Simultaneous occurrence of transient resolving thyrotoxicosis due to painless thyroiditis, hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus following pituitary apoplexy

A rare case of concomitant association of transient thyrotoxicosis due to painless thyroiditis, hypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus following spontaneous pituitary apoplexy is presented.     

Rhabdomyolysis associated with cranial diabetes insipidus.

Rhabdomyolysis has been reported to be associated with hyperosmolality in diabetic ketoacidosis and non-ketotic hyperosmolal state. Whether the rhabdomyolysis was due to hyperosmolality per se or whether hyperglycaemia also played a role is not clear. We hereby report a case of cranial diabetes insipidus with hypernatraemia and hyperosmolality complicated by rhabdomyolysis. None of the known risk factors, such as coma, hypokalaemia, hypophosphataemia, diabetic ketoacidosis or non-ketotic hyperosmolality, were present in this patient. We believe that severe hyperosmolality per se is an important predisposing factor for non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis, and serum muscle enzymes should be closely monitored in the management of patients with diabetes insipidus.     

Idiopathic hypergammaglobulinaemia associated with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and distal renal tubular acidosis.

Renal tubular dysfunction may be recognized in patients suffering from urinary light chain disease or non-myelomatous hypergammaglobulinaemia. We report a patient who has the combination of distal renal tubular acidosis and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in association with hypergammaglobulinaemia due solely to increased IgG. We postulate that the abnormalities of distal nephron function resulted from cell-mediated immune damage.     

Clomiphene-induced pregnancy in a patient with diabetes insipidus and hypothyroidism

A patient with diabetes insipidus and hypothyroidism developed anovular menstrual cycles. Ovulation, which was followed by pregnancy, was induced by the administration of clomiphene. In the later stages of pregnancy, an increase in the dosage of vasopressin was necessary to achieve a satisfactory control of the symptoms of diabetes insipidus. Labour was induced before the estimated date of confinement by the intravenous administration of oxytocin and an intra-partum haemorrhage necessitated delivery by the lower-segment caesarean section. The post-partum period was uneventful. Lactation was suppressed on request from the patient.     

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis outbreak associated with nude mice in a research institute.

OBJECTIVE--After an employee at a cancer research institute was diagnosed with lymphocytic choriomeningitis, an investigation was performed to determine the extent of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infections among the institute's employees and to identify risk factors for infection. DESIGN--Retrospective cohort study. SETTING--A US cancer research institute. PARTICIPANTS--Eighty-two of 90 institute employees. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Serum LCMV antibodies. RESULTS--Seven workers (9%) with definite LCMV infection (LCMV IgG antibody titer greater than or equal to 16) and one worker (1%) with probable infection (IgG titer = 8) were identified (10% overall seroprevalence). All infected employees handled animals or animal tissues and were more likely than other animal handlers to have worked with nude mice (Mus musculus) (P less than .02). Among the 31 employees who worked with nude mice at the institute, infected workers were more likely to clean the cages of nude mice (P much less than .001), change their bedding (P less than .01), and change their water (P less than .001). The institute had been injecting nude mice with LCMV-infected tumor cell lines and had recently increased the nude mouse population and the duration of experiments. These changes would have increased the LCMV burden at the facility and were temporally associated with the cluster of LCMV infections in employees. CONCLUSIONS--This LCMV outbreak, the first reported since 1974, is the first associated with nude mice. It illustrates the ongoing hazard LCMV poses in research laboratories. Since the symptoms of LCMV infection can be nonspecific, clinicians should consider this diagnosis in ill patients who report laboratory rodent exposure.     

AIDS in Haitian immigrants and in a Caucasian woman closely associated with Haitians.

In Montreal the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was seen in eight Haitian immigrants and one Caucasian woman who had lived with Haitian immigrants for 3 years before the onset of her illness. AIDS was characterized by opportunistic infections alone in seven patients, by opportunistic infection and Kaposi's sarcoma in one patient and by chronic generalized lymphadenopathy in one patient. Five of the patients had presented with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections 1 to 12 months before the onset of opportunistic infections. All nine patients were found to have recall anergy by skin testing for delayed hypersensitivity. Enumeration of the lymphocyte subpopulations in three patients showed a marked inversion of the ratio of helper to suppressor T lymphocytes. Six of the patients died as a result of the opportunistic infections; autopsies showed no recognizable causes of immunodeficiency. Thus, there is in Montreal a third clustering of AIDS cases in North America related to Haitian immigrants.     

Low serum urea level in dehydrated patients with central diabetes insipidus.

Dehydrated patients usually present with an elevated serum urea level, owing in part to increased renal reabsorption of urea mediated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH). We carried out a study to examine whether, during dehydration, the variations in the serum urea level could discriminate patients with central diabetes insipidus (CDI) from those with dehydration not due to CDI. We studied retrospectively 27 episodes of dehydration in 23 patients with CDI and 14 episodes in 14 patients without CDI. The mean serum urea level was 2.9 mmol/L in the CDI group and 15.4 mmol/L in the patients without CDI (p less than 0.001); the mean serum sodium level was 155 mmol/L in both groups. All the patients with CDI had a sodium/urea ratio greater than 24.2, whereas the ratio was less than 21.7 in all the patients without CDI. In the patients with CDI a positive correlation was found between the magnitude of diuresis and the percentage decrease in the serum urea level compared with the level before dehydration (p less than 0.001). In the patients with CDI the serum urea level returned to the level before dehydration after the administration of vasopressin; a striking increase in the clearance of urea, which exceeded the creatinine clearance, was observed during dehydration in the three patients in whom clearance studies were done. The results suggest that serum urea values can be used to distinguish patients dehydrated because of CDI from those with hypertonic dehydration but without ADH deficiency and that during dehydration the net reabsorption of urea is dependent on the renal action of ADH.     

Glycemic control,complications, and associated autoimmune diseases in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Jeddah,Saudi Arabia

Objectives:

To investigate the relationship between metabolic control, acute and long-term complications, the coexistence of autoimmune diseases, and to assess the different factors that can affect the glycemic control level among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study that included 228 T1DM children and adolescents visiting the pediatric diabetes clinic at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from January 2013 to January 2014. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients were recorded. Metabolic control, complications, and associated autoimmune diseases were evaluated.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 10.99 years, and the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was 8.8%. Acute complications included ketoacidosis in 65.4% of patients, and hypoglycemic attacks in 68.9%. Long-term complications were detected in patients including retinopathy (4.4%), microalbuminuria (16.2%), and dyslipidemia (8.3%). Autoimmune thyroiditis was noted in 14%, and celiac disease was found in 19.7% of patients. A significant difference was found in pubertal and pre-pubertal age groups in terms of glycemic control (p=0.01).

Conclusion:

The level of HbA1c was found to be higher among the pubertal age group. A relationship between autoimmune diseases and gender was determined.Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in pediatric patients. The incidence of T1DM among children is rising worldwide, and varies depending on different factors. The overall annual increase is estimated at 3% with approximately 70,000 children worldwide expected to develop T1DM every year.1 In Saudi Arabia, the reported prevalence in children and adolescents was 109.5/100000 in 2008.2 Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency due to destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Patients with T1DM are at high risk of developing other autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and celiac disease (CD).3,4 Moreover, T1DM can lead to numerous complications in pediatric patients, with the most common acute complications including hypoglycemia, and diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA). Long-term complications in childhood include retinopathy, nephropathy, and dyslipidemia, among others. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationships between glycemic control, acute and long-term complications, associated autoimmune diseases,and to assess other different factors that can affect or predict the glycemic control level among children with T1DM visiting the pediatric diabetes clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.     

Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness. A clinical and genetic study.

Two Iraqi sisters and a female cousin developed diabetes insipidus (DI), diabetes mellitus (DM), optic atrophy (OA), and deafness (D), (the ''DIDMOAD'' syndrome) before the age of 12 years. One girl exhibited all the features of this disease complex only 3 months after an unusually late onset of recognizable symptoms at 11 years 9 months. Another girl died suddenly and unexpectedly. This family study illustrates the recessive inheritance pattern of the syndrome.     

Study of Tripterygium Associated with Nicotinamide in Treating Late-onset Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus in Adults

Objective: To explore the effect of Tripterygium polyglycoside (TP) associated with nicotinamide on the islet cell function, immune parameters and lipoperoxide (LPO) in adult patients with late-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus (LADA). Methods: Thirty-six cases of LADA were randomly divided into three groups: TP group (n=12), treated with TP plus orally taken metformin; combined treatment group (n= 12), treated with TP combined with nicotinamide and metformin, and control group (n=12) treated with metformin alone. They were followed-up for 18 months. Results: (1) Compared with the control group after 9 months of treatment, postprandial plasma glucose and LPO in combined treatment group were decreased (P <0.05), and the postprandial C-peptide was higher (P<0.05). At the 18th month, the value of postprandial C-peptide in the TP and combined treatment group was higher than that in the control group. The slL-2R level of both TP and combined treatment groups were lowered (P<0.01); (2) Islet cell antibody (IC     

成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病患者白细胞计数和血脂分析

目的探讨成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病（LADA）患者外周血白细胞特点及其与血脂等因素的相关性。方法检测46例LADA患者和111例2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的外周血白细胞及分类细胞[白细胞（WBC）、嗜中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞]和血脂等,进行比较和相关性分析。结果 LADA组的嗜中性粒细胞计数显著高于T2DM组（P〈0.05）,LADA组胆固醇（TC）显著低于T2DM组（P〈0.05）。LADA和T2DM组的嗜中性粒细胞计数均与WBC、TC、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）有明显相关性（P〈0.05）。结论 LADA患者可能比T2DM患者有更高的免疫炎症因子表达以及具有较低胆固醇水平。糖尿病患者中亚临床炎症因子与血脂代谢有关。     

The syndrome of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy (DIDMOA) with diabetic cheiroarthropathy

Two sisters with diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy are described. One of them also has vasopressin responsive diabetes insipidus. Both have diabetic cheiroarthropathy, an unusual deformity of the hands.     

Hypopituitarism due to lymphocytic hypophysitis in a patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis.

We present a 78-year-old woman with clinical acute hypopituitarism in whom pathologic findings showed lymphocytic hypophysitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Lymphocytic hypophysitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of hypopituitarism at any age. The association with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis suggest an autoimmune origin for this entity.     

鞍区肿瘤手术后尿崩症及水钠失衡紊乱的临床分析

目的: 探讨手术方式及肿瘤性质的不同对鞍区肿瘤术后发生尿崩和水钠失衡的影响. 方法: 对109例鞍区肿瘤的手术方式、病理类型、术后尿崩水钠失衡进行回顾性分析. 结果: 术后发生尿崩及水电解质平衡紊乱者86例(78.9 %). 颅咽管瘤术后并发尿崩及水钠平衡紊乱比率最高(100%),胆脂瘤及脑膜瘤的发生率最低(60.0%～64.3%);经侧脑室-室间孔-第Ⅲ脑室入路者,术后发生率最高(89.0%),颞下入路最低(79.0%). 结论: 手术方式及肿瘤性质对鞍区肿瘤术后尿崩和水钠失衡的发生有很大影响.