64层螺旋CT血管造影对Cobb综合征的诊断价值

目的 通过对比数字减影血管造影(DSA),分析评价64层螺旋CT血管造影(MDCTA)对Cobb综合征的诊断价值.资料与方法 4例临床症状为双下肢无力或瘫痪,体检主要见皮肤血管瘤和下肢肌力减退.4例均行MDCTA和DSA检查.结果 4例血管畸形,2例位于颈胸段,1例位于胸段,1例位于胸腰段,3例有皮肤和皮下病灶.椎体、椎管内、脊髓及软组织内的血管畸形MDCTA均可显示,供血动脉主要包括甲状颈干、肋颈干的分支及肋间动脉,增粗迂曲的引流静脉也在MDCTA的图像中清晰显示,且与DSA所见一致.结论 MDCTA可以快速、无创、全面地显示Cobb综合征几乎所有的病变,在诊断和协助制订治疗方案方面起到重要作用.     

Cobb综合征的影像学表现 (2例报告结合文献复习)

目的 分析Cobb综合征的影像学表现。方法 2例患者，均为男性，年龄分别为22和13岁。临床症状为下肢无力，查体见皮肤血管瘤、下肢肌力下降。均行Mm、CT、DSA检查并经手术治疗。结果 MRI显示2例椎体多发血管瘤，T1WI呈高或略高信号，T2WI呈高信号，压脂像(STFIR)呈低信号；相应节段椎管及肌肉内见不规则长T1、长T2信号，有流空现象；增强扫描椎管内病灶呈明显强化。CT平扫仅显示椎体血管瘤，表现为局部骨小梁增粗，呈网眼状，冠、矢状面重建可见栅栏征。DSA示肋间动脉、肋下动脉增粗、紊乱，周围静脉提前显影并增粗迂曲，多个椎体内可见紊乱血管团。结论 MRI能明确显示Cobb综合征椎体、椎管、脊髓、肌肉等组织的病变及其范围，结合皮肤表现对该病有诊断价值。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像诊断脊髓血管畸形的价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT 血管成像(CTA)对脊髓血管畸形的诊断价值.方法 经临床和MR检查拟诊为脊髓血管畸形的15例患者进行了CTA.所有患者均在1周内进行了DSA检查.其中4例行于术治疗.将CTA图像与DSA和手术所见进行对照,从判定畸形的类型、显示病变累及的范围、供血动脉、引流静脉和可能存在的瘘口等方面,对CTA图像进行评价.结果 15例脊髓血管畸形经DSA和手术确诊,分别为6例髓内动静脉畸彤、2例髓周动静脉瘘、3例硬脊膜动静脉瘘和4例Cobb综合征.CTA对15例患者的分类和对病变累及范围的判断与DSA结果一致.CTA清晰显示了病变的主要供血动脉和引流静脉.5例动静脉瘘中4例CTA判断的瘘口位置与DSA所见一敛,另1例为复杂血管畸形,瘘口难以辨别.CTA还清晰显示了4例Cobb综合征位于椎旁和皮下的畸形血管团.结论 64层螺旋CTA可以判定脊髓血管畸形的类型,快速、无创地显示其主要病变特征,可作为该病的筛查手段.     

血管畸形和中间性血管肿瘤的影像鉴别诊断

目的 探讨血管畸形和血管中间性肿瘤的影像鉴别诊断.方法 回顾性分析58例血管畸形和血管中间性肿瘤患者的影像表现.结果 血管畸形42例,CT与MRI显示病变边缘均呈不规则形,边界清晰,CT与X线显示5例病变对邻近骨质产生压迫改变.31例MRI中,T2WI 3例旱较高信号(接近脂肪信号),28例呈混杂高信号(高于脂肪信号),其中20例在病变区显示圆形血管样高信号.血管中间性肿瘤16例,CT与MRI显示7例肿块呈类圆形,边界规则,8例肿块呈分叶状,1例边缘呈"蟹爪"状,5例瘤周可见水肿和占位效应,CT与x线显示3例周围骨质产生侵蚀改变,2例肿瘤在骨内可形成溶骨性破坏.11例MRI中,T2WI11例呈较高信号.结论 血管畸形和血管中间性肿瘤影像表现不同.     

鼻咽部血管纤维瘤的影像学诊断价值

目的：探讨鼻咽部血管纤维瘤影像学的价值。方法：回顾分析经手术病理证实的血管纤维瘤的CT、MRI、DSA特征，CT检查13例，MRI4例和DSA3例，同时完成2项或3项检查分别为4例和3例。结果：13例均显示出病变的部位及范围，CT平扫示软组织块为等密度或稍高密度。MRI示肿块T1WI呈等于或略高于肌肉信号，T2WI呈高信号。肿块增强扫描明显强化，CT强化密度曲线呈速升缓降型；MRI信号增强率升高。3例DSA显示供血情况以及营养血管的特征。结论：血管纤维瘤有特征性的CT和MRI表现，CT动态扫描、MRI增强率的表达及DSA有助于诊断和鉴别诊断。     

头颈部血管瘤及血管畸形的CT、MRI诊断

目的:分析头颈部血管瘤及血管畸形的CT、MRI表现,探讨其诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:搜集经手术病理或DSA证实,临床及影像资料完整的47例头颈部血管瘤或血管畸形病例的资料,对其进行回顾性分析。CT检查33例,MRI检查14例。结果:海绵状血管瘤21例,T1WI呈均匀等或低信号,T2WI呈高信号,增强扫描呈中等不均匀强化并可见纡曲血管强化;CT平扫呈不均匀等密度、囊状低密度,3例可见圆点状静脉石,增强扫描轻至中等度强化,其中6例见线条状粗大纡曲血管影。蔓状血管瘤23例,病变弥漫,无明显边界。T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号,其内见粗大的流空血管影及低信号静脉石,增强扫描明显不均匀强化;CT平扫等密度,见高密度圆点状静脉石,增强明显强化,可见蚯蚓状粗大血管团。淋巴管瘤3例,边界清楚,平扫为低密度,增强扫描无明显强化。结论:CT及MRI可较好显示头颈部血管畸形,蔓状血管瘤为动静脉畸形或高流速血管畸形,影像见粗大纡曲的血管影。低流速的静脉畸形、淋巴管畸形须与头颈部其它囊性病变鉴别。     

椎管内血管畸形的血管造影诊断与血管内介入治疗

目的:探讨椎管内血管畸形的血管造影诊断与血管内介入治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析66例椎管内血管畸形的选择性动脉造影与栓塞治疗资料。结果:66例椎管内血管畸形的血管造影表现为隐匿性髓内血管畸形者6例,余60例均能显示病变的范围、血供情况及其特征。12例髓内动静脉畸形、17例硬脊膜动静脉瘘和9例髓周动静脉瘘接受了栓塞治疗,其愈显率分别为58.3%、64.7%和66.7%。所有栓塞病例均无严重并发症发生。结论:经选择性血管造影确诊后行栓塞治疗是椎管内血管畸形安全有效的治疗手段。     

脊髓血管畸形病变磁共振成像技术分析

目的 探讨脊髓血管畸形(SVM)病变的磁共振成像技术方法及临床应用价值.方法 回顾分析16例椎管内SVM患者资料,并由DSA检查证实.使用GE Signa 1.5T EXCITE HD磁共振机,GE ADW4.3工作站进行图像后处理,磁共振脉冲序列:矢状面T1WI、T2WI,轴位T2WI及斜冠状面CE-MRA.扫描完后将数据传至工作站,进行图像后处理,观察椎管内SVM的磁共振影像学特征.结果 16例椎管内SVM中,椎管内血管流空现象是椎管内SVM特征性MRI表现,CE-MRA常显示为蚯蚓样或杂乱无章高信号影.结论 MR对诊断椎管内SVM病变安全可靠,可作为首选筛查方法.     

CT减影技术诊断脑动静脉畸形的临床应用

目的 评价64排螺旋CT减影CT血管造影技术诊断脑动静脉畸形(AVM)的临床价值.方法 17例脑AVM患者行64排螺旋CT减影CT血管造影检查,对畸形血管团的数目、位置、范围、供血动脉的分布及引流静脉的方向等进行统计分析.结果 本组病例中减影CTA共发现17个病灶,与DSA和手术所见比较,1个直径1.2 cm的病灶被漏诊.减影CTA诊断脑AVM的敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为94.4%、100%、94.4%.减影CTA在显示细小供血动脉的清晰程度低于DSA,其判断脑AVM供血动脉的敏感度为83.0%.减影CTA对引流静脉的显示与DSA影像和手术所见一致. 结论 64排螺旋CT减影CTA可作为评价脑AVM的检查方法.     

多层螺旋CT脊髓血管成像的初步研究

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像（CTA）在脊髓血管病变诊断中的价值。方法 对MRI及临床表现符合脊髓血管病的10例患者行CTA。其中7例于1周内行DSA检查，4例行手术治疗。CT扫描采用Toshiba Aquilion 64层CT扫描机，采用多平面重组、曲面重组、最大密度投影、容积重组方法进行图像后处理。主要从分型、显示病变范围、供血动脉、瘘口及引流静脉等方面对CTA图像进行评价，并与DSA及手术结果对照。结果10例患者CTA均显示了脊髓血管畸形；3例为髓内动静脉畸形，2例为髓周动静脉瘘，5例为硬脊膜动静脉瘘。所有病例均清楚显示病变范围及引流静脉，除1例患者有2根血管为假阳性，其余患者均清楚显示供血动脉并与DSA检查结果一致。结论 CTA对脊髓血管病变的诊断有较大价值，可作为DSA检查前的筛选检查。     

Multidetector CT angiography of the aortoiliac system and lower extremities: a prospective comparison with digital subtraction angiography

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine whether multidetector CT (MDCT) angiography is an accurate and reliable method of revealing atheroocclusive disease of the aortoiliac system and the lower extremities compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients with ischemic legs underwent both MDCT angiography and DSA of the aortoiliac system and the legs. The arterial supply of the legs was divided into 35 segments. Three independent observers rated each segment according to the maximal degree of arterial stenosis. Consensus interpretation was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of MDCT angiography in showing arterial occlusions and stenoses of at least 75%. Intertechnique agreement was measured for each anatomic segment, and interobserver agreement was calculated for both techniques. Agreement was quantified using the kappa statistic. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of MDCT angiography for depicting arterial occlusions and stenoses of at least 75% were 88.6% and 97.7%, and 92.2% and 96.8%, respectively. Substantial intertechnique agreement (kappa > 0.4) was present in 102 (97.1%) of 105 arterial segments. Substantial interobserver agreement was present in 104 (99.0%) of 105 comparisons for both MDCT angiography and DSA with an average kappa value of 0.84 for CT and 0.78 for DSA. MDCT angiography showed more patent segments than DSA (1192 vs 1091). All nine segments seen on DSA and not seen on MDCT angiography were in the calves. Of 110 segments seen on MDCT angiography and not seen on DSA, 100 (90.9%) were in the calves. CONCLUSION: MDCT angiography was accurate in showing arterial atheroocclusive disease with reliability similar to DSA. MDCT angiography showed more vascular segments than DSA, particularly within calf vessels.     

颈内动脉海绵窦段创伤性假性动脉瘤破入蝶窦的CT和MRI诊断

目的评价CT和MRI对颈内动脉海绵窦段创伤性假性动脉瘤（TPA）破入蝶窦的诊断价值.方法对经DSA证实的6例海绵窦段TPA破入蝶窦的CT和MRI资料进行回顾性分析.全部患者均行CT检查,5例行MR检查.结果6例颈内动脉海绵窦段TPA中,CT平扫均显示蝶窦侧壁骨折及其密度增高,2例CT增强扫描均可见蝶窦呈明显均匀强化,强化程度与正常血管一致,海绵窦扩大,1例CT血管成像（CTA）明确显示动脉瘤体与瘤颈.5例行MR SE序列平扫,患者均表现为分层状混杂长T1、混杂长T2信号的血栓,4例尚可见瘤腔内的流空现象;3例增强扫描示蝶窦呈明显均匀强化,强化程度与正常血管一致,其中1例在相位编码方向上流动伪影明显;2例MR血管成像均明确显示瘤体与瘤颈.结论CT和MRI是诊断颈内动脉海绵窦段TPA破入蝶窦的有效非创伤性检查,并可作为手术前后长期随访的良好检查方法.     

颅内动静脉瘘的CT和MRI诊断价值

目的:探讨CT和MRI对颅内动静脉瘘的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析18例颅内动静脉瘘的CT和MRI表现。18例均经DSA检查明确诊断。其中12例行CT检查;16例行MRI检查,同期6例行MRA检查。结果:颅内动静脉瘘的CT和MRI的特征性表现为脑沟、脑裂、基底池内血管影增粗、增多,呈散在分布,受累及的静脉窦增粗,且病变区没有畸形血管团。海绵窦硬脑膜动静脉瘘在T2WI上表现为局部流空信号增宽,MRA原始图像显示局部有较丰富的异常纤细血流信号。结论:认识颅内动静脉瘘的CT和MRI表现,有助于早期诊断及治疗。MRI对显示软脑膜血管扩张优于CT。选择性脑血管造影是确诊本病的可靠手段。     

特殊部位骨巨细胞瘤的CT、MR及DSA表现

目的 探讨特殊部位骨巨细胞瘤的影像学表现,提高诊断及鉴别诊断水平. 方法 回顾分析经手术病理证实的11例特殊部位骨巨细胞瘤患者资料,分析其CT、MRI及DSA表现.11例骨巨细胞瘤,有4例位于髂骨,3例位于骶椎,2例位于坐骨,跟骨及颞骨各1例. 结果 (1)CT:表现为膨胀性、溶骨性骨质破坏区;无明显钙化,无明显骨膜反应.(2)MRI:T_1WI以等低信号为主,T_2WI表现以等或稍高为主混杂信号.5例患者T_1WI、T_2WI肿块内见曲线状低信号带,2例可见亮斑征.(3)DSA:肿瘤血供丰富,供血动脉增粗扭曲,可见肿瘤血管及肿瘤染色.结论综合运用影像学成像手段,可提高对特殊部位骨巨细胞瘤的认识.     

Evaluation of renal arteries in living renal donors: comparison between MDCT angiography and gadolinium-enhanced 3D MR angiography

Purpose The purpose of this study was to clarify and compare the accuracy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) angiography using multidetector-row helical CT (MDCT angiography) and gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography using three-dimensional Fourier transformation gradient-echo sequence (3D MR angiography) for preoperative evaluation of renal arteries in living renal donors. Materials and methods A total of 42 living renal donor candidates underwent both MDCT angiography and 3D MR angiography before digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Each MDCT angiogram and 3D MR angiogram was prospectively interpreted, and the findings were compared with the DSA results. Results MDCT angiography identified all of the 12 supernumerary arteries detected by DSA, whereas 3D MR angiography identified only 8. MDCT angiography identified all of the 19 proximal arterial branches detected by DSA, whereas 3D MR angiography identified only 16. Conclusion A more accurate depiction of renal arteries in living renal donors can be achieved with MDCT angiography than with 3D MR angiography.     

Comparison of spiral multidetector CT angiography and myocardial perfusion imaging in the noninvasive detection of functionally relevant coronary artery lesions: first clinical experiences.

Compared with conventional coronary angiography, spiral multidetector CT (MDCT) angiography has delivered promising accuracy in the detection and validation of coronary lesions. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using SPECT is an established method for noninvasively assessing the functional significance of coronary stenoses and delivers valuable information for risk stratification. This retrospective analysis compared the accuracies of MDCT angiography and MPI in the detection of hemodynamically relevant lesions of the coronary arteries. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease were studied. Electrocardiographically gated MPI and 16-MDCT angiography were performed. Myocardial perfusion images were analyzed by 2 experienced observers, and reversible and fixed perfusion defects were detected and allocated to their corresponding coronary vessels. For the evaluation of MDCT angiography, image quality was determined, and lesions > or = 50% and luminal narrowing < 50% were visually assessed and characterized by 2 independent observers unaware of the results of MPI. RESULTS: Ninety-nine coronary vessels were analyzed, and the quality of MDCT angiography images was assessed for 330 coronary segments. Coronary artery diameter was interpretable for 231 (70%) of 330 segments, whereas in 99 (30%) of 330 segments, vessel diameter could not be evaluated because of heavy calcifications, blurring, motion artifacts, or intracoronary stents. MDCT angiography detected stenoses > or = 50% in 15 of 100 coronary arteries. Eight (53%) of 15 stenoses > or = 50% showed reversible or fixed perfusion defects in the corresponding myocardial areas on MPI. Sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values were 100%, 87%, 100%, and 29%, respectively, for the ability of MDCT angiography to detect reversible perfusion defects in the corresponding myocardial areas. CONCLUSION: MDCT angiography detected myocardial ischemia, as defined by reversible perfusion defects on MPI, with a positive predictive value of 29% in a nonselected study cohort. Compared with MPI alone, MDCT angiography added important morphologic information, but MPI remains mandatory for evaluating the functional relevance of coronary artery lesions.     

下肢动脉闭塞性病变的320层CTA与DSA对照研究

目的对照DSA,评价320层螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）对诊断下肢动脉闭塞性病变的临床应用价值。方法对30例下肢动脉闭塞性病变的患者行320层CTA及DSA检查。CT数据在东芝工作站处理,采用最大密度投影、容积重建及多平面重建技术。DSA采用步进跟踪造影技术或分段DSA进行下肢血管检查,分析CTA与DSA结果。将肾动脉水平以下腹主动脉及单侧下肢动脉分为15个节段,本组病例共900节段,进行盲法评估。结果在全部900个动脉节段中,2种检查诊断Ⅲ及Ⅳ级病变准确率、灵敏度及特异度分别为98％、99％、98％。在评估主动脉、髂动脉节段的准确率、灵敏度及特异度分别为98%、100％、99％。在评估股动脉、胭动脉节段的准确率、灵敏度及特异度分别为98％、100％、99％。在评估胭动脉以下水平的动脉节段的准确率、灵敏度及特异度分别为98％、97％、99％。另有1个节段在320CTA显示不清,49个节段在DSA显示不清,无法评估。结论320层CT血管造影对下肢动脉闭塞性病变诊断准确率较高,较DSA能显示更多节段,可为制订介入治疗方案及临床治疗计划提供较准确的参考依据。