上海市父母与青少年子女性与生殖健康交流状况调查

目的:了解上海市核心家庭中父母与子女的性与生殖健康(SRH)相关问题交流状况,并探讨其对青少年SRH知识的影响。方法:采用多阶段整群抽样的方法,在上海市徐汇区两个街道57个居委会中抽取符合条件的536户核心家庭,并就核心家庭中的青少年与父母交流SRH相关问题的情况及其相关的知识等进行问卷调查。结果:回答父母曾主动与之谈及SRH问题的青少年占51.31%,女孩(67.97%)多于男孩(36.07%)(P<0.05);回答父亲与之主动交流SRH问题的比例(19.48%)低于母亲主动交流的比例(44.03%)(P<0.05)。主动向父母询问SRH问题的青少年占37.69%,其中主动向父亲询问者(11.19%)低于向母亲询问者(33.58%)(P<0.05)。青少年基本生殖健康知识答对率较低(平均42.30分)。应用多因素线性模型分析,在调整父母的基本人口学特征,如年龄、职业、学历及其收入后可见,子女年龄越大,其SRH相关的生殖健康知识得分越高;父母与子女谈论与交流过SRH问题,子女的生殖健康知识得分高于未交流者近15分(P<0.05)。结论:上海市区核心家庭中父母与青少年子女SRH相关问题的交流沟通能明显提高其生殖健康知识水平。但青少年的基本生殖健康知识仍缺乏,家长SRH知识以及与子女沟通交流技巧有待进一步提高。     

上海市核心家庭中学生生殖健康知识及影响因素分析

目的：了解上海市核心家庭中初中、高中孩子生殖健康知识状况及影响因素，为有效开展家庭生殖健康教育提供依据。方法：通过流行病学横断面调查，对符合入选标准的核心家庭初中、高中孩子进行问卷调查，对他们的生殖健康知识及可能的影响因素进行分析。结果：调查对象生殖健康知识不高，相关问题的正确回答率较低（〈70％）。知识得分仅为40．69±27．13分（满分100分）。同父母谈论生殖健康问题可以提高孩子的生殖健康知识水平，OR值为2．466（95％CI：1．523—3．993）。多因素分析发现孩子的年龄以及同父母谈论生殖健康问题对他们的生殖健康知识有影响。结论：上海市核心家庭初中和高中孩子的生殖健康知识总体较差，而同父母交流可以提高他们的生殖健康知识。提示家庭教育对孩子生殖健康知识的获得有促进作用。     

中学生与父母性知识沟通状况及影响因素分析

目的了解上海市青少年与父母沟通性相关问题的状况及影响因素，为进一步发挥父母在青少年生殖健康教育中的作用提供科学信息。方法对上海市徐汇区3067名中学生采用自填式问卷进行匿名调查。结果分别约60％和30％的青少年难以与父亲和母亲讨论性相关话题，约70％的青少年从未问过父亲性相关问题或父亲从未主动谈过性的话题。约45％的青少年报告从未问过母亲性相关问题或母亲从未主动谈过性的话题。在亲子沟通的具体内容上，以青春期发育和异性交往为主。与初中生相比。高中生与父母的沟通更困难。母亲与子女的沟通多于父亲。同性别亲子间的沟通较多。父母文化程度越高，与青少年关系越融洽，家庭氛围越好，亲子进行沟通的可能性越高。结论青少年与父母对性相关问题的沟通较少。应加强对青少年和父母的教育，注重提高父母的沟通能力和性教育意识。     

父母对向未婚年轻人提供生殖健康服务的态度及影响因素分析

目的:了解并分析父母对向未婚年轻人提供性与生殖健康信息及服务的态度。方法:采用分层、多级和整群抽样方法以及结构式问卷调查。结果:有效调查2871名家庭中至少有1个15～24岁的未婚子/女的父亲和母亲。约80%的父母对未婚年轻人寻求性与生殖健康咨询和服务持理解和赞成,但对未婚者使用避孕措施理解和赞成者减少;超过50%的父母赞成向未婚年轻人提供性与生殖健康教育和信息,但对于主动提供避孕服务,反对和赞成者各占1/4,理解者超过1/3。结论:父母的态度既宽容又矛盾,与其人口学特征及自身的性与生殖健康知识水平有关,提示应重视家庭性教育水平和能力的提高。     

上海市流动青少年生殖健康知信行及家庭支持状况调查

目的了解上海市流动青少年的性与生殖健康的知、信、行状况及其家庭支持状况,为制定流动青少年的性与生殖健康教育策略提供依据。方法采用问卷调查,对400名青少年及其父母进行知、信、行及家庭支持状况进行调查。其中,有效的青少年问卷396份,有效的家长问卷398份。同时进行10例个案访谈以了解深入情况。结果流动青少年对性与生殖健康知识的平均得分为57分,青少年父母的平均得分为70分,1/3的父母得分在60分以下,青少年和父母的知识题得分显著相关(r=0.472,P0.01)。近一半的青少年认为早恋行为"很正常"或"无所谓",46.5%的调查对象认为同龄人中"大多数"或"大约一半"有早恋行为。青少年的生殖健康知识来源选择最多的是学校老师,有62.37%。流动青少年家庭经济收入较低、家庭居住环境较差、居住地经常变化,父母对流动青少年的生殖健康教育重视与认识不够,环境支持力度不足。结论上海市流动青少年生殖健康的知识、态度和行为存在明显的弱质性。为满足流动青少年的生殖健康需要,学校和社会要帮助家庭促进他们的健康成长。     

上海市青少年对性与生殖健康教育的认知及影响因素研究

目的:了解上海市青少年对于性与生殖健康知识的掌握情况及需求,为后期采取有效的干预措施提供研究基础。方法:2015年1~3月,应用横断面调查的研究方法,采用多阶段随机整群抽样抽取上海市6所中小学作为研究对象,内容包括性别、年龄、年级、父母基本情况,以及中小学生性与生殖健康相关知识的掌握情况及需求,单因素分析采用卡方检验和Fisher检验,多因素分析采用logistic回归分析。结果:共1159名中小学生参加本次研究,调查对象对于精子产生的器官问题的回答,中学生正确率为71.1%,小学生正确率为48.9%;卵子产生的器官的问题,中学生回答正确率为76.7%,小学生回答正确率为60.4%;精卵结合位置的问题,中学生回答正确率为53.5%,小学生回答正确率为50.0%;从妊娠到分娩所需时间的问题,中学生回答正确率为25.5%,小学生回答正确率为42.3%;logistic回归分析发现,母亲文化程度影响青少年对性与生殖健康教育的需求。结论:如何提高青少年母亲对相关问题的认知是社区干预的重点,进一步开展学校青少年性与生殖健康教育具有非常重要意义。     

遵义市核心家庭成员生殖健康状况调查

目的了解核心家庭的育龄夫妻的生殖健康知识水平及行为状况,为提高家庭生殖健康水平提供科学依据。方法2018年11月—2019年1月采用整群随机抽样法,随机抽取贵州省遵义市主城区内5个街道中符合核心家庭标准的311户家庭成员进行自填式匿名问卷调查。结果调查对象的生殖健康知识的总知晓率60.7%,女性较高于男性。男性比女性更易接受婚前性行为,差异有统计学意义(χ2=35.483,P<0.05)。生殖健康预防行为的得分的主要因素是生殖健康知识及自我效能得分的高低。结论遵义市核心家庭成员的生殖健康知晓率较低,在对男性的生殖健康过程中的关注度不够,家庭成员的参与意识缺乏,应开展针对性的干预措施,提高核心家庭生殖健康的整体水平。     

父母教育程度对医科大学女生生殖健康的影响

目的了解不同家庭背景尤其是父母不同教育程度的医科女大学生生殖健康知、信、行情况,为教育者和管理者提供参考依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,对某医科大学女生1 858名进行问卷调查。结果母亲教育程度对医科大学女生生殖健康的影响大于父亲;母亲教育程度越高,学生的观念越开放(P<0.05)。父母均接受大学及以上教育的女生获得的生殖健康知识更丰富。与父母不同沟通状况女大学生自慰发生率差异有统计学意义。结论大学生的生殖健康教育应引起包括家庭、学校、媒体在内全社会各方面的关注。     

嘉兴市某县小学高年级学生性与生殖健康知识水平及获取途径

了解小学高年级学生性与生殖健康知识水平及接受性教育状况,为学校和家庭性教育的开展提供科学依据.方法 在浙江省嘉兴市某县对4所小学四五年级的1 098名学生进行匿名电子问卷调查,调查内容主要为性与生殖健康知识及来源、从学校和家庭获取性教育情况等.结果 小学高年级学生对青春期身体变化的知晓率在15%~54%之间,生殖生理知识的知晓率在14% ~70%之间,对身体隐私部位识别的知晓率在59%~98%之间,对性侵犯场景识别的知晓率在70% ~ 95%之间.上述4类知识相应的平均得分分别为31.89,38.21,77.03,85.72分,总知识得分为58.21分.研究对象性与生殖健康知识水平女生高于男生、城镇学生高于农村学生,五年级学生高于四年级学生(P值均<0.05).小学生性与生殖健康知识主要来源于母亲(63.02%)、父亲(40.53%)和学校老师(27.50%),其中报告父母和学校提供过人的生长发育、青春期发育与保健、自我保护等内容的比例女生高于男生,城镇高于农村,五年级学生高于四年级(P值均<0.05).结论 小学高年级学生普遍缺乏性与生殖健康知识.应提高老师和家长的性教育意识,为小学生提供适宜的性教育.     

江苏省青少年生殖健康基本状况调查

目的:了解江苏省青少年生殖健康知识、态度、行为及服务的基本状况,为开展生殖健康教育与服务提供科学依据。方法:采用整群随机抽样方法,对7043名15～24岁青少年采用匿名自填式调查表进行问卷调查。结果:应答者平均年龄为19.85岁,性知识回答正确率为51.7%,性病及艾滋病知识回答正确率为56.51%。50.41%的人赞成婚前性行为。恋爱中有性交的占7.7%,其中采取避孕措施66.94%。希望计划生育部门提供服务的依次为性知识教育、生殖健康咨询、性病和艾滋病的预防知识(70.54%、66.24%、51.3%)。结论:应加强对江苏省青少年生殖健康教育与服务。     

Do parents still matter regarding adolescents' alcohol drinking? Experience from South Africa

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to improve our understanding of adolescents' perceptions of parental practices relating to their (adolescents') alcohol use. A total of 704 students were conveniently selected and completed self-administered questionnaires. More than half (54%) of the adolescents reported that they had consumed alcohol at some time in their life. Parental marital status was significantly associated with whether adolescents ever consumed alcohol or not (p < 0.05). A large number of mothers/female guardians (66.3%) and fathers/male guardians (69.3%) did not allow alcohol use at home. More mothers (54.6%) and fathers (65.3%) were not aware of their adolescents' alcohol consumption (p < 0.05). Adolescents were more likely to use alcohol when they reported that they had often seen either their father or mother drunk or both (p < 0.05). There were also significant associations between parents' views against alcohol use and their adolescents' alcohol use (p < 0.05). Prevalence of alcohol uptake was quite high among these adolescents. Compulsory parenting programmes and skills development should be practiced by education, health, cultural and religious groups. Parents should be motivated to delay the age at which their children are initiated into alcohol use and be provided with guidance on how to counteract social pressures.     

Parent-adolescent relationships and the development of weight concerns from early to late adolescence

OBJECTIVE: This work describes the developmental course of adolescents' weight concerns and examines links with changes in parent-adolescent relationships for girls and boys. METHOD: Adolescents and parents in 191 families participated in 3 annual home interviews; adolescents rated their weight concerns and their intimacy and conflict with parents. Parental knowledge was measured based on the match between adolescents' and parents' reports of youth's experiences each day during 7 evening telephone calls. RESULTS: Girls' weight concerns increased from age 11 to 16 and then declined, whereas boys' concerns declined beginning at age 11. Increases in girls' weight concerns were linked to increases in conflict with mothers and fathers and decreases in maternal intimacy and knowledge. At a trend level, declines in boys' weight concerns were associated with declines in father conflict. CONCLUSION: Mothers and fathers may have unique influences on adolescent weight concerns. Intervention programming should target parent-adolescent relationships.     

江苏省青少年生殖健康项目家长问卷分析报告

目的:了解江苏省青少年家长掌握性知识的情况以及对青少年开展生殖健康教育的态度。方法:采用整群随机抽样方法,对全省19个项目点的7055名家长进行了问卷调查。结果:67·9%的家长认为对青少年进行性教育是必要的,40%认为由母亲来谈性教育比较好,70%同意孩子阅读有关性方面的书籍,并且认为这是理想的教育方法,而>90%的家长不会主动替孩子购买性科学的书籍;家长对性病艾滋病知识回答的正确率为63·3%,只有20%的家长了解手淫问题;>90%的家长会阻止孩子看色情录相,反对孩子在学校期间谈恋爱和婚前性行为的家长为87·6%和62·4%。结论:性教育进入家庭,在江苏省是完全必要的,而且是可能的。     

Influences on adolescent eating patterns: the importance of family meals.

PURPOSE: To provide national estimates of the frequency and determinants of adolescents' consumption of fruits, vegetables, and dairy foods. METHODS: Analyses were based on 18,177 adolescents in the first interview of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Multivariate logistic regressions provide estimates of the unique contribution of sociodemographic characteristics, body weight perception, and parental influences on adolescent food consumption. RESULTS: Almost one in five adolescents reported skipping breakfast the previous day. A large percentage of adolescents reported eating less than the recommended amount of vegetables (71%), fruits (55%), and dairy foods (47%). Adolescents with better-educated parents had better consumption patterns than those with less-educated parents. Consumption patterns differed significantly by race. Adolescents who perceived themselves to be overweight were significantly more likely to have poor consumption patterns. Parental presence at the evening meal was associated with a lower risk of poor consumption of fruits, vegetables, and diary foods as well as the likelihood of skipping breakfast. CONCLUSION: Parental presence at the evening meal is positively associated with adolescents' higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, and dairy foods. Nutrition and health professionals should educate parents about the role of family mealtimes for healthy adolescent nutrition.     

Individual and family household smoking habits as risk factors for wheezing among adolescents

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to evaluate the household smoking habits as risk factors for wheezing in adolescents. METHODS: During a 2-month period, the study was performed by applying the standardized ISAAC phase 1 questionnaire to 3474 adolescents attending a random sample of secondary public schools located at the southeast of Mexico City. Adolescents were grouped as "cases" if they had at least one episode of wheezing in the year prior to the study, or as "controls" if they did not. Positive individual and family (father, mother or other persons living in the home) smoking habits at home were evaluated as potential risk factors. RESULTS: More than 98% of respondents in the two groups reported that the father smoked in the house. More mothers who smoked were reported among cases than controls (OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.60-3.68). More adolescents in the group of cases had history of ever having rhinitis, rash or wheezing. Fifty-four percent of adolescents in the group of cases had ever smoked versus 38.8% of controls (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.33-2.67). Sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis identified a "protective" role for wheezing when the number of smokers at home was < or =2 (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.27-0.71). CONCLUSION: Individual, maternal and other family members' indoor smoking habits may increase the risk of wheezing among adolescents.     

Correlates of using dual methods for sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy prevention among high-risk African-American female teens.

PURPOSE: To identify correlates of consistent dual-method use among African-American female adolescents at risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and pregnancy. METHODS: A convenience sample of 522 sexually active female teens attending adolescent medicine clinics, health department clinics, and school health classes volunteered. Recruitment sites were in low-income neighborhoods of Birmingham, Alabama. Adolescents completed a questionnaire and a face-to-face interview and provided vaginal swab specimens for laboratory diagnosis of STDs. Those reporting use of condoms and at least one other method of contraception, for each of the last five occasions they had sex were classified as consistent dual-method users. The questionnaire assessed frequency of adolescents' communication with their parents and partners about sex. The questionnaire also assessed two measures of parental supervision and adolescents' desire to avoid pregnancy. Multiple logistic regression assessed the independent contribution of each correlate of consistent dual-method use. RESULTS: Seventy-one adolescents (13.6%) were classified as consistent dual-method users. A strong desire to avoid pregnancy was the most influential correlate of consistent dual-method use [odds ratio (OR) =2.3]. Adolescents reporting that their parents generally knew whom they were with (OR = 2.0) and those reporting more frequent communication with parents (OR = 1.9) were also more likely to be consistent dual users. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest the need for research to examine the efficacy of interventions building on adolescent females' desire to avoid pregnancy. Study findings also suggest that interventions promoting improved parent-adolescent communication and improved parental supervision may contribute to adolescents' use of dual methods for STD and pregnancy prevention.     

早年留守经历对青春期流动儿童依恋关系的影响

探究早年留守经历对流动青少年依恋关系的影响,为青春期流动儿童心理健康教育提供参考.方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,选取珠海、中山、东莞、深圳和广州各1所农民工子弟学校六~八年级全部学生1 544名(留守组763名,未留守组781名)作为研究对象,采用自编问卷、父母同伴依恋问卷(IPPA)进行测评.结果 留守组儿童母亲信任、母亲沟通、父亲信任、父亲沟通维度及母亲依恋、父亲依恋得分较非留守组儿童低(t值分别为-5.63,-6.04,-5.53,-4.06,-6.97,-5.71,P值均<0.01);母亲疏远、父亲疏远、同伴疏远维度得分较非留守组儿童高(t值分别为5.62,3.31,2.59,P值均<0.01);留守组与非留守组儿童同伴信任、同伴沟通维度及同伴依恋得分差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).多重线性回归分析显示,年龄是母亲信任、母亲沟通、母亲依恋、父亲信任、父亲依恋、同伴依恋的消极影响因素(B值分别为-1.30,-0.95,-2.88,-0.87,-1.34,-1.24),是母亲疏远、父亲疏远、同伴疏远的积极影响因素(B值分别为0.63,0.46,0.62,P值均<0.05);分离期间见面频率为每月都见是留守组儿童母亲依恋、父亲依恋的积极影响因素(B值分别为9.67,10.52,P值均<0.01);与父母均分离是留守组儿童同伴信任、同伴沟通、同伴依恋的消极影响因素(B值分别为-2.66,-1.78,-4.36,P值均<0.05);留守期间隔代监护是留守组儿童父亲疏远及同伴疏远的消极影响因素(t值分别为-0.40,-0.68,P值均<0.05);分离年龄在4~5岁是留守组流动儿童同伴依恋的积极影响因素(B=5.79,P相似文献   

中国青少年与父母交流性相关话题的状况分析

目的:了解目前我国家庭性教育开展状况及存在的主要问题,为进一步发挥家庭在青少年性与生殖健康教育中的作用提供依据。方法:采用分阶段抽样,对全国6个省城市和农村地区的5709例不同类型的青少年进行计算机辅助的自填问卷调查,调查青少年与父母交流性话题的状况及存在的障碍,并分析其影响因素。结果:50%的被调查青少年与父母亲交流过性话题,交流的内容主要为男孩女孩适宜的举止、友情、爱情与婚姻及人体生理知识。不与父母交流性话题的最大原因是感到不好意思,相当比例是父母在面对性话题时敷衍了事、避而不答或没有能力回答。多因素分析显示青少年与父母的性别、父母的文化程度、家庭结构、家庭氛围等因素影响了亲子间性话题的交流。结论:青少年与父母交流性相关话题非常有限,父母的观念和能力阻碍了亲子交流,应加强对父母的指导和培训,对不同特征父母培训的重点应有所侧重。