＞1cm、多灶病变可增加中央区淋巴结转移的风险.而表现为多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎、可疑跳跃性转移及中央区淋巴结转移阳性的患者,颈侧区淋巴结转移风险性增加.     

是否合并桥本甲状腺炎的甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床病理特征及与淋巴结转移相关性的分析

目的:探讨甲状腺乳头状癌合并桥本甲状腺炎患者临床病理特征以及合并桥本甲状腺炎对淋巴结转移的影响。方法:回顾性分析我院2014年10月至2019年10月术后病理证实为甲状腺乳头状癌3 411例患者临床资料,其中合并桥本患者498例,未合并桥本患者2 913例,经过倾向性评分匹配方法对两组患者进行匹配,得到组间协变量均衡样本,比较两组患者临床病例特征并分析患者淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果:经过倾向性评分匹配后,甲状腺乳头状癌患者是否合并桥本甲状腺炎仅与病灶大小和BRAF V600E基因突变显著相关（P＜0.05）,而与病灶数目、侵犯包膜、淋巴结转移、中央区淋巴结转移、颈侧区淋巴结转移以及淋巴结转移数目无关（P＞0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示年龄≥55岁PTC患者淋巴结转移的发生风险是年龄<55岁患者的0.957倍（OR=0.957,P＜0.001）。肿瘤病灶＞1 cm患者淋巴结转移的发生风险是病灶≤1 cm患者的2.697倍（OR=2.697,P＜0.001）。肿瘤病灶多灶的患者淋巴结转移的发生风险是单灶患者的2.186倍（OR=2.186,P＜0.001）。结论:合并桥本甲状腺炎与更小的肿瘤病灶和更高的BRAF V600E基因突变率显著相关,而与淋巴结转移无关。患者年龄≥55岁是甲状腺乳头状癌患者淋巴结转移的独立保护因素,而病灶>1 cm和病灶多灶是淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的临床分析

目的探讨甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的方式及处理原则.方法回顾分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院1983～1993收治的202例甲状腺乳头状癌的临床资料.根治原发灶的同时,对颈部淋巴结阴性(N0)患者进行随访观察,对颈部淋巴结阳性(pN1)患者行颈清扫术,并对转移淋巴结进行分区(Ⅰ～Ⅵ区)研究.采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,对可能的影响因素进行单因素和多因素分析.结果全组总的5年、10年累积生存率分别为94.8%和89.5%,累积颈部复发率分别为8.3%和11.1%.首次治疗时,全组颈淋巴结转移率为60.9%(123/202).原发灶肿瘤无包膜以及多发病灶对颈部转移有显著影响.多数患者的颈部淋巴结转移累及多个分区(81.3%),转移淋巴结主要分布在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅵ区.pN1 b患者远处转移显著增多,预后较差(P均＜0.05).结论对甲状腺乳头状癌颈部N0患者可观察,不主张做选择性颈清扫术,单纯Ⅵ区转移患者,也不主张做选择性颈清扫术,有对侧颈转移的患者,清扫范围应包括Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ区.     

Shear wave elastography combined with gray-scale ultrasound for predicting central lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between shear wave elastography (SWE) elasticity indices of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and to evaluate the value of SWE combined with gray-scale ultrasound (US) for predicting preoperative CLNM.MethodThis study included 172 patients with a pathology diagnosis of PTC who underwent preoperative gray-scale US and SWE evaluation. Patients were divided into CLNM-positive and CLNM-negative groups. We analyzed the association between SWE elasticity indices (Emax, Emean and Emin) and CLNM, compared the diagnostic efficacy of gray-scale US alone versus SWE combined with gray-scale US for predicting CLNM, and analyzed the influence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) on the diagnostic efficacy of CLNM.ResultsSWE elasticity values Emax, Emean and Emin were significantly higher in CLNM-positive patients (P=0.000, 0.000 and 0.003, respectively). The AUC of Emax was higher than that of other SWE indices for predicting CLNM (AUC = 0.749; 95% CI = 0.676–0.822). In multivariate analysis, microcalcification (OR = 5.254; 95% CI = 2.496–11.061), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 4.210; 95% CI = 1.423–12.456), multifocality (OR = 3.084; 95% CI = 1.190–7.991) and Emax >59.0 kpa (OR = 4.934; 95% CI = 2.318–10.500) were independent risk factors for predicting CLNM. The AUC of SWE combined with gray-scale US for predicting CLNM (AUC = 0.825; 95% CI = 0.760–0.879) was significantly higher (P = 0.011) than that for gray-scale US alone (AUC = 0.774; 95% CI = 0.704–0.834). There was no significant difference in AUC between the HT and non-HT subgroups in predicting CLNM (0.798 vs. 0.833, P = 0.640).ConclusionsSWE can be used to predict CLNM in PTC patients. SWE combined with gray-scale US can improve the prediction of CLNM.     

术前血清甲状腺球蛋白检测对甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的预测价值分析

目的 探讨术前血清甲状腺球蛋白(Preoperative serum thyroglobulin,PS-Tg)与甲状腺乳头状癌(Papillary carcinoma of thyroid,PTC)淋巴结转移(Lymph node metastasis,LNM)的关系。方法 本研究纳入2021年10月—2022年10月行甲状腺切除术并经术后病理证实的PTC患者,并收集其临床及病理资料283份。单因素、多因素logistic回归分析PS-Tg与PTC LNM的关系,绘制列线图将两者关系量化,通过ROC曲线确定最佳截断值。结果 PTC合并LNM组PS-Tg水平高于单纯PTC组(P＜0.05),单因素与多因素logistic回归分析发现PS-Tg水平升高可能是PTC发生LNM的独立危险因素,且PS-Tg水平升高可解释约15%的PTC LNM风险。结论 PS-Tg水平升高可能是PTC患者颈部LNM的危险因素,对术前LNM诊断有一定的预测价值。     

甲状腺球蛋白预测甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的增益价值

目的:探讨甲状腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin,Tg)在甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)颈部淋巴结转移预测中的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析甲状腺乳头状癌清甲结束后患者 218例,根据全身131I扫描结果分为无淋巴结转移组、一枚淋巴结转移组、两枚淋巴结转移组及多枚淋巴结转移组。分析各组患者组间Tg值的差异与相关性,采用ROC曲线计算达到最佳诊断效能时的Tg值。结果:无淋巴结转移组与淋巴结转移组之间Tg值有统计学差异(P＜0.05),不同数目淋巴结转移组之间Tg值无统计学差异(P＞0.05),且Tg值与淋巴结转移灶数目无相关性(P＞0.05)。当Tg值为1.5 ng/mL时诊断淋巴结转移的灵敏度68%,特异度80%,准确性72%,ROC曲线下面积达到最大值0.77。结论:尚不能依据Tg值判断甲状腺乳头状癌术后淋巴结转移数目及范围,但可以评估清甲治疗后淋巴结转移可能性,本研究建议的Tg截断值为1.5 ng/mL。     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy as guidance for central neck dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma

BACKGROUND.

Occult lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) can be detected by sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, but studies in larger patient cohorts undergoing complete central neck dissection may be required to assess the diagnostic accuracy of SLN. Therefore, the authors prospectively assessed the usefulness of SLN biopsy for the detection of central lymph node metastasis in patients with differentiated PTC who had no suspicious cervical lymphadenopathy.

METHODS.

After peritumoral injection of methylene blue, SLN biopsy was performed in 50 patients with newly diagnosed PTC who had no palpable or ultrasound (US)‐detected lymph node involvement. After SLN biopsy, all patients underwent total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection. The diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative SLN sampling was calculated by comparison with the final pathologic diagnosis.

RESULTS.

SLNs were identified in 46 of 50 patients (92%); of these, 14 SLNs were positive and 32 SLNs were negative on intraoperative frozen sections. One patient had a positive SLN in the jugular region and subsequently underwent modified radical neck dissection. Final pathologic examination revealed that 18 patients (36%), including 4 who had negative SLNs, had central lymph node metastasis. Thus, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of SLN biopsy were 77.8%, 100%, 92%, 100%, and 88.9%, respectively. Temporary and permanent hypocalcemia developed in 19 patients and 1 patient, respectively. There were no direct complications of SLN sampling.

CONCLUSIONS.

SLN biopsy in patients with PTC without gross clinical or US lymph node involvement was able to detect occult metastasis with high accuracy and may have the potential to select patients who require central neck dissection. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.     

hPF4 mRNA表达与甲状腺乳头癌血管生成、转移的关系

 目的 研究甲状腺乳头癌组织中人血小板第IV因子（human platelet factor 4 hPF4）表达与微血管密度（MVD）与淋巴结转移之间的关系。方法 对40例甲状腺乳头癌手术标本和10例癌旁正常组织标本采用逆转录多聚酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测hPF4 mRNA表达，并采用CD105单克隆抗体标记免疫组化法检测微血管密度。结果 正常组织hPF4 mRNA阳性率为80 %；癌组织hPF4阳性率为47.5 %，表达组MVD （25.4±11.7）低于不表达组（45.1±11.9），MVD存在显著性差异（t值为2.64，均P＜0.01），hPF4 mRNA阳性表达率在发生淋巴结转移的病例显著低于没发生转移的病例（χ2 = 9.42，P＜0.01）。结论 甲状腺乳头癌组织TSPmRNA表达可降低MVD和抑制淋巴结转移。     

Individual prediction of lateral neck metastasis risk in patients with unifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma

IntroductionMuch controversy exists over whether to perform lateral neck dissection (LND) on patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This study aimed to build predictive nomograms that could individually estimate lateral neck metastasis (LNM) risk and help determine follow up intensity.Patients and methodsUnifocal PTC patients who underwent LND between April 2012 and August 2014 were identified. Clinical and pathological variables were retrospectively evaluated using univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables that had statistical significance in final multivariate logistic models were chosen to build nomograms, which were further corrected using the bootstrap resampling method.ResultsIn all, 505 PTC patients were eligible for analysis. Among these, 178 patients (35.2%) had lateral neck metastasis. Two nomograms were generated: nomogram (c) and nomogram (c + p). Nomogram (c) incorporated four clinical variables: age, tumor size, tumor site, and extrathyroidal extension (ETE). It had a good discriminative ability, with a C-index of 0.79 (bootstrap-corrected, 0.78). Nomogram (c + p) incorporated two clinical variables and two pathological variables: tumor size, tumor site, extranodal extension (ENE), and number of positive nodes in the central compartment. Nomogram (c + p) showed an excellent discriminative ability, with a C-index of 0.86 (bootstrap-corrected, 0.85).ConclusionTwo predictive nomograms were generated. Nomogram (c) is a clinical model, whereas nomogram (c + p) is a clinicopathological model. Each nomogram incorporates only four variables and can give an accurate estimate of LNM risk in unifocal PTC patients, which may assist clinicians in patient counseling and decision making regarding LND.     

Construction and validation of nomograms to reduce completion thyroidectomy by predicting lymph node metastasis in low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma

ContextMore than 5 central lymph nodes metastases (CLNM) or lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) indicates a higher risk of recurrence in low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and may lead to completion thyroidectomy (CTx) in patients initially undergoing lobectomy.ObjectiveTo screen potentially high-risk patients from low-risk patients by using preoperative and intraoperative clinicopathological features to predict lymph node status.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 8301 PTC patients in Wuhan Union Hospital database (2009–2021) was performed according to the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) and 2021 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, respectively. Logistic regression and best subsets regression were used to identify risk factors. Nomograms were established and externally validated using the Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in China cohort.ResultsMore than 5 CLNM or LLNM was detected in 1648 (19.9%) patients. Two predictive models containing age, gender, maximum tumor size, free thyroxine (FT4) and palpable node (all p < 0.05) were established. The nomogram based on NCCN criteria showed better discriminative power and consistency with a specificity of 0.706 and a sensitivity of 0.725, and external validation indicated that 76% of potentially high-risk patients could achieve preoperative conversion of surgical strategy.ConclusionsModels based on large cohorts with good predictive performance were constructed and validated. Preoperative low-risk (T1-2N0M0) patients with age younger than 40 years, male gender, large tumor size, low FT4 and palpable nodes may be at high risk of LLNM or more than 5 CLNM, and they should receive more aggressive initial therapy to reduce CTx.     

颈中央区域淋巴结清扫在临床颈淋巴结阴性甲状腺乳头状癌手术治疗中的应用

背景与目的:对临床已证实颈部淋巴结阳性(cN )甲状腺乳头状癌患者行联合根治术已无异议,但对临床颈淋巴结阴性(cN0)患者是否实行选择性颈淋巴结清扫,以及清扫范围、清扫时机等国内外均存在争议。本研究探讨cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者手术颈部淋巴结处理的恰当方案。方法:2005年至2006年84例经术前常规B超、选择性颈部MRI检查确定为cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者,随机分为A、B两组,各42例。A组行原发灶根治 常规同侧中央区域淋巴结清扫术;B组仅行原发灶根治术。术后均服甲状腺素内分泌治疗。结果:A组淋巴结检出率平均3枚/例,淋巴结转移率47.62%。两组在术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:原发灶根治 同侧中央区域淋巴结清扫是治疗cN0甲状腺乳头状癌的一种值得推荐的术式,在不造成额外损伤的基础上超越了单纯原发灶的治疗,具有前哨淋巴结活检的意义,还可避免再次颈淋巴结清扫时对喉返神经的损伤。