中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的光学相干断层扫描观察

目的 探讨中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变浆液性脱离区的光学相干断层扫描图像特点.方法 对30例（31眼）经FFA诊断为中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的患者行OCT检查,对浆液性脱离区进行测量和观察.结果 光学相干断层扫描图像可以清晰显示浆液性脱离区,表现为视网膜神经上皮脱离、色素上皮脱离、神经上皮脱离伴色素上皮脱离三种形式.结论 OCT能显示中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者的病变直观图像并能观察病情程度.对随访病情变化有指导意义.     

中心性浆液性视网膜脉络膜病变的光学相干断层扫描图像改变

目的　研究中心性浆液性视网膜脉络膜病变 (CSC)的光学相干断层扫描 (OCT)图像的变化。方法　对 4 2例患者的 4 4眼进行OCT检查 ,对其进行动态观察和测量 ,分析其结果。结果　根据OCT图像 ,病变表现为视网膜神经上皮层脱离、神经上皮层和色素上皮层同时脱离、色素上皮脱离 3种不同形式。结论　OCT对CSC的诊断和判断治疗的预后有临床应用价值     

SD-OCT观察CSCR形态学改变与视力的关系

目的:探讨急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(central serious chorioretinopathy,CSCR)黄斑区形态学的改变与视力恢复的关系。方法:选取急性CSCR患者38例38眼,根据最佳矫正视力进行分组,第一组BCVA为1.0~0.6(log MAR 0~0.176)者17例(45%),第二组BCVA为0.6~0.3(log MAR 0.176~0.477)者19例(50%),第三组BCVA低于6/18(log MAR0.477)者2例(5%)。应用频域OCT进行检查。结果:患者平均年龄42.50±5.41岁,平均log MAR视力为0.176±0.0185,RPE脱离21眼(55%),其中单处脱离14眼(67%),多处脱离7眼(33%),RPE不规则凸起7眼(18%),单纯RPE层颗粒状沉积5眼(13%)。平均神经上皮层脱离高度是259.11±128.78μm。神经上皮层脱离区外核层的厚度第一组为70.1±9.08μm,6mo后为66.5±8.13μm;第二组为81.6±8.16μm,6mo后为67.8±7.49μm;第三组为91.9±8.03μm,6mo后为58.6±7.26μm;差异均具有显著性。急性期光感受器层平均厚度为93.10μm,6mo后平均为75.69μm(P=0.012)。结论:在急性期CSCR视力与黄斑区神经上皮层脱离范围尤其是脱离高度及外核层的厚度有密切的关系,而色素上皮层脱离的类型、部位及是否存在纤维沉积与视力无明显关系。恢复期CSCR视力与外核层变薄有着显著地联系。     

光学相干断层成像术对Vogt-小柳原田综合征早期诊断的意义

目的评估光学相干断层成像术(OCT)对Vogt-小柳原田综合征(VKH)早期诊断的意义。方法对9例16眼VKH患者早期行OCT检查,并行彩色眼底照相,荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)。全部病例均应用糖皮质激素冲击治疗1周后复查OCT1~2次。结果9例16眼VKH患者早期OCT检查表现为视网膜神经上皮层浆液性脱离、隆起呈泡状或多囊状,其脱离高度176~1209μm,平均高度(864·0±234·4)μm。经糖皮质激素冲击治疗1周,浆液性渗出迅速吸收,视网膜神经上皮脱离高度下降至141~220μm,平均(170·6±31·0)μm,与治疗前比较具有统计学上的差异(P<0·01)。结论在VKH早期,患眼视网膜神经上皮显著增厚、浆液性视网膜脱离,OCT在VKH早期诊断和治疗效果的观察评估中具有重要意义。     

视网膜复位术后非屈光性视物变形患者的黄斑光学相干断层成像术检查

目的　应用光学相干断层成像术 (opticalcoherencetomography ,OCT)研究巩膜扣带术后非屈光性视物变形患者的黄斑复位情况 ,探讨视物变形的原因和预后。方法　选择 82例 ( 82眼 )原发性裂孔性视网膜脱离患者 ,均经巩膜扣带术获得视网膜解剖复位但主诉视物变形 ,验光后无法矫正 ,利用OCT对黄斑区进行经中心凹水平和垂直线形扫描。结果　OCT检查患眼黄斑区有神经上皮下积液、神经上皮水肿、神经上皮变薄、黄斑前膜、黄斑下膜和黄斑区视网膜下出血 6种异常表现。其中 ,神经上皮下积液共 67眼 ( 82 % ) ,脱离高度平均为 ( 12 1± 10 1 3 6) μm ,脱离范围从 2 46μm到整个扫描区神经上皮下积液 ;神经上皮水肿共 11眼 ,中心凹处神经上皮厚度平均为 ( 3 64± 5 8) μm ;神经上皮变薄共 9眼 ,中心凹处神经上皮厚度平均 ( 92± 13 84) μm。 结论　OCT不仅能够精确的检测巩膜扣带术后黄斑复位情况 ,解释非屈光性视物变形的原因 ,而且能够对术后黄斑进行定量测定和随访 ,对病情预后有重要意义     

渗出型老年黄斑变性患者眼底相干光断层成像结果分析

目的：了解渗出型老年黄斑变性（age-related macular degeneration,AMD）患者的眼底相干光断层成像（optical coherence tomography,OCT）特征。方法：对经常规检查、荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA）、吲哚青绿脉络血管造影（indocyanine green angiography,ICGA）确诊的渗出型AMD患者38例（42只眼）行眼底OCT检查,分析其图像资料,并与其FFA和ICGA检查结果进行比较。结果：OCT图像特征：典型纤维性新生血管膜34只眼,浆液性视网膜神经上皮脱离38只眼,视网膜神经纤维层脱离合并层间水肿8只眼,出血性和浆液性视网膜色素上皮（retinal pigment epithelium,RPE）脱离分别为11只眼和9只眼。结论：渗出型AMD患者眼底OCT图像特征为典型的纤维性新生血管膜合并浆液性视网膜神经上皮脱离、视网膜神经纤维层脱离、浆液性和出血性RPE脱离。上述图像特点证实和补充了FFA和ICGA检查结果,有助于渗出型AMD的诊断和评价。     

OCT在Vogt-小柳原田综合征临床诊疗中的作用

目的 探讨频域相干光断层扫描(Optical Coherence Tonography,OCT)在Vogt-小柳原田综合征(VKH)临床诊疗过程中的作用.方法 对14例28只眼VKH患者早期行OCT检查,并行荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA).全部病例均应用甲强龙冲击3天后糖皮质激素口服治疗,在用药前、口服药前及口服强的松1周、1个后月均行OCT检查.结果 14例28只眼VKH患者早期OCT检查表现为视网膜神经上皮层及色素上皮层渗出性脱离、隆起呈泡状或多囊状.神经上皮最大脱离高度4058μm,最小脱离高度156 μm,平均(2869±138.65)μm,最大脱离直径超过6 mm扫描范围,最小直径1348 μm,色素上皮单发或多发脱离,应用甲强龙冲击3天后神经上皮脱离快速消退,神经上皮最大脱离高度2058 μm,最小脱离高度49μm,平均(1345±115.85) μm,最大脱离直径2568 μm,最小直径563μm,平均(1078±98.43)μm,与治疗前对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).用药7～10天后 神经上皮及色素上皮脱离均消退,视乳头水肿明显减轻,所有患者均恢复至发病前视力,1个月后黄斑区神经上皮及色素上皮恢复正常,合并视乳头水肿者水肿均消退,视力稳定无下降.结论 OCT在VKH临床早期诊断、诊疗效果的评价以及与患者沟通方面均具有重要临床意义.     

氩激光治疗中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的疗效

目的:观察氩激光视网膜光凝治疗中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(简称中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变)的疗效。方法:治疗组18例18眼,予氩激光视网膜光凝,同时口服卵磷脂络合碘、维生素B1、肌苷、维脑路通片等药物。对照组18例18眼口服卵磷脂络合碘、维生素B1、肌苷、维脑路通片等药物。分别于治疗前、1mo后、3mo后OCT测量黄斑中心凹厚度及神经上皮层脱离范围,比较两组黄斑中心凹厚度及神经上皮层脱离范围下降值。结果:治疗后1mo,OCT检查中心凹厚度下降值:治疗组256±72μm,对照组82±57μm,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);神经上皮层脱离范围下降值:治疗组3548μm±168μm,对照组1520±143μm,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗3mo后复查,OCT检查中心凹厚度下降值:治疗组383±75μm,对照组312±67μm,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);神经上皮层脱离范围下降值:治疗组4908±172μm,对照组4211±153μm,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:氩激光视网膜光凝治疗中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变是一有效治疗方法,能明显缩短病程。     

OCT在妊娠期高血压合并渗出性视网膜脱离治疗随诊中的应用

目的探讨妊娠期高血压合并渗出性视网膜脱离治疗过程中光学相干断层扫描（OCT）的成像特征,评价其对病情监测及判断预后的可行性。方法回顾性病例系列研究。研究对象2013年1月至2014年12月南方医科大学附属第三医院眼科确诊并进行随诊治疗的11例（22只眼）妊娠期高血压合并渗出性视网膜脱离的患者。妊娠期高血压患者出现渗出性视网膜脱离立即终止妊娠,经予硫酸镁解痉、硝苯地平降血压、甘露醇利尿脱水及糖皮质激素促进视网膜下积液吸收等治疗。分别在发病时、产后3、7、28d检查患者最佳矫正视力（BCVA）,OCT检测黄斑中心视网膜形态及厚度（CRT）,对治疗前后BCVA、视网膜神经上皮形态及CRT进行对比分析。结果妊娠期高血压合并渗出性视网膜脱离产后第3、7、28d检查,患眼平均BCVA比治疗前提高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;产后第3d视力提高明显,妊娠期高血压合并渗出性视网膜脱离OCT检查所有患眼视网膜神经上皮层浆液性脱离、神经上皮层结构破坏;治疗后神经上皮完全复位。结论OCT可明确显示妊娠期高血压渗出性视网膜脱离治疗过程中神经上皮脱离形态、厚度及结构恢复情况,可为妊娠期高血压渗出性视网膜脱离病情监测及预后评价提供有价值的无创的客观指标。     

中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜病变的光学相干断层扫描图像特征分析

目的观察中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜病变的光学相干断层扫描(OCT)图像特征。方法对中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜病变患者23例(23只眼)进行OCT检查并结合眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)结果进行测量、对比、分析。结果23只眼眼底黄斑中心凹或中心凹旁均有视网膜下新生血管(CNV)存在。边界清晰者占82.6%(19只眼),边界不清晰者占17.4%(4只眼)。全部突破Bruch膜及色素上皮层在神经上皮层下生长,伴有神经上皮层间水肿者78.9%(18只眼),伴神经上皮层浆液性脱离者10.5%(3只眼),伴出血性色素上皮脱离者5.3%(2只眼)。测量CNV最大直径和厚度分别为(1339.2±1010.8)μm、(230.8±111.5)μm。结论OCT检查可以发现中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜病变时视网膜下CNV的存在,是对FFA检查的重要补充。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Current Thoughts on the Aetiology of Ocular Changes during Contact Lens Wear

ABSTRACT: Contact lenses are known to produce changes to the ocular tissues, and this review attempts to give a comprehensive assemblage of the knowledge on the aetiology of such changes. To achieve this result, the changes are categorized by structure and function, and discussed according to the temporal nature of occurrence where appropriate. Although assessment of the importance of a particular tissue change is difficult, this overview enables some degree of judgement to be made on the aetiology of the major side-effects of contact lens wear. This gives a basis on which to modify aspects of contact lens wear to ultimately increase the success rate.     

The detection of motion in chromatic stimuli: first-order and second-order spatial structure

This study provides evidence for the existence of a low-level chromatic motion mechanism and further elucidates the conditions under which its operation becomes measurable in an experimental stimulus. Observers discriminated the direction of motion of amplitude modulated (AM) gratings that were defined by luminance or chromatic variation and masked with spatiotemporally broadband luminance or chromatic noise. The size and retinal location of the stimuli were varied and the effects of broadband noise and grating masks were both compared with the cohort of stimuli. Some significant disparities in the published literature were well explained by the results. In conclusion, evidence for a chromatically sensitive motion mechanism that evades the, detrimental effects of a luminance mask was found only at the fovea and only when the stimulus was small and centrally placed.     

Local chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of ocular malignancies

We critically analyze available peer-reviewed literature, including clinical trials and case reports, on local ocular cancer treatments. Recent innovations in many areas of ocular oncology have introduced promising new therapies, but, for the most part, the optimal treatment of ocular malignancies remains elusive.