后房型人工晶状体植入对青光眼滤过泡及眼压的影响

目的：探讨后房型人工晶状体植入对青光眼滤过泡及眼压的影响。方法：对25例26眼曾作过青光眼滤过性手术的白内障经颞下方角膜缘切口行白内障囊外摘除（ECCE）联合后房型人工晶状体（PC－IOL）植入手术。平均随访24．6个月。结果：视力≥0．5的有12（46．1％）;滤过泡无明显改变16眼（63．8％）,减少7眼（26．9％）,增大3眼（11．5％）;用或不用眼药能控制眼压占24眼（92．2％）;用或不用眼药能控制眼压占24眼（92．2％）,平均眼压为15．97mmHg;视野无明显改变占20眼（76．9％。结论经颞下方有膜缘切口行ECCE及PC－IOL植 已存青光眼滤过泡眼获得良好的视功能和眼压的稳定是一安全有效的方法。     

Extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in glaucomatous eyes

Two hundred ninety-six eyes of 250 patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with or without the implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) were studied. Pre-existing glaucoma of varying severity was present in 139 eyes and no known ocular pathology other than cataract in 157 eyes. During the first eight weeks following surgery, intraocular pressure elevations greater than or equal to 15 mmHg above baseline were seen in 23% of glaucomatous eyes controlled before surgery with glaucoma medications, in 39% of glaucomatous eyes controlled before surgery with argon laser trabeculoplasty, and in only 3% of nonglaucomatous eyes. The implantation of a PC-IOL did not influence the incidence of postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations. Among glaucomatous eyes with severe preoperative visual field loss (split fixation or central island less than or equal to 10 degrees), 9.7% had worsening of visual field after surgery. Open angle glaucoma of unclear etiology developed in 1.4% of normal eyes following uncomplicated ECCE with PC-IOL implantation. Surgical techniques the authors have found useful in glaucomatous eyes undergoing ECCE with PC-IOL implantation are discussed.     

Glaucoma triple procedure comprising trabeculotomy with a fornix-based scleral flap

A new triple surgery procedure was applied to 20 primary open-angle glaucomatous (POAG) eyes. This technique comprises trabeculotomy with narrow (2–3 mm) fornix-based scleral flap, combined with extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation. As to surgical results, at two years postsurgery 53% (9/17) of the eyes were controlled under 21 mm Hg without medication, 35% (6/17) with topical medication alone. Eighteen (90%) eyes showed improved visual acuity of two or more Snellen lines. No serious postoperative complications occurred. There was no significant difference in postoperative astigmatism as compared with ordinary ECCE and PC-IOL surgery. Trabeculotomy with fornix-based scleral flap offers the advantage of simple and safe surgery when combined with ECCE and PC-IOL implantation.Abbreviations POAG primary open-angle glaucomatous - ECCE extracapsular cataract extraction - PC-IOL posterior chamber intraocular lens - IOP intraocular pressure     

小切口联合手术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障20例

目的:观察小切口白内障囊外摘除、后房型人工晶状体植入联合房角分离、小梁切除术（简称联合手术）治疗慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法:对20例26眼慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者施行联合手术,术后观察视力、房角、眼压及滤过泡和并发症情况,随访4~10mo。结果:所有患者术后视力均有不同程度提高,术后房角可见不同程度的开放,周边虹膜粘连范围缩小,所有眼压控制在正常范围,22眼存在功能性滤过泡,主要并发症是前房出血、短暂角膜水肿。结论:采用联合手术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障能够有效控制眼压、提高视力,手术安全、有效。     

小梁切除联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效观察

目的：为了观察不同类型青光眼伴有白内障病人的小梁切除联合白内障超声乳化吸除并后房型人工晶状体植入三联术后3个月的视力、眼压以及并发症发生的情况。方法：82例（91只眼）,青光眼合并白内障患者行小梁切除联合超声乳化后房型人工晶体植入。结果：术后3个平均眼压低于15mmHg(1mmHg－0．134kPa）,平均视力好于0．54。结论：小梁切除联合白内障超声乳化吸除并后房型人工晶状体植入术具有切口小,眼压控制好,滤过泡形佳,能获得一定的视力。     

Effect of intraocular lens implantation on combined extracapsular cataract extraction with trabeculectomy: a comparative study.

In an attempt to assess the effect of posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation on the outcome of combined extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and trabeculectomy we compared 23 eyes subjected to ECCE and trabeculectomy with 23 eyes subjected to a triple procedure-that is, with the addition of IOL implantation. The results showed that IOL implantation did not have a detrimental effect on postoperative IOP reduction, gain in visual acuity, or needs for antiglaucoma medication. The incidence of anterior chamber reactions consisting of the development of posterior synechiae and fibrin formation was significantly higher when IOL had been implanted. However, the fibrin was generally absorbed within 14 days and the posterior synechiae did not occlude the visual axis. We conclude that IOL implantation should be included in these combined operations with the object of rehabilitating visual function.     

A prospective study of intraocular pressure four months after extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of posterior chamber lenses

Sixty-six consecutive cases of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and sulcus implantation of a posterior chamber lens had intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements recorded four months postoperatively. These results were compared to the fellow unoperated eyes, as well as to a group of 64 patients, whom we reported previously, who had intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) and implantation of an anterior chamber lens. The ECCE and posterior chamber lens group demonstrated a significant reduction in the IOP of the operated eye after four months (P less than 0.001), with none of the patients having an IOP greater than 20 mm Hg. No significant IOP change could be demonstrated in the fellow eye (0.1 less than P less than 0.2). We found a significant difference between the ECCE and ICCE groups in the IOP of the operated eye (P less than 0.001).     

三联手术治疗青光眼合并白内障

目的 探讨青光眼合并白内障施行三联手术的方法，评价其疗效。方法 对11眼青光眼合并白内障实行白内障囊外摘出、后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗；对8眼实行白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术。结果 术后平均随访9．6月，19眼眼压均低于21mmHg(1mmHg=0．133kPa)；视力提高16眼(84．2％)。术后并发症有角膜水肿、浅前房。结论 三联手术治疗青光眼合并白内障是安全有效的。     

抗青光眼滤过术后白内障摘除术对眼内压长期影响的临床观察

目的探讨抗青光眼滤过术后白内障摘除术对眼内压的长期影响。方法对抗青光眼滤过术后白内障患者69例69眼随机分为三组,分别采用颞侧角巩膜缘切口白内障囊外摘除及人工晶状体植入术(简称ECCE组)(18例18眼)、颞侧角巩膜缘隧道切口超声乳化白内障吸除及人工晶体植入术(简称角巩膜缘超声乳化组)(25例25眼)和上方透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障吸除及折叠式人工晶体植入术(简称透明角膜超声乳化组)(26例26眼),术后平均随访26个月,分别观察眼压和视力并进行比较。结果ECCE组、角巩膜缘超声乳化组、透明角膜超声乳化组术后最后一次随访时平均眼压升高分别为2.75mmHg,1.82mmHg和1.68mmHg,与术前比较,差异均无统计学意义(>0.05);视力改善分别为12眼(70.6%)、23眼(92.0%)和24眼(92.3%);ECCE组与角巩膜缘超声乳化组和透明角膜超声乳化组比较,术后效果低于两种超声乳化组,差异有统计学意义(<0.05),两种超声乳化组间比较,差异无统计学意义(>O.05)。结论抗青光眼滤过术后三种白内障摘除术术后眼压均可有效控制,视力改善,超声乳化白内障吸除术尤其是经透明角膜切口折叠式人工晶体植入术术后长期对眼压影响小,视力恢复快,是目前此类白内障手术的最佳术式。     

青光眼术后颞侧小切口白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术应用观察

目的探讨青光眼术后颞侧小切口非超乳白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术的疗效。方法对27例（36眼）青比眼滤过术后白内障患并采用颞上象限或颞侧小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶体情入术,术后随访3-12个月,观察术后视力、眼压及并发症。结果 34眼术后视力均有明显提高,2眼视力不变术中术后未见严重并发症,术后平均眼压（13.26±3.48）mmHg。功能性滤过泡保留完整,未见瘢痕化及渗漏。结论颞侧小切口非超乳白内障摘除及人工晶体植入手术对青光眼术后白内障患者操作简单,视力提高明显,术后并发症少,眼压控制稳定。     

Acute elevations of intraocular pressure following Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy

We performed applanation tonometry preoperatively, hourly for the first four postoperative hours and on the first postoperative day in 66 eyes after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in order to determine the nature of the acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and the risk factors involved. Forty-one percent of eyes developed an intraocular pressure greater than 30 mmHg and 14% greater than 40 mmHg. The IOP spike occurred on the second postoperative hour in 35% of eyes. Patients with controlled glaucoma prior to capsulotomy had a significantly lower mean IOP rise than patients without glaucoma. Eyes with posterior chamber IOLs were less likely to develop an IOP greater than 30 mmHg than were aphakic eyes without IOLs. There was no correlation between the laser energy or the size of the capsulotomy and the IOP rise.     

玻璃体手术后白内障摘出术的技巧

目的　分析进行过玻璃体手术的患者行现代白内障囊外摘出术 (ex-tracapsular cataractextraction,ECCE)的特殊性及手术技巧。方法　 2 0例玻璃体切割术后患者再次入院行 ECCE,术中用前房维持器 (anterior cham berm aintainer,ACM)维持前房深度后进行手术。结果　全部患者术后眼压正常 ,未见视网膜脱离复发及脉络膜脱离 ,术后视力均有所提高。结论　这类患者无玻璃体填充 ,一旦切开前房即会出现眼内房水流出 ,眼压过低而造成眼球壁塌陷 ,使得白内障手术操作困难 ,我院采用 ACM持续灌注及自闭式切口维持眼球内压力 ,取得较好临床效果。     

Control of intraocular pressure in glaucomatous eyes after extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation

Two hundred sixty eyes of 195 patients having extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens were studied retrospectively. Of these cases, 160 eyes had preexisting glaucoma while 100 had no ocular pathology except for cataract. Intraocular pressure decreased significantly after ECCE in both groups and slowly returned to baseline within two years. The average postoperative visual acuity was better in the control group than in the glaucoma group. Patients with glaucoma were controlled with less medication after surgery. We believe that ECCE with insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens can be safely performed in glaucoma patients and has a beneficial effect on the control of glaucoma.     

Comparison of the cellular response on intraocular lenses implanted in rabbit eyes with and without extracapsular lens extraction

Three-piece poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lenses (IOLs) were implanted in rabbit eyes with and without lens extraction to examine the cellular response on the IOL surface without the effects of the residual lens cortex. Each rabbit had extracapsular lens extraction (ECCE) with IOL implantation in the posterior chamber of one eye. In the second eye, the IOL was implanted in the anterior chamber without lens extraction. The lenses were removed and studied with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy one week after surgery. Light microscopic findings revealed a similar cellular response on the surface of the IOLs in both groups. Scanning electron microscopy suggested that the cellular adhesiveness on the IOL surface in the eyes without lens extraction was weaker than in the eyes that had ECCE. Cells on the IOLs in the eyes without lens extraction were flatter and had membranous pseudopodia. It appears that the cells on the IOL surface were caused by a foreign body reaction and that their adhesiveness to the IOL was affected by residual lens cortex.     

Posterior chamber lenses and glaucoma

The intraocular pressure of 100 glaucomatous eyes was followed up after extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber lens. The cataract extraction techniques employed were KPE (33), ECCE (41), ECCE with iridotomy and iris suture (15), and ECCE with iridotomy and iris suture after previous fistulizing procedures. The follow-up examinations were performed 5.5 and 16.4 months after surgery. About 1.5 years after the cataract extraction the intraocular pressure of all eyes had decreased on average by 2-3 mm Hg. The number of drug-dependent eyes decreased to 30% as compared to the situation prior to extraction. Only those patients who had undergone ECCE with iridoplasty after previous fistulizing procedures had a slightly increased, though not statistically significant pressure elevation. The proportion of drug-dependent patients in this group was also almost the same as before surgery. Follow-up at 5.5 and 16.4 months revealed no major differences in the pressure level or the number of drug-dependent glaucomatous eyes.     

The outcome of the functioning filter after subsequent cataract extraction

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the outcome of functioning filtration surgery followed by cataract surgery with posterior intraocular lens implantation by both phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) techniques in glaucomatous eyes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical course of 77 eyes (68 patients) that after successful trabeculectomy, underwent cataract surgery by either phacoemulsification or ECCE techniques. We determined the frequency of partial and absolute failure following cataract surgery by either phacoemulsification or ECCE in eyes with functioning trabeculectomies. Partial failure of intraocular pressure (IOP), control after cataract extraction was defined as the need for an increased number of antiglaucoma medications or argon laser trabeculoplasty to maintain IOP < or =21mm Hg. Complete failure of IOP control after cataract surgery was defined as an IOP >21 mm Hg on at least two consecutive measurements one or more weeks apart or the performance of additional filtration surgery. Failure rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier actuarial method. Failure rates between phacoemulsification and ECCE subgroups were compared using the log rank test. RESULTS: The probability of partial failure by the third postoperative year after cataract surgery was 39.5% in the phacoemulsification subgroup and 37.3% in the ECCE subgroup. This small difference is not statistically significant (P = 0.48). The probability of complete failure by the fourth postoperative year after cataract surgery was 12.0% in the phacoemulsification subgroup and 12.5% in the ECCE subgroup. This difference is also not statistically significant (P = 0.77). At the 6-month follow-up visit, visual acuity of both groups improved one or more lines in 87.0% of patients, and worsened one or more lines in 3.9% of patients. Sixty-one percent achieved visual acuity of 20/40 or better. The most frequent complication was posterior capsular opacification requiring laser capsulotomy that occurred in 31.2% of patients. CONCLUSION: Cataract extraction by either phacoemulsification or ECCE following trabeculectomy surgery may be associated with a partial loss of the previously functioning filter and the need for more antiglaucoma medications to control IOP.     

Fuchs异色性虹膜睫状体炎白内障手术的疗效分析

目的：评估Ｆｕｃｈｓ异色性虹膜睫状体炎（ＦＨＩＣ）患者白内障囊外摘除术以及人工晶体（ＩＯＬ）植入术后的产７及并发症。方法：３２例ＦＨＩＣ患者行白内障手术，其中１７例植入后房型人工晶体（ＰＣＩＯＬ），另１５例患者行单纯的白内障囊外摘除术。结果：矫正视力在０．５及以上的患者中，ＩＯＬ组１４只眼（８８％），而无晶体眼１２只眼（８０％）。术 症为虹膜出血１２只眼，瞳孔不能散大６只眼，悬韧带离断、玻璃体脱出     

抗青光眼滤过性手术眼的后房型人工晶体植入

为了探讨在已施行抗青光眼滤过手术的白内障眼进行白内障摘除和后房型人工晶体植入的手术方法以及手术对滤过泡的影响。对抗青光眼滤过手术后白内障２１只眼，避开滤过泡，选择了颞下方角膜缘切口进行白内障囊外摘除及后房型人工晶体植入，同时对小而固定的瞳孔进行瞳孔括约肌切开与缝合术。术后视力均有不同程度提高，７６．１９％术眼视力达０．．５，术后平均眼压升高０．４１ｋＰａ，功能滤过泡未见明显疤痕化。对于抗青光眼滤过     

后房型有晶状体眼人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视

目的 评价后房型有晶状体眼人工晶状体(ICL)植入术治疗高度近视术后1年的有效性和安全性.方法 回顾性病例研究.高度近视患者149例(290眼)接受ICL植入手术.其中男107眼,女183眼,平均年龄(29.0±6.5)岁.术前平均等效球镜度(-13.2±5.6)D.随诊时检查视力、眼压、屈光度和其他副作用.结果 所有眼睛的术后裸眼视力都有提高,接近术前最佳矫正视力.最后一次随访时199眼(68.6％)术后裸眼视力高于术前最佳矫正视力1行以上,无最佳矫正视力下降的病例.术后3 h内32眼眼压超过35 mmHg,其中13眼为瞳孔阻滞,19眼考虑为黏弹剂残留.术后随诊时发现3眼眼压在21～25 mmHg之间.2眼术后3个月以后发生黄斑区出血,3个月后出血吸收.3眼(2例)因为术后光晕干扰视物不适而取出ICL.12眼因为术后拱高欠佳而进行了人工晶状体置换术.结论 随诊1年显示ICL植入治疗高度近视是一种安全、有效而并发症少的治疗方法.     

Hydrophobic Acrylic Intraocular Lens in Both Eyes

 PURPOSE: To report on the clinical findings of a case of late opacification of the hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOLs) in both eyes after cataract surgery. METHODS: A 79-year-old man with a history of decreased visual acuity and complaints of glare and blurred vision in both eyes over the past 3 years. He had received an uneventful phacoemulsification combined with posterior chamber IOL implantation for senile cataract in both eyes 13 years ago, and had undergone neodymium:YAG(Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy on both eyes 6 years ago, for posterior capsular opacification (PCO). The optical portion of the IOLs showed uniform gray haze. Binocular posterior capsular laser holes were clearly noted. RESULTS: IOL exchange was performed by the same surgeon on both eyes, three days apart. Postoperatively, the patient's visual acuity was elevated to 6/12 (OD) and 6/9 (OS) at 6 months, and intraocular pressure (IOP) reached 16.8 mmHg (OD) and 18.4 mmHg (OS). Neither glare or blurred vision were observed in either eye. CONCLUSION: IOL exchange can be used to effectively manage clinically significant optic opacification.