色素内镜和窄带成像技术在Barrett食管诊断中的作用

食管腺癌的发病率不断上升，可能与Barrett食管密切相关。由于进展期肿瘤的预后较差，早期诊断、监测和干预特殊肠化生上皮、异型增生和早期癌变对提高患者的生存率至关重要。本文介绍了色素内镜和窄带成像技术的原理及其在诊断Barrett食管病变中的作用。     

窄带成像技术结合放大内镜在Barrett管诊断中的价值

正常的食管黏膜应为鳞状上皮,长期的胃食管反流会使食管下段的鳞状上皮被柱状上皮替代,形成Barrett食管(BE).窄带成像技术(NBI)是近年来应用在内镜检查中的一项新技术,通过不同波长的窄带光波增加了黏膜上皮和黏膜下血管模式的对比度和清晰度,与放大内镜结合可以清楚地显示黏膜微血管和腺管结构形态,有利于判断病变性质[1,2].本研究采用NBI结合放大内镜与普通胃镜对发现的BE病灶进行观察和诊断,并与病理检查结果进行比较,探讨其在发现和诊断Barrett食管的应用价值.     

内镜窄带成像技术在Barrett食管诊治中的应用

[目的]探讨内镜窄带成像技术（narrow band imaging,NBI）在Barrett食管（Barrett’s esophagus,BE）诊治中的应用价值。[方法]选择2008年9月～2011年2月内镜检测的BE患者200例,按普通内镜、NBI模式依次观察,评价各检查方法图像的清晰度,在改变最显著部位进行靶向活检;监测组中经组织学确诊且愿意接受内镜干预的病理BE患者100例进入治疗组,随机在普通内镜或NBI定位下行相应治疗各50例,术后2、6个月应用NBI对原病灶处进行复查。[结果]监测组在普通内镜、NBI模式下活检的病理BE符合率分别为57.0%（57/100）、83.0%（83/100）,NBI对BE病灶显示的清晰度、检出率均明显高于普通模式。治疗组患者在普通内镜、NBI模式定位下行相应的内镜治疗,术后2个月原病灶处创面均已愈合,术后6个月复发分别为32.0%（16/50）,10.0%（5/50）,NBI定位下治疗效果明显高于普通模式。[结论]NBI对BE病变大小、轮廓显示清晰,有助于病灶靶向活检,显著提高BE的检出率;指导＂靶向定位＂局灶性切除,明显提高内镜下治疗效果。     

窄带成像技术在Barrett食管诊断中的作用

[目的]为早期发现和诊断Barrett食管(BE)肠上皮化生(IM)细胞等癌前病变方法.[方法]选择2009年1月～2011年1月间在我院行胃镜检查的78例患者,按普通内镜、内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)各39例进行活检,观察其IM和不典型增生(ATP)检出率,进行病理活检,比较前后差异.[结果]NBI病理活检IM和ATP检出率明显高于普通胃镜(P＜0.00).[结论]NBI作为一种新型的内镜检查系统,不仅操作简单,且病变轮廓显示清晰,对BE进行靶向病理活检具有良好指导意义和临床实用价值.     

窄带成像辅助氩等离子凝固术治疗Barrett食管的临床应用

目的 探讨内镜窄带成像技术（NBI）辅助氩等离子凝固术（APC）治疗Barrett食管的价值.方法 86例经内镜检查及病理诊断的Barrett食管,分别在普通模式及NBI模式下观察食管黏膜,以NBI放大观察病变的腺管开口形态及毛细血管结构形态.对所有NBI阳性部位均取活检,并以病理结果为标准,随机分为两组.Barrett食管的诊断时都用NBI内镜,治疗组42例,在NBI内镜辅助下进行APC治疗,内镜进入食管后,把APC探针经活检钳孔道伸出镜外1 cm,定位于需治疗黏膜1～2 cm处,以保证APC安全使用;对照组44例,在普通内镜下行APC治疗.于第3、6个月对两组进行内镜及病理随访.结果 两组治疗后第3、6个月从内镜、病理随访的有效率来看,治疗组与对照组的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 NBI辅助APC治疗Barrett食管能有效逆转Barrett上皮,并提高高级别上皮瘤样变的检出率,减少Barrett上皮逆转的治疗次数,且能部分缓解功能性胃肠病的症状,治疗安全.     

NBI诊断Barrett食管伴特殊肠化生的临床价值

目的:探讨内镜窄带成像技术(narrow-band imaging,NBI)对诊断Barrett食管(Barrett’s esophagus,BE)伴特殊肠上皮化生(specialized intestinal metaplasia,SIM)的临床应用价值.方法:选择2012-01/2012-12经胃镜检查诊断为内镜BE的患者47例,按普通内镜、NBI顺序进行观察,对图像的清晰度进行比较;放大观察BE黏膜的腺管开口形态及浅表毛细血管结构形态,并对腺管开口形态进行Goda分型,于改变最显著部位取活检进行病理检查,将诊断结果与最终病理诊断结果进行对比分析,统计SIM检出率.结果:两者对鳞-柱状上皮交界处病变轮廓、BE黏膜的腺管开口形态及毛细血管结构的显示有统计学差异,NBI明显优于普通内镜.NBI下根据Goda分型,其Ⅳ型及Ⅴ型检出SIM的准确性、敏感性及特异性分别达92%、85%及94%.结论:NBI对病变轮廓、BE黏膜腺管开口及浅表毛细血管结构形态显示更加清晰,能提高SIM的检出率,具有良好的临床实用价值.     

内镜窄带成像技术在早期胃癌及异型增生诊断中的应用

目的探讨内镜窄带成像技术（NBI）对早期胃癌及异型增生的诊断价值。方法217例普通胃镜和（或）NBI下表现异常者,依次采用普通放大、NBI结合放大、靛胭脂染色并放大观察,评价各检查方法图像的清晰度,并在NBI模式下于改变最显著部位活检行病理学检查。胃癌和重度异型增生者行内镜超声检查（EUS）,早期胃癌和重度异型增生者行内镜下治疗或手术治疗。结果在观察病变轮廓方面,NBI与染色内镜或普通内镜之间差异均有统计学意义,NBI最清晰,尤其是对于局灶性浅表性病变的观察;对于胃小凹的形态观察,NBI或染色内镜均优于普通内镜;在对胃黏膜微血管的观察中,NBI具有绝对优势。217例中发现轻度异型增生19例,中度异型增生9例,重度异型增生4例,早期胃癌5例。NBI模式下,胃小凹形态分为6种类型,异型增生主要表现为Ⅴ1型及Ⅳ型,早期胃癌主要表现为Ⅵ型。NBI放大内镜下3例早期胃癌可见新生或粗大血管,其中2例观察到螺旋形毛细血管。结论NBI技术操作简便,对胃黏膜病变轮廓显示清晰,放大后更可清晰观察到胃小凹及微血管形态,有助于提高早期胃癌及异型增生的靶向活检准确率。     

内镜窄带成像技术在结肠肿瘤诊断中的价值

目的 将内镜窄带成像技术（NBI）、色素内镜检查结果与病理学检查结果进行对比,探讨NBI在结肠肿瘤诊断中的价值。方法78例患者96个结肠病变进行NBI放大观察并与染色放大内镜观察和最终病理结果进行比较。结果普通肠镜发现息肉的敏感性为78．7％,切换NBI后,能清楚显示息肉性病变的形态和边界,发现息肉的敏感性99％。放大NBI肠镜对于Ⅱ型,Ⅲ1型,Ⅳ型,ⅤN型息肉腺管开口的图像与色素内镜图像有较好的相似性,NBI对于腺管开口的识别能力明显优于普通结肠镜,但是次于色素内镜。NBI对息肉表面血管形态进行分类对判断结肠是否有肿瘤的能力,其敏感性为100％,特异性为87．8％,同样明显优于普通结肠镜,而次于色素内镜。结论NBI肠镜及色素内镜均能提高发现结肠息肉的特异性、敏感性。色素内镜能清晰显示病变表面结构和腺管开口,使内镜下对于肿瘤与非肿瘤的鉴别诊断接近病理诊断。NBI放大肠镜能清晰显示息肉表面的毛细血管形态,较好地区分肿瘤与非肿瘤。NBI内镜切换简单快捷,便于全结肠观察,利于发现早期结肠肿瘤。     

内镜窄带成像技术在早期食管癌及癌前病变诊断中的应用

目的 探讨内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)在食管癌及癌前病变诊断中的价值.方法 对205例患者采用普通胃镜及胃镜NBI检查食管,病灶取病理活检,食管癌及中重度异型增生者进入本研究,比较普通胃镜及胃镜NBI对食管癌及中重度异型增生的诊断价值,分析食管癌及癌前病变的NBI表现.结果 普通放大胃镜不易观察到食管上皮内血管,NBI观察食管黏膜呈淡青色,放大观察可清楚地观察到茶色的食管上皮内血管及青色的深层血管.NBI观察早期食管癌及异型增生病灶呈茶色,病灶处深层血管不能显示.5例中重度异型增生及2例m1癌病灶的上皮乳头内血管环(IPCL)均表现为IPCL-Type Ⅳ-1型改变,2例m2癌为IPCL-Type Ⅳ-2型改变;3例m3及1例sm1癌为IPCL-Type Ⅳ-3型改变;3例sm2及8例进展期癌为IPCL-Type Ⅳ-4型改变.结论 NBI可观察食管黏膜及黏膜下的血管改变,较普通胃镜更易发现早期食管癌及癌前病变病灶.     

内镜窄带成像与染色技术诊断大肠肿瘤的对比研究

目的通过窄带成像技术（NBI）和染色放大方法对大肠新生性病变进行观察，比较这两种技术对大肠肿瘤及非肿瘤性病变的鉴别诊断精度差异。方法2006年6月至9月间，共302例年龄在加至80岁之间的患者进行了NBI肠镜检查，其中98例入选。内镜插入至回盲部，退镜时分别采用常规模式、NBI模式观察，发现病变后，分别用NBI模式及染色放大方法进行血管分型及腺管开口分型，然后行病理检查进行评价比较。结果在98例患者发现新生性病变147个，其中常规内镜下发现的病变有90．5％（133／147），采用NBI发现病变有98．6％（145／147），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），漏诊的主要为平坦型病变。NBI观察对肿瘤性或非肿瘤的判断符合率为91．8％，染色内镜为82．3％（P〈0.01）。结论NBI技术观察黏膜表面变化，判断肿瘤或非肿瘤病变的符合率比普通内镜和染色内镜高，敏感性强；操作转换简单易行，尤其有利于平坦型病变的发现及诊断。     

放大胃镜结合窄带成像技术在早期胃癌诊断中的应用价值研究

目的通过分析放大胃镜结合窄带成像技术（ME—NBI）诊断早期胃癌的准确性,评价其临床应用价值。方法2010年3月至2010年12月行普通白光内镜（WLE）检查发现局灶性病变且年龄大于35岁的143例患者150处病灶纳入研究,局灶性病变包括黏膜形态异常（隆起、凹陷及粗糙不平整）和黏膜色泽异常（较周围黏膜发红或发白）,将进展期胃癌、黏膜下病变及有胃手术史者排除出研究。所有患者签署知情同意书后接受ME—NBI检查,参照国外最新相关文献研究结果,研究中初步建立了一个ME-NBI诊断早期胃癌的国内标准,以此标准对病变作出诊断。所有病变进行组织活检后送检病理,以病理组织学诊断为金标准,分析ME-NBI诊断早期胃癌的准确性。结果150处局灶性病变中,病理组织学证实非癌性病变为131处,癌性病变19处（8处病变行内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗,11处病变行手术治疗）。WLE诊断早期胃癌的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为94．7％、53．4％、22．8％、98．6％和58．7％,ME-NBI对应值分别为73．7％、99．2％、93．3％、96．3％和96．0％,ME-NBI诊断早期胃癌的准确性明显高于WLE（P〈0．05）。黏膜腺管开口形态紊乱不规则或消失、微血管形态紊乱不规则或毛细血管网消失是早期胃癌在ME—NBI下最为特征性的改变。结论WLE仍是早期胃癌筛查首选的检查方法,对疑似病变进一步行ME—NBI检查具有重要意义,如条件不允许则要尽可能地进行组织学活检;提出的ME-NBI诊断标准诊断早期胃癌的准确性令人满意,但最终还需要进行多中心的研究来进一步验证。     

放大内镜窄带成像对慢性胃炎的诊断价值

目的探讨放大内镜窄带成像对慢性胃炎的诊断价值。方法110例患者接受放大内镜窄带成像检查,根据Tahara分型将观察到的胃黏膜细微结构分为0型、Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型,并与相应部位活检的病理组织学进行比较分析。结果放大内镜窄带成像下胃黏膜超微结构与胃炎的组织病理五个指标均明显相关,且与炎症的严重程度相关。从0型到Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型,反映了慢性胃炎病变发展由轻到重的一个过程。其中萎缩、肠化主要见于Ⅲ型。结论放大内镜窄带成像下胃黏膜分型与病理组织学存在密切关系,通过放大内镜窄带成像准确识别胃黏膜超微结构将有助于对萎缩、肠化生等常见胃黏膜病变的诊断。     

Magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy is superior in diagnosis of early gastric cancer

AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of white light endoscopy, magnifying endoscopy (ME), and magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy (ME-NBI) in detecting early gastric cancer (EGC).METHODS: From March 2010 to June 2012, a total of 3616 patients received screening for gastric cancer by magnifying endoscopy. There were 3675 focal gastric lesions detected using conventional high definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) in four different referential hospitals that were recruited for further investigation using ME and ME-NBI. The images obtained from HD-WLE, ME, and ME-NBI were reviewed by four experienced endoscopists to evaluate their diagnostic effectiveness for EGC. The diagnosis of cancerous and non-cancerous lesions was conducted by evaluating the microvascular and microsurface patterns using the VS classification system. The final endoscopic diagnosis of each lesion was determined by consultation when a disagreement occurred. We used histopathological results as the gold standard for the diagnosis of EGC.RESULTS: Among the 3675 lesions found, 1508 were validated by pathological findings as chronic gastritis, 1279 as chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, 631 as low-grade neoplasia, and 257 as EGC. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of HD-WLE for the diagnosis of EGC were 71.2%, 99.1%, 85.5%, 97.9% and 97.1%, respectively. The results of ME for diagnosing EGC were 81.3%, 98.8%, 83.3%, 98.6% and 97.6%, respectively. The results of ME-NBI for the diagnosis of EGC were 87.2%, 98.6%, 82.1%, 99.0% and 97.8%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of paired ME and ME-NBI were significantly better than those of HD-WLE (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: HD-WLE has a relatively high accuracy for diagnosing EGC and is an effective screening tool. Further investigations of ME and ME-NBI are required to achieve superior accuracy.     

Value of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging in diagnosis of 124 early gastric neoplastic lesions

<正>Objective To investigate the value of intervening part(IP)ratio under magnifying endoscopy with narrowband imaging(ME-NBI)in the diagnosis of early gastric neoplastic lesions.Methods From September 2012 to May 2015,a total of 124 patients with suspected superficial gastric neoplastic lesions under white light endoscope(WLI)were enrolled,87 male with mean age of(63.2±     

窄带成像技术普通内镜诊断大肠肿瘤的价值

目的探讨窄带成像技术普通内镜（NBI）诊断大肠肿瘤的临床价值。方法 2012年6月至2012年8月行常规内镜和NBI普通内镜检查的患者225例,对发现的大肠新生性病变记录腺管开口形态,将NBI内镜诊断和病理组织学诊断结果进行对比分析,并比较NBI内镜与常规内镜在鉴别肿瘤性和非肿瘤性病变的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果 NBI普通内镜对腺管开口类型的判断接近病理水平,鉴别病变是否为肿瘤的敏感性、特异性、准确率分别为93.6%,91.7%和93.0%,显著高于常规内镜（P〈0.01）。结论 NBI普通内镜能较准确判断病变的性质,为鉴别是否为肿瘤性病变的更有效的内镜方法。     

Usefulness of magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy for the diagnosis of gastric and colorectal lesions

A series of studies about the potential usefulness of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI) for the diagnosis of gastric and colonic lesion is reviewed. Concerning the magnifying NBI appearances of gastric lesions, a light blue crest is a highly accurate sign of the presence of histological intestinal metaplasia. Also, the degree of irregularity of the mucosal and vascular pattern is correlated with the histological severity of Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis. According to the 'VS classification', an irregular microvascular pattern and/or an irregular microsurface pattern together with a clear demarcation line are characteristic for early gastric carcinoma, and a multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial demonstrated that magnifying endoscopy with NBI is superior to ordinary white light endoscopy for making a differential diagnosis of a small depressed lesion between carcinoma and non-carcinoma. Concerning the magnifying NBI appearances of colonic tumor, the vague or invisible microvascular pattern is mostly observed in hyperplastic polyp. The regular meshed microvascular pattern is mostly observed in adenoma. The irregular meshed microvascular pattern is mostly observed in intramucosal or shallow submucosal-invasive carcinoma. The decreased or loose microvasucular pattern is mostly observed in deep submucosal-invasive carcinoma. Thus, magnifying NBI endoscopy is useful for the differentiation of colorectal non-adenomatous lesions from adenoma, the differentiation of adenoma from carcinoma, and the assessment of invasion depth of early colorectal carcinoma. At present, several magnifying NBI classifications for the diagnosis of early colorectal neoplasia have been proposed in Japan. Recently, the NICE classification based on NBI findings with/without magnification for colorectal tumor was established by an international group.     

窄带成像放大内镜诊断胃黏膜上皮内瘤变的临床价值

目的探讨窄带成像放大内镜(NBI-ME)诊断胃黏膜上皮内瘤变的临床应用价值。方法选择2013-04~2015-08行普通白光胃镜(WLE)检查发现局灶性病变且自愿接受NIB-ME检查的100例患者作为研究对象,行NBI-ME检查观察病变的胃黏膜、毛细血管形态,并分别依据Sakami分型标准以及Yao分类标准对胃黏膜及毛细血管形态进行判断,之后对病变进行活检,将NBI-ME观察到的胃黏膜以及毛细血管形态分型与病理结果进行比较。结果经内镜检查显示,100例局灶性病变最终病理组织学证实炎症31例(31.0%),低级别上皮内瘤变44例(44.0%),高级别上皮内瘤变25例(25.0%),其中早期胃癌18例(18.0%)。WLE诊断上皮内瘤变的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、符合率分别为58.7%、35.3%、62.7%、29.3%、49.0%;NBI-ME诊断上皮内瘤变的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、符合率分别为84.4%、43.5%、83.3%、45.5%、75.0%,NBI-ME诊断胃黏膜上皮内瘤变的符合率明显高于WLE(75.0%vs49.0%,P0.05)。结论 NBI-ME在胃黏膜上皮内瘤变的诊断中具有较高的临床价值。     

Mucosal ablation in Barrett''s esophagus

Barrett's esophagus is a prevalent, premalignant condition affecting the gastroesophageal junction and distal esophagus. Ablation plus antireflux therapy has recently been advocated to prevent the development of adenocarcinoma or to treat those unfit or unwilling to undergo esophagectomy. The present article, based on a search of Medline/ISI databases and cross-referencing of relevant articles, reviews the literature on this subject. A number of techniques have been used to remove the affected mucosa, including laser, electrocoagulation, argon plasma coagulation and photodynamic therapy but, as yet, none has been shown to be superior. Depending on the method used, ablation results in complete removal of Barrett's esophagus in approximately one third of patients and a partial response in nearly two-thirds. The resultant squamous mucosa is apparently 'normal' but may regress. To promote and maintain regeneration, antireflux therapy must be sufficient to reduce repetitive injury to the esophageal mucosa. Whether ablation reduces the cancer risk or delays its occurrence is unknown, though recent data suggests benefit. Complications are infrequent and usually mild. Regular follow-up endoscopy and deep biopsies continue to be necessary. Careful data from much larger populations with long-term follow-up is required before ablation reaches the stage of broad clinical application.