上颌尖牙埋伏阻生的临床分析

目的对上颌尖牙埋伏阻生的患病特点及治疗结果进行分析,以期为临床治疗上颌尖牙埋伏阻生提供参考数据。方法在北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院正畸科门诊2001年1月至2005年1月期间诊治的10505例错(牙合)畸形患者中,经CT检查选出上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者215例(汉族),共有埋伏阻生尖牙248颗。统计上颌尖牙埋伏阻生在正畸患者中所占比例,χ~2检验分别比较患者性别、唇腭侧阻生以及相应治疗情况的差异。结果上颌尖牙埋伏阻生在正畸门诊患者中约占2．05%,女性：男性为1．8∶1,唇侧：腭侧为2．1∶1。“外科手术暴露+正畸牵引”的方式在治疗中占主导地位。“外科手术拔除”的治疗方式在腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙中的应用多于唇侧,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。结论本组患者上颌尖牙埋伏阻生以女性、唇侧多见,临床对唇腭侧尖牙埋伏阻生的治疗存在一定差异。     

上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者牙弓形态及拥挤度的研究

目的 上颌尖牙唇侧和腭侧埋伏阻生患者的牙弓宽度、长度、拥挤度与正常(牙合)个体之间是否存在差异.方法 经CT检查上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者104名,年龄11-28岁.尖牙唇侧阻生患者57名,腭侧阻生患者47名,对其牙弓宽度、长度、拥挤度进行测量,并和正常(牙合)个体进行对照研究.结果 上颌尖牙唇侧埋伏阻生患者82.5%伴有牙弓中重度拥挤,上颌尖牙腭侧埋伏阻生患者57.4%的牙弓基本无拥挤.上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者中,无论是唇侧埋伏还是腭侧埋伏,其牙弓长度与正常(牙合)无差异.双尖牙区牙弓宽度减小.结论 国人上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者的牙弓宽度、长度、拥挤度的特点与白种人不同.     

上颌埋伏阻生尖牙与牙弓及腭部形态的相关性

埋伏阻生尖牙是临床上常见的牙齿畸形,多种因素可导致尖牙骨内移位形成颊、腭侧阻生.近年来,有研究发现埋伏阻生尖牙与上牙弓及腭部形态之间有密切联系,牙弓宽度、长度、腭穹隆深度及腭面积、腭体积均可能与埋伏阻生牙相关.对上颌形态的研究有助于在临床工作中对尖牙阻生进行早期诊断和干预,减少治疗并发症.本文就埋伏阻生尖牙相关的上牙弓...     

上颌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙 CBCT 导引下的牵引治疗

目的:探讨锥形束CT(CBCT)三维(3D)重建在上颌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙牵引治疗中的指导作用。方法:对22例上颌尖牙(共26颗)腭侧埋伏阻生的青少年患者行CBCT检查。CBCT三维重建观察尖牙形态、腭侧埋伏状况,测量分析与邻近组织的位置关系及相邻切牙牙根吸收情况。结果:CBCT能够真实再现颌骨内埋伏的上颌尖牙。埋伏尖牙均近中倾斜,与平面平均成角61.1°±18.1°,近中异位分别为Ⅰ类埋伏尖牙8颗、Ⅱ类5颗、Ⅲ类3颗、Ⅳ类10颗。3颗相邻侧切牙及2颗中切牙因严重牙根吸收而拔除;26颗上颌腭侧埋伏尖牙均成功牵引至平面排入牙弓并建立正常咬合。结论:CBCT能立体再现上颌尖牙腭侧埋伏阻生特征及与邻近牙的关系等,对治疗方案的制定、开窗牵引具有指导作用,可提高疗效。     

上颌尖牙腭侧埋伏阻生的锥形束CT定位诊断

目的应用锥形束CT（CBCT）探讨上颌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙的埋伏特征及邻牙牙根吸收情况。方法选取南京医科大学附属口腔医院正畸科就诊的上颌尖牙腭侧埋伏阻生的青少年患者22例,获取CBCT三维数据,应用Dolphin imaging 11.0软件,分析腭侧埋伏尖牙的埋伏状况、与邻牙位置关系并分类,观察邻牙牙根的吸收情况。结果上颌腭侧埋伏尖牙大多近中、腭向倾斜阻生,近中异位以Ⅰ类和Ⅳ类较为多见,分别占30.8%和38.5%;近中倾斜角度多在53.8°~68.5°,腭侧异位距正中矢状面多在5.4~8.4 mm。年龄越大,上颌腭侧埋伏尖牙近中腭向异位越远,近中倾斜角度越大。84.6%的相邻侧切牙及19.2%的中切牙牙根与埋伏尖牙接触;50%的相邻侧切牙及15.4%的邻中切牙牙根吸收,相邻侧切牙吸收多位于根尖1/3,而相邻中切牙吸收多位于根中1/3;相邻切牙牙根吸收概率与腭侧埋伏尖牙与切牙间的最小距离呈反比关系。结论CBCT能在三维方向诊断上颌尖牙埋伏状况及与邻近组织的关系,准确判断邻牙根吸收情况,准确测量埋伏尖牙倾斜度及埋伏深度,为上颌腭侧埋伏尖牙的治疗提供指导。     

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目的比较手术—正畸联合治疗唇侧和腭侧上颌埋伏阻生尖牙的临床疗效。方法对广东省深圳市宝安区人民医院口腔正畸门诊2004—2009年收治的60例埋伏阻生尖牙患者(均为单颗埋伏阻生尖牙患者,共60颗牙),根据全口曲面断层片和X线定位片分为唇侧组和腭侧组各30颗牙,通过手术开窗去除阻力骨、暴露部分牙冠、黏结正畸附件,在固定矫正技术的牵引下将埋伏阻生的尖牙纳入正常牙弓内。对比两组治疗的成功率和治疗所需的时间。结果治疗成功率唇侧组为80.0%,腭侧组为96.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后正畸牵引的时间腭侧组为(9.2±3.2)个月,而唇侧组为(15.1±4.1)个月,明显长于腭侧组,两组比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论经手术开窗正畸牵引,上颌埋伏阻生尖牙的成功率腭侧组大于唇侧组,牵引到位的时间腭侧组也较唇侧组短。     

上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者上颌切牙牙齿宽度改变的研究

目的探讨中国人上颌切牙宽度与尖牙阻生是否存在内在的联系.方法选择103名上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者,分为46名腭侧阻生组和57名唇侧阻生组.选择年龄、性别匹配,上颌尖牙正常萌出的患者60名,作为对照组.测量这些患者的上颌切牙近远中宽度,并进行统计学分析.结果尖牙阻生患者的左右侧中切牙及侧切牙的近远中宽度基本一致,无统计学差异.尖牙唇侧阻生患者的侧切牙宽度大于对照组,腭侧阻生患者的侧切牙宽度小于对照组,均有统计学差异.唇腭侧阻生患者的侧切牙宽度有显著性差异.结论尖牙埋伏阻生患者的上颌切牙宽度变化和尖牙阻生的位置有着高度的相关性.     

腭侧埋伏尖牙闭合牵引助萌的临床研究

目的：观察腭侧埋伏尖牙闭合牵引助萌的临床疗效。方法：对20例上颌腭侧尖牙埋伏阻生病例,采取局麻下开窗,暴露埋伏牙唇面,粘接正畸托槽,复位黏骨膜瓣后进行牵引,应用固定正畸技术进行矫治。结果：本组20例中18例达到满意效果,牙髓活力测试正常,牙龈外形正常,1例埋伏牙牙髓产生炎症后行根管治疗得以保存,1例治疗失败,牙根吸收1／2,后拔除。结论：腭侧开窗助萌术配合固定正畸技术可有效矫治上颌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙。     

利用锥形束CT研究单侧上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者牙弓形态特点

目的 利用锥形束CT(Cone beam computed tomography,CBCT)研究单侧上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者牙弓形态特点,为研究其病因及预防继发病症提供参考.方法 39名单侧上颌尖牙埋伏阻生患者,其中腭侧埋伏19名,唇侧埋伏20名,另设正常对照20名.三组患者年龄无显著性差异.三组患者拍摄CBCT并对牙弓的影像进行测量,比较三组之间以及阻生侧与非阻生侧的牙弓形态特点.结果 尖牙阻生患者的双侧牙弓比较显示,阻生侧前段及整侧牙弓长度均比非阻生侧小(P＜0.001).腭侧组第一磨牙到腭中缝距离(24.06±1.68) mm小于唇侧组(24.86±1.31)mm和对照组(24.88±1.12) mm,腭侧组牙弓周长(72.29±3.50) mm小于唇侧组(75.96±5.26) mm,P＜0.05.结论 上颌尖牙埋伏阻生可能与牙弓长度(尤其是前段)较短有关,且腭侧阻生可能还与牙弓宽度较小有关.     

改良横腭杆作支抗协助导萌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙10例报告

目的：探讨使用改良的横腭杆正畸临床矫治腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙的疗效。方法：选择2010～2012年在周口市口腔医院正畸科就诊的腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙10例,均经螺旋CT检查确诊为腭侧埋伏,并有较大把握导萌者。所有患者都采用了改良横腭杆的矫治方法。结果：经过平均7.6个月的导萌治疗（最短4.6个月,最长8.4个月）10个病例共12颗埋伏阻生尖牙均导萌成功,埋伏阻生的尖牙均移至理想的位置,咬合关系良好,牙龈附着满意,未见有牙根吸收现象。结论：改良横腭杆协助正畸临床导萌腭侧埋伏阻生尖牙是一种行之有效的治疗方法。     

Management of the unerupted maxillary canine

In orthodontic practice, many patients present with unerupted and impacted maxillary canine teeth. The clinical outcome is frequently compromised by a failure to diagnose the problem at the appropriate age. This article reviews the development of the maxillary canine, the assessment of normal and abnormal eruptive paths and the options for treatment, with particular emphasis on interceptive measures.     

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??Objective    To study the influencing factors of successful closed traction for maxillary impacted canine??and to further know the difficulty of the traction of impacted teeth??and then to guide the clinical treatment plan. Methods           Collect the clinical cases of impacted teeth from the year 2007 to 2016 in China Medical University Stomatology Hospital??and calculate the success rate of different impacted teeth. Measure angulation with palatal plane??positions with lateral incisors and buccal-lingual direction of maxillary impacted canine. The age of patients was also recorded at the same time. The data were analyzed statistically by SPSS 21.0 statistical software. Results    Chi-square test suggested that the age of the patient?? buccal-lingual direction and the angulation affected the traction of maxillary impacted canine??but the relative position with the lateral incisor didn't. Additionally??only the buccal-lingual direction of maxillary impacted canine affected the traction by logistic regression analysis. Conclusion    The buccal-lingual direction of maxillary impacted canine is the main factor that affects the success of traction??which is to say that buccal impacted maxillary canine is more likely to have successful traction.     

Maxillary canine impactions related to impacted central incisors: two case reports

AIM: The purpose of this case report is to describe the combined surgical and orthodontic treatment of two cases with an impacted maxillary central incisor and canine in the same quadrant and to discuss the causal relationship between them. BACKGROUND: The most common causes of canine impactions are usually the result of one or more factors such as a long path of eruption, tooth size-arch length discrepancies, abnormal position of the tooth bud, prolonged retention or early loss of the deciduous canine, trauma, the presence of an alveolar cleft, ankylosis, cystic or neoplastic formation, dilaceration of the root, supernumerary teeth, and odontomas. Although impaction of the maxillary central incisor is almost as prevalent as impacted canines its etiology is different. The principal factors involved in causing the anomaly are supernumerary teeth, odontomas, and trauma. REPORTS: Case #1: A 10.5-year-old girl in the early mixed dentition stage presented with a chief complaint of the appearance of her anterior teeth. She had a Class I skeletal pattern and a history of trauma to the maxillary central incisors at age five with premature exfoliation. Radiographs revealed an impacted upper right central incisor in the region of the nasal floor, delayed eruption of the maxillary permanent central incisor, and the adjacent lateral incisor was inclined toward the edentulous space. Treatment was done in two stages consisting of surgical exposure and traction of the impacted central incisor and fixed orthodontic treatment. Case #2: An 11.5-year-old girl presented for orthodontic treatment with the chief complaint of an unerupted tooth and the appearance of her upper anterior teeth. She was in the late mixed dentition period with a Class III skeletal pattern along with an anterior cross-bite with some maxillary transverse deficiency. The maxillary right canine and central incisor were absent, but the maxillary right deciduous canine was still present. Treatment included arch expansion followed by surgical exposure and traction of the impacted teeth and fixed orthodontic treatment. SUMMARY: This case report provides some evidence of a significant environmental influence of an impacted maxillary central incisor on the path of eruption of the ipsilateral maxillary canine. When an impacted maxillary central incisor exists, the maxillary lateral incisor's root might be positioned distally into the path of eruption of the maxillary canine preventing its normal eruption. Ongoing assessment and early intervention might help to prevent such adverse situations from occurring.     

上颌埋伏并与侧切牙易位的尖牙的正畸矫治

目的：探讨上颌埋伏并与侧切牙易位的尖牙的正畸矫治。方法：采用带钩的改良Nance弓联合直丝矫治技术治疗了2例替牙期上颌埋伏并和侧切牙易位尖牙病例,首先用改良Nance弓的末端钩在高位水平地牵引尖牙冠向颊侧及后方移动,同时用直丝弓技术使侧切牙排齐、根近中移动、牙体整体腭侧移动,使尖牙冠和侧切牙根在冠状向分开。然后采用“随形弓”,在维持两者在冠状向和垂直向的距离情况下,不断改变“随形弓”置于尖牙托槽上弓丝水平臂的第二序列弯曲,使两个交叉的易位牙体不断换位。结果：2例患者尖牙及侧切牙恢复正常的排列顺序,牙髓、牙周健康,治疗时间27个月。结论：矫治上颌埋伏并与侧切牙易位的尖牙关键是创造足够的空间,使两个易位牙的牙体换位时无干扰。改良Nance弓联合直丝矫治技术是一种有效的方法。     

Completely impacted teeth in dentate and edentulous jaws

Panoramic radiographs from 1026 patients were examined for the presence of completely impacted teeth. The prevalence of completely impacted teeth in the edentulous jaw was lower than that in the dentate jaw in both the upper and lower jaws. The prevalence of completely impacted third molars in the edentulous jaw was also lower than that in the dentate jaw. However, there was no difference in the prevalence of completely impacted canine teeth and completely impacted anterior maxillary supernumerary teeth (mesiodens) in the edentulous jaw. These findings may indicate that completely impacted canine teeth and impacted anterior maxillary supernumerary teeth (mesiodens) are not influenced by the loss of erupted teeth.     

Initial vertical and horizontal position of palatally impacted maxillary canine and effect on periodontal status following surgical-orthodontic treatment

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of surgical-orthodontic treatment and the initial vertical and mesiodistal position of palatally impacted maxillary canines on the periodontal health of impacted canines and adjacent teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 32 patients with unilateral palatally impacted maxillary canines. The initial position of the impacted canines was assessed on panoramic images. The treatment protocol of the impacted canines included surgical exposure with the closed-eruption technique and fixed orthodontic appliances. RESULTS: A significant increase in pocket depth was found at the canine mesiopalatal point after surgical-orthodontic treatment. Also, a correlation was found between the initial mesiodistal and vertical position of the impacted canine and the posttreatment periodontal status of the impacted canine, the adjacent lateral incisor, and the first premolar. CONCLUSIONS: A combined surgical-orthodontic approach in the treatment of impacted maxillary canines produces clinically acceptable periodontal conditions. The average increase in pocket depth was less than 4 mm and clinically unimportant for most patients.     

环切导萌术与封闭性导萌术的对比性研究

目的 临床研究上颌埋伏阻生产牙的外科导萌及正畸联合治疗方法。方法 分别采用环切导萌术和封闭性导萌术联合正畸治疗两种方法矫治埋伏阻生前牙８７颗。结果 行环切导萌术完成矫治后患牙临床冠较长,牙龈形态欠佳,疤痕可见。行封闭性助萌术正畸完成后其暴露牙齿的远中面宽度较小,唇侧骨高度增加。结论 行封闭性助萌术矫治的埋伏牙在美学效果等方面较行环切导萌术的好。     

正畸治疗诱导阻生上颌尖牙的自发萌出

目的 探讨阻生上颌尖牙正畸治疗诱导自发萌出的方法,总结合适的临床处理策略,为阻生尖牙的合理治疗提供依据.方法 选择13例恒牙列患者(男6例,女7例)的17颗阻生上颌尖牙,通过正畸治疗在相应牙弓位置为尖牙预留充足的间隙,待其自发萌出后直接粘结矫正装置排入牙列正常位置.结果 预留间隙2～24个月后阻生尖牙自发萌出,治疗后尖牙及邻牙牙周状况良好.结论 当阻生尖牙错位不严重,扩弓或减数拔牙即能为阻生尖牙提供足够萌出间隙,判断其能自行萌出时,可采取正畸诱导自萌的方法进行治疗.     

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目的：探讨阻生上颌尖牙合适的临床处理策略,为其合理治疗提供依据。方法回顾2000-2012年期间在大连市口腔医院正畸科接受治疗的35例阻生上颌尖牙病例的临床资料,总结分析尖牙阻生状况及相应的治疗措施和疗效。临床处理方法包括拔除、助萌和导萌。结果拔除2例;只做正畸治疗的助萌法16例,留出足够间隙后等待阻生尖牙自行萌出,观察时间5～24个月,均取得良好治疗效果,矫治后阻生尖牙牙龈形态及牙根状况良好;正畸附加外科手术牵引的导萌法17例,除1例21岁男性患者外,其余16例均牵引到位,但矫治后部分阻生尖牙牙龈形态不如助萌法矫治后。结论当阻生上颌尖牙牙体严重畸形、根弯曲短小及高位近远中向横位阻生时考虑拔除;阻生上颌尖牙近远中向错位不严重,扩弓或减数拔牙即可为阻生尖牙留出足够萌出间隙,判断其能自然萌出时首选助萌法;阻生上颌尖牙近远中向错位严重或阻生尖牙已伤及邻牙牙根、仅用正畸治疗无法去除阻生尖牙萌出障碍时采用导萌法,导萌术后的牵引需注意控制牵引方向及大小,要避免伤及邻牙牙根,尽量使阻生牙从附着龈萌出,有利于形成良好的牙龈形态。