闭合复位经皮穿针治疗移位的肱骨外科颈骨折

目的总结闭合复位经皮穿针治疗移位的肱骨外科颈骨折的方法及结果。方法2001年1月～2002年12月,采用闭合复位、经皮穿针治疗移位的肱骨外科颈骨折46例,仅对其中随访资料完整的34例患者进行分析。结果34例获得22个月(10～34个月)的平均随访。采用Constant-Murley评分方法,平均Constant-Murley绝对值为92分(76～100分),优良占86%(29/34),可占14%(5/34),无差病例。所有骨折在术后6～8周愈合,无固定失效,未出现肱骨头坏死病例。结论闭合复位经皮穿针治疗移位的肱骨外科颈骨折手术时间短、软组织损伤小、固定可靠,术后可早期功能锻炼,取针简便。     

锁定钢板内固定治疗儿童肱骨外科颈骨折16例体会

目的探讨采用锁定钢板内固定治疗儿童肱骨外科颈骨折的临床疗效。方法对儿童肱骨外科颈骨折16例行切开复位锁定钢板螺钉内固定术治疗。结果术后无切口感染、内固定失效、骨折不愈合或畸形愈合等发生,骨折均愈合良好,患肢功能恢复满意,患者基本无后遗并发症发生。按照Neer骨折关节功能评定标准:优8例,良7例,可1例。结论对儿童肱骨外科颈骨折行开放复位锁定钢板螺钉内固定术治疗,效果满意,值得推广应用。     

微创经皮撬拔空心钉内固定法治疗肱骨外科颈骨折

<正>肱骨外科颈骨折约占全身骨折的2.5%,其治疗方法争议较多,因骨折类型、骨折严重度、患者年龄、骨质的不同而异,治疗结果也有较大差异。微创经皮撬拔空心钉内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折,肩周软组织刺激少,具有足够的抗折弯、抗旋转、抗拔除力,内固定较为稳定,有利于肩关节早期功能锻炼,从而缩短临床愈合时间。笔者采用微创经皮撬拔空心钉内固定法治疗肱骨外科颈骨折患者27例,并与传统经皮克氏针交叉固定法进行了疗效比较,现报告如下。     

肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨外科颈粉碎骨折

目的评价肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨外科颈粉碎骨折的疗效。方法采用肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗31例老年肱骨外科颈粉碎骨折。平均随访6个月（4-14个月）。结果术后无伤口感染、骨折不愈合和内固定松动发生。骨折愈合时间为术后2．5～6．1个月。肩关节功能按照Constant评分标准，功能优9例，良18例，中4例，优良率87．1％。结论肱骨近端锁定钢板对老年胧骨外科颈骨折固定可靠、并发症少，可早期功能锻炼，具有防止复位丢失、保护板下血运和骨折愈合快等优点。     

锁定加压钢板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的临床治疗分析

目的分析锁定加压钢板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的效果。方法对36例肱骨外科颈骨折患者运用锁定加压钢板治疗并观察治疗效果。结果本组患者均顺利完成手术,术后均Ⅰ期愈合,未出发生神经、血管损伤,感染及肱骨头坏死和骨折不愈合等并发症。患者均获6~18个月随访,按Neer肩关节评分标准:优良率88.89%(32/36)。结论肱骨近端锁定加压钢板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折,内固定牢靠,并发症少,可促进早期锻炼及良好恢复。     

锁定钢板生物学固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的临床研究

目的探讨解剖型锁定钢板生物学固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2005-03—2013-01应用解剖型锁定钢板生物学固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折组45例,并与普通解剖型钢板治疗组36例作对比,从手术时间、术中出血量、术后肩关节功能优良率以及并发症等方面将2组患者进行临床疗效对比。结果术后所有患者得到7~14个月的随访,平均8.5个月,术后均未出现伤口感染,骨折全部愈合,愈合时间为4.5~9个月,平均5.5个月。无一例发生退钉、断钉、钢板松动、畸形愈合和肱骨头坏死。术后患肢功能恢复:优23例,良20例,可2例,优良率为95.6%。结论解剖型锁定钢板生物学固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折具有并发症低、肩关节功能恢复好等优点,是治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的理想方法。     

闭合复位经皮克氏针固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的探讨闭合复位经皮克氏针交叉固定方法在儿童肱骨髁上骨折治疗中的应用。方法根据病情分别采取经内外侧穿针克氏针交叉固定和经外侧穿针克氏针交叉固定两种方法,术中注意进针部位和方向,避免神经损伤,术后石膏托固定。结果随访78例,时间12周～24个月(平均26.3周),骨折全部愈合。参照Flyun功能评定标准综合屈伸功能评价结果:优69例,良7例,一般2例,优良率97.4%。结论该方法具有微创、固定可靠、骨折愈合快、功能恢复好等优点,适用于大多数儿童肱骨髁上骨折的治疗。     

肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨外科颈骨折的体会

目的观察肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨外科颈骨折的临床效果。方法对38例老年肱骨外科颈骨折患者实施肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗并观察治疗效果。结果 38例患者均获骨性愈合,愈合时间2.90~5.25个月,平均3.92个月。随访7~24个月,未发生骨折畸形愈合、切口感染、缺血性肱骨头坏死、内固定松动断裂、肩关节撞击症、骨化性肌炎等并发症。根据Neer肩关节功能评分标准,优良率89.47%(34/38)。结论应用肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨外科颈骨折,创伤小、固定坚强、并发症少、可早期功能锻炼,功能恢复优良率高。     

手法复位联合小夹板外固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折临床效果观察

目的观察应用手法复位联合小夹板外固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的疗效。方法选取2008年5月~2012年5月入我院创伤骨科住院治疗的肱骨外科颈骨折患者80例。随机分为两组,观察组和对照组各40例。应用手法复位及夹板外固定治疗者为观察组,应用切开复位内固定者为对照组。结果观察组的骨折骨性愈合率及肩关节功能优良率均显示高于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用手法复位联合小夹板外固定方式治疗肱骨外科颈骨折,可得到骨折骨性愈合率高,功能锻炼早,软组织修复快的临床疗效。     

肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定治疗老年肱骨外科颈 NeerⅢ型骨折的疗效观察简

目的探讨采用肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨外科颈NeerⅢ型骨折的临床疗效。方法对38例老年肱骨外科颈NeerⅢ型骨折行切开复位锁定钢板内固定手术,根据骨折愈合情况和患肢肩关节功能评分评价术后功能恢复情况。结果38例获随访8～18个月,肩关节Neer评分：优21例,良11例,可5例,差1例,优良率84．2％。结论切开复位肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定是治疗老年肱骨外科颈NeerⅢ型骨折的有效方法。     

经三角肌入路锁定钢板内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折

目的探讨经三角肌入路锁定钢板内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的安全性及疗效。方法自2010-08—2013-01采用经三角肌入路治疗肱骨外科颈骨折32例,术中显露保护腋神经后复位骨折并用锁定钢板固定。观察手术情况、术后骨折复位和肩关节功能恢复情况。结果所有患者术后获得至少12个月,平均15个月的随访,所有骨折均获得愈合,未发生腋神经损伤,肩关节功能采用Neer评分系统评估,优良率90.6%。结论肩前外侧入路利用三角肌前中亚部肌间隙,能够显露和保护腋神经,直视下复位骨折钢板内固定,具有固定牢靠、创伤小、安全等特点。     

肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折

目的探讨锁定钢板内固定治疗中老年肱骨外科颈骨折的临床疗效。方法应用肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定治疗中老年肱骨外科颈骨折患者158例,对肩关节功能进行评价。结果患者均获随访,时间3～36个月,骨折愈合时间8～16周。根据Neer肩关节功能评定标准评定疗效：优38例,良92例,可24例,差4例。4例出现肱骨头坏死,但肩关节活动度尚好。优良率达82.28%。结论肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定治疗中老年肱骨外科颈骨折创伤小,固定可靠,临床疗效满意。     

肱骨近段锁定板结合植骨治疗肱骨外科颈Ⅱ、Ⅲ型骨折疗效观察

目的评价切开复位内固定加植骨治疗肱骨外科颈Ⅱ、Ⅲ型骨折的疗效。方法采用肱骨近段锁定板结合植骨治疗肱骨外科颈骨折21例,根据Neer分型,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型16例;其中二部分骨折5例,三部分骨折10例,四部分骨折6例。结果所有病例均随访6个月以上,骨折全部愈合,肩关节功能恢复满意,优良率85.7%。结论肱骨近段锁定板结合植骨有利于骨折断端愈合、肩关节功能的恢复,是治疗肱骨外科颈Ⅱ、Ⅲ型骨折的有效方法。     

交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的临床疗效

目的观察交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的临床疗效。方法应用肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨外科颈骨折21例．其中男6例,女15例;年龄35～78岁．平均58．3岁。结果所有患者随访6～18个月,以Neer评分评估其功能,优7例,良13例,可1例,优良率为95．24％。结论髓内钉治疗肱骨外科颈骨折．具有创伤小、操作简易、术后能早期功能锻炼、骨折愈合快、肩关节功能恢复快等优点．是一种值得推广的治疗方法。     

锁定钛板治疗老年肱骨外科颈骨折

目的探讨应用肱骨近端锁定钛板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的手术方法和疗效。方法应用肱骨近端锁定钛板治疗60岁以上肱骨外科颈骨折32例,对其疗效进行回顾性分析。结果本组32例均获随访,平均13（4～31）个月,骨折均在平均68（66～70）d内达到骨性愈合,肩关节功能按Neer评分法：优23例,良6例,可3例。结论锁定钛板设计合理,固定强度能达到早期功能锻炼的要求,而且手术时不需过多剥离软组织,减少肩袖损伤和肱骨头坏死的发生率,特别是其特殊的依靠钛板与螺钉之间的成角稳定性的固定方式更适合不同程度的骨质疏松老年肱骨外科颈患者,是治疗老年肱骨外科颈骨折的较好内固定方法。     

New intramedullary nail for the surgical neck fracture of the proximal humerus in elderly patients

Background Fractures of the proximal humerus are common and the repair of displaced fractures generally requires an operative approach. In elderly patients, osteoporosis makes internal fixation problematic and frequently contributes to failed fixation and poor clinical results. We have developed a new intramedullary nail (pin lock nail) for the repair of surgical neck fractures of the proximal humerus in patients with osteoporotic bones. A retrospective review is presented of the cases of 19 elderly patients with two-part or three-part fractures of the proximal humerus treated using the pin lock nail. Methods We treated 19 elderly patients with a mean age of 70.5 years. There were 13 two-part surgical neck fractures, 3 two-part surgical neck fractures with non-displaced greater tuberosity fracture, and 3 three-part surgical neck fractures with greater tuberosity fracture. All fractures were treated using the pin lock nail. Clinical results were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score at the last follow-up examination. On radiographic evaluation, duration to bone union of the fracture, backing out of the pin and screw, penetration of the proximal pin, and varus angulations of the humeral neck were examined. Results Mean duration of follow-up was 14 months (range 6–54 months). All fractures had united at an average of 3.3 months after surgery. No backing out of the pin and screw or penetration of the proximal locking pin was seen at the time of last follow-up. Thirteen of the 16 patients had no or minimal varus angulations of the humeral neck (≤10°). The mean overall JOA score was 84.3 points (range 65.5–100). Conclusions Our data show that using the pin lock nail for the treatment of two-part and three-part humeral fractures is a reliable procedure, providing good results with careful postoperative management.     

Two-part fractures of the proximal humerus

Between 1981 and 1991, 137 patients had 141 two-part proximal humerus fractures. One hundred thirteen surgical neck, 24 greater tuberosity, 2 anatomic neck, and 2 lesser tuberosity fractures were studied. Eleven patients had died in the interim; the remaining cases were reviewed. The mean age of patients with surgical neck fractures was 57 years (range 20 to 91 years), and 62.8% (71 cases) were women. In 38% of cases there was another significant medical problem. Eighty (70.8%) cases were treated with a sling and early isometric and pendulum exercises. Bony union was obtained in an average of 3.2 months (range 2 to 8 months), and 87.5% achieved satisfactory function. The mean age of patients with greater tuberosity fractures was 37 years (range 20 to 59 years), and 79.2% (19 cases) were men. Ten (41.7%) cases were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, and the remainder were treated without surgery. All patients improved to a satisfactory level of function. Anatomic neck fractures (two) were treated with surgery. Lesser tuberosity fractures (two) were treated conservatively and had good functional results. It appears that conservative measures when coupled with early isometric and pendulum exercises produce a satisfactory result in surgical neck fractures. Similarly, conservative treatment for nondisplaced greater tuberosity fractures and operative intervention for displaced fractures resulted in satisfactory function. Lesser tuberosity fractures without limitation of motion appear to do well with a sling and early motion.     

应用AO特殊钢板治疗近关节骨折（附45例报告）

目的：探讨AO特殊钢板在肢体近关节骨折的治疗效果。方法：1998年6月以来应用AO特殊钢板治疗肢体近关节骨折45例,其中股骨粗隆部骨折28例用动力髋螺钉（Dynamic Hip Screw,DHS)固定;股骨髁上、髁间骨折7例用髁钢板及动力髁螺钉（Dynamic Condyle Screw,DCS)固定;Pilon骨折6例用1／3环形腓骨钢板及三叶蓿形支持钢板固定;肱骨外科颈骨折4例用T形支持钢板固定。结果：平均随访10个月,股骨粗隆间及髁上髁间骨折,肱骨外科颈骨折在术后3－4个月骨愈合,Pilon骨折有4例在术后6个月骨愈合。本组未出现手术并发症,关节功能恢复满意。结论：AO特殊钢板的设计合理,组织相容性好,对复杂近关节骨折能起到坚强固定,满足关节早期功能锻炼的作用,疗效优良。     

Technique of Kirschner wire reduction and fixation of displaced two-part valgus angulated proximal humerus fractures at the surgical neck

This article describes the technique of closed reduction with percutaneous fixation using Kirschner wires in helping the reduction of two-part valgus angulated and displaced proximal humerus fractures at the surgical neck. Traditional open reduction may lead to more accurate anatomic reduction; however, extensive tissue dissection increases the risk of avascular necrosis. Thus, closed reduction of unstable fracture mostly required forceful reduction maneuvers, which can harm the vascular supply and increase hematoma formation. Reduction of the fractured sides can easily be performed by engaging Kirschner -wires with a joystick method and fixation can be secured by using threaded pins. Thirty-six consecutive patients with displaced, two-part, valgus-angulated proximal humerus fractures at the surgical neck were treated by this method. The patients were followed for an average of 38 months. All fractures healed. According to the Constant scoring system, 21 patients (58%) had excellent, 9 patients (25%) had good, and 6 patients (17%) had fair results. The technique of closed reduction with a joystick method and percutaneous fixation is regarded as a reasonable treatment alternative in displaced two-part valgus angulated proximal humerus fracture.