共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Karmen Schmidt Andrew Zimmerman Margaret Bauman Christine Ferrone Jacob Venter Jessaca Spybrook Charles Henry 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2013,43(4):973-977
Prior investigations suggest that birth order position may be associated with the risk for developing a pervasive developmental disorder. This retrospective chart review examined the birth order status of 29 psychiatrically-referred patients with Asperger’s Syndrome (AS). Eighty-six percent of the subjects were first born. The finding was statistically significant when compared to an expected random distribution of AS subjects χ2 (1, N = 29) = 9.18, p < 0.01. The reasons for such an association are unclear though birth stoppage, obstetric complications, and immunological mechanisms may play a role. 相似文献
2.
Stefano Taddei Bastianina Contena 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2013,43(12):2977-2983
Autism spectrum disorders include autistic and Asperger’s Syndrome (AS), often studied in terms of executive functions (EF), with controversial results. Using Planning Attention Simultaneous Successive theory (PASS; Das et al. in Assessment of cognitive processes: the PASS theory of intelligence. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA, 1994), this research compares the cognitive profiles obtained by the Cognitive Assessment System (CAS; Naglieri and Das in Cognitive assessment system. Riverside, Itasca, IL, 1997) of 15 subjects with typical development, 18 with autistic disorder and 20 with AS. Results highlight lower profiles for children with autistic and AS compared with typical development and even lower Planning and Attention processes for the group with autistic disorders than that with Asperger’s. Subjects with Asperger’s diagnosis do not differ from those with typical development as regards Simultaneous and Successive processes. Results are discussed in the light of current studies about EF. 相似文献
3.
Twenty-nine children with Asperger’s syndrome and 28 typically developing children, matched on gender, chronological age and
nonverbal IQ, were asked to produce a free drawing, then requested to draw a person, a house and a tree. The drawings were
scored using standardized procedures for assessing accuracy, detail and complexity. There were no differences between the
diagnostic groups on the tree or house drawing scores. The human figure drawing scores of children with Asperger’s syndrome
were significantly lower than those of the typically developing children, and there was a positive correlation between human
figure drawing scores and communication sub-scores on the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales, for the Asperger’s group. These
results suggest that the selective deficit in generating human figure representations may derive from a relative lack of interest
in the social world, and/or limited practice in drawing people. 相似文献
4.
O'Connor K 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2007,37(10):2008-2013
The aim of the present experiment was to examine the ability of adults with Asperger’s syndrome and age-matched typically-developing
controls to identify incongruent and congruent emotional information from the face and voice. In the first part of the experiment,
participants determined whether simultaneously presented expressive faces and voices were the same or different. In the second
part, participants identified expressive faces and voices in isolation. Results showed that relative to controls, adults with
AS were less accurate at distinguishing between congruent and incongruent expressive faces and voices. Both groups obtained
similar accuracy to expressive faces and voices presented in isolation. These findings may partially explain some of the difficulties
individuals on the autistic spectrum have with social interaction. 相似文献
5.
Hardan AY Girgis RR Adams J Gilbert AR Melhem NM Keshavan MS Minshew NJ 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2008,38(2):390-394
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between thalamic volume and brain size in individuals with Asperger’s
disorder (ASP). Volumetric measurements of the thalamus were performed on MRI scans obtained from 12 individuals with ASP
(age range: 10–35 years) and 12 healthy controls (age range: 9–33 years). A positive correlation was found between total brain
volume and thalamic size in controls, but not in ASP subjects. This occurred in the absence of differences in mean thalamic
volumes between the study groups. Findings from this investigation point to an abnormal relationship between the thalamus
and its projection areas in ASP and are consistent with similar studies in autism, supporting that these disorders are qualitatively
similar and possibly quantitatively different. 相似文献
6.
Kathrin Hippler Essi Viding Christian Klicpera Francesca Happé 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2010,40(6):774-780
Hans Asperger originally used the term “autistic psychopathy” to describe his patients on the autism spectrum, leading to a possible confusion with psychopathic disorder and delinquent behaviour. We conducted a penal register search for 177 former patients of Asperger’s clinic with a childhood diagnosis of “autistic psychopathy” or features of the disorder in Austria. The mean percentage of registered convictions was similar to that in the general male population of Austria over the studied time period. A qualitative assessment of offence types in Asperger’s former patients suggests that the nature of offences does not differ from that in the general population. In this original cohort of Asperger’s patients, convictions were no more common than in the general male population. 相似文献
7.
The first case study of identical male twins concordant for DSM-IV Asperger’s disorder (ASD) was presented. Their monozygocity
was confirmed by short tandem repeat analyses with a probability of 99.999963%. Despite sharing the same DNA and environment,
the twins are different in comorbidity (i.e., major depressive disorder in the elder and absence seizure in the younger) and
in IQs and motor performance (i.e., the elder was lower in IQs and clumsier). Both of them were normal in computed tomographic
scanning and magnetic resonance imaging discordant with some previous reports of brain imaging abnormalities in ASD. Further
studies are needed to clarify inherited/acquired epigenetic defects and brain imaging abnormalities relating to behavioral
phenotypes in ASD twins. 相似文献
8.
Natalia M. Kleinhans Todd Richards Kurt E. Weaver Olivia Liang Geraldine Dawson Elizabeth Aylward 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2009,39(7):1079-1086
Amygdala dysfunction has been proposed as a critical contributor to social impairment in autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
The current study investigated biochemical abnormalities in the amygdala in 20 high functioning adults with autistic disorder
or Asperger’s disorder and 19 typically developing adults matched on age and IQ. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used
to measure N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine/phosphocreatine (Cre), choline/choline containing compounds (Cho), and Myoinositol (mI)
in the right and left amygdala. There were no significant between-group differences in any of the metabolites. However, NAA
and Cre levels were significantly correlated to clinical ratings on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. This suggests
that altered metabolite levels in the amygdala may be associated with a more severe early developmental course in ASD. 相似文献
9.
Mohammad Ghaziuddin 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2010,40(9):1146-1148
The DSM IV defines Asperger syndrome (AS) as a pervasive developmental (autistic spectrum) disorder characterized by social
deficits and rigid focused interests in the absence of language impairment and cognitive delay. Since its inclusion in the
DSM-IV, there has been a dramatic increase in its recognition both in children and adults. However, because studies have generally
failed to demonstrate a clear distinction between AS and autism, some researchers have called for its elimination from the
forthcoming DSM V. This report argues for a modification of its diagnostic criteria and its continued retention in the diagnostic
manual. 相似文献
10.
Siaperas P Ring HA McAllister CJ Henderson S Barnett A Watson P Holland AJ 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2012,42(5):718-725
The aims of this study were to investigate whether individuals with AS have impaired motor abilities and sensorimotor processing
and whether these impairments were age-related. Sensorimotor abilities were examined using the Movement Assessment Battery
for Children-2, and the Sensory Integration Praxis Test. Fifty boys with AS aged 7–14 years old were compared with typically
developing boys. Overall, children with AS showed significant impairment of movement performance as well as proprioceptive
and vestibular processing. There were no interaction effects of age and clinical group on level of performance deficit in
any of the modalities tested. Increasing our understanding of motor and sensory impairment in AS could have treatment implications
for those supporting individuals with AS. 相似文献
11.
Katie E. Slocombe Ivan Alvarez Holly P. Branigan Tjeerd Jellema Hollie G. Burnett Anja Fischer Yan Hei Li Simon Garrod Liat Levita 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2013,43(6):1423-1436
Individuals with Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) often have difficulties with social interactions and conversations. We investigated if these difficulties could be attributable to a deficit in the ability to linguistically converge with an interlocutor, which is posited to be important for successful communication. To that end, participants completed two cooperative tasks with a confederate, which allowed us to measure linguistic alignment with the confederate in terms of lexical choice, syntactic structure and spatial frame of reference. There was no difference in the performance of individuals with AS and matched controls and both groups showed significant alignment with the confederate at all three levels. We conclude that linguistic alignment is intact in adults with AS engaged in structured, goal-directed social interactions. 相似文献
12.
Alice C. Burnett David C. Reutens Amanda G. Wood 《Journal of clinical neuroscience》2010,17(3):283-286
Turner’s Syndrome (TS), or X-monosomy, is a common chromosomal disorder in women, and provides a valuable paradigm to investigate genotypic contributions to social cognition. We review evidence suggesting that some facets of social cognition, particularly emotion recognition and gaze perception, are impaired in women with TS, despite the absence of a global social-processing impairment. Further, these deficits co-exist with neuroanatomical abnormalities of the amygdala and other regions implicated in social processing. A parallel is drawn between the non-verbal profile of sociocognitive dysfunction in TS and autism spectrum disorders, possibly underpinned by genomic imprinting effects. TS provides a unique opportunity to identify genetic, and particularly sex chromosome, influences on social cognition and behaviour. 相似文献
13.
Emotional Modulation of Perception in Asperger’s Syndrome 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Using an attentional blink paradigm, we show that the typical enhancement of perception for emotionally arousing events is significantly reduced in Asperger's syndrome (AS) at short inter-target intervals. Control experiments demonstrate that this finding cannot be attributed to differences in the perceived arousal of the stimuli, or to a global impairment affecting any type of modulation of perceptual encoding. Because a functioning amygdala is critical for emotional modulation of the attentional blink, the findings support a role for the amygdala in the pathophysiology of AS. More specifically, they suggest there is a fundamental failure of the amygdala to modulate processing in cortex, a concept at the heart of some recent theories of amygdala involvement in the aetiology of autistic-spectrum disorders. 相似文献
14.
Channon S Lagnado D Fitzpatrick S Drury H Taylor I 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2011,41(11):1534-1542
Sensitivity to intentionality in people with Asperger’s syndrome (AS) and matched controls was investigated using two scenario-based
tasks. The first compared intentional and unintentional human actions and physical events leading to the same negative outcomes.
The second compared intentional actions that varied in their subjective and objective likelihood of bringing about a negative
outcome. Whilst adults with AS did not differ from controls in their judgments of causality, or in their blame judgments in
relation to non-mentalistic factors, they showed heightened sensitivity to mentalistic considerations in their attributions
of blame. They made greater differentiation than controls between intentional and unintentional actions, and also between
actions that the protagonists believed to be likely versus unlikely to lead to negative consequences. 相似文献
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17.
Jifang Cui Dingguo Gao Yinghe Chen Xiaobing Zou Ya Wang 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2010,40(8):958-967
Using a battery of working memory span tasks and n-back tasks, this study aimed to explore working memory functions in early-school-age
children with Asperger’s syndrome (AS). Twelve children with AS and 29 healthy children matched on age and IQ were recruited.
Results showed: (a) children with AS performed better in digit and word recall tasks, but worse in block recall task and variant-visual-patterns
test; (b) children with AS took longer time in most conditions of n-back tasks, and showed larger effects of task load. These
findings indicated imbalance of working memory development in AS children: they had advantage in the phonological loop storing,
but disadvantage in the visuospatial sketchpad storing, and partial deficit in central executive. 相似文献
18.
This paper reviews the literature examining social skills training (SST) programs for youth with AS/HFA, with an emphasis
on critically evaluating efficacy and highlighting areas of future research. The review highlights the disparity between SST
programs described in the extant literature, including lack of a universal definition of social skills, various levels of
intensity and duration of treatment, divergent theoretical backgrounds, and variety in services provided in clinic or classroom
settings. Overall, it is clear that, despite their widespread clinical use, empirical support for SST programs for children
with AS/HFA is minimal at this time. Based on this critical review, a “roadmap” for future research, consistent with recommendations
put forth by a leading group of autism researchers, is presented. 相似文献
19.
Brown BT Morris G Nida RE Baker-Ward L 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2012,42(3):441-446
The development of the personal past is complex, requiring the operation of multiple components of cognitive and social functioning.
Because many of these components are affected by autism spectrum disorders, it is likely that autobiographical memory in children
with Asperger’s Disorder (AD) will be impaired. We predicted that the memory narratives of children with AD, in comparison
to typically-developing peers, would reflect less personal interpretation as evidenced by internal states language. Thirty
children with AD and 20 typically-developing children aged 6–14 reported their earliest memories and two emotional experiences
(one positive and one negative). Consistent with our predictions, children with AD included fewer emotional, cognitive, and
perceptual terms than the comparison sample. 相似文献
20.
Hobson (Autism and the development of mind. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hove, UK 1993) has proposed that the cognitive and linguistic disabilities that characterise autism result from abnormalities in inter-subjective
engagement during infancy, which in turn results in impaired reflective self-awareness. The aim of the present study was to
test Hobson’s hypothesis by examining self-understanding in Asperger’s syndrome (AS) using Damon and Hart’s (Self-understanding
in childhood and adolescence. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988) model of self-concept. Ten participants with Asperger’s syndrome were compared with ten non AS controls using the Self-understanding
Interview (Damon and Hart in Self-understanding in Childhood and Adolescence. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988). The study found that the Asperger’s group demonstrated impairment in the “self-as-object” and “self-as-subject” domains
of the Self-understanding Interview, which supported Hobson’s concept of an impaired capacity for self-awareness and self-reflection
in people with ASD. The results are discussed with reference to previous research regarding the development of self-understanding
in people with ASD. 相似文献