茶树油的提取工艺优化试验研究

目的:以茶树油提取率为考察指标,研究茶树油的提取工艺.方法:采用正交试验进行优选,气相色谱法测定4-羟基萜烯含量.结果:影响茶树油提取率的主要因素是提取时间,对茶树油的提取有显著影响;其次是加水量,对茶树油的提取有较大影响;浸泡时间的影响最小.各因素对4-羟基萜烯含量无影响.结论:最佳的提取工艺为浸泡时间2 h,提取时间6 h,加水800 ml.     

基于GC-MS及HPLC-PDA对四花青皮活性成分的分析

目的:对四花青皮挥发性化学成分进行GC-MS分析，并结合HPLC-PDA对其6种主要活性成分进行定量分析。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取四花青皮中的挥发油，结合GC-MS分析其化学成分及相对含量，进一步建立HPLC方法同时测定四花青皮中6种活性成分辛弗林、橙皮苷、川陈皮素、3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-七甲氧基黄酮、橘皮素、5-羟基-6,7,8,3′,4′-五甲氧基黄酮的含量。结果:采用GC-MS分析从四花青皮中分离鉴定出的38种挥发性化合物，包括25种萜烯类、2种酯类、4种醇类、2种醛类、2种酚类、3种其他化合物。其中主要成分为柠檬烯(55.45%)、γ-松油烯(16.18%)、2-(甲氨基)苯甲酸甲酯(5%)、α-蒎烯(2.84%)以及β-蒎烯(2.75%)等。HPLC-PDA定量结果显示，四花青皮中活性成分以黄酮类为主，其中以橙皮苷的含量最高，多甲氧基黄酮类中，橘皮素、3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-七甲氧基黄酮、川陈皮素的含量较高，而5-羟基-6,7,8,3′,4′-五甲氧基黄酮含量较低。结论:建立了四花青皮的GC-MS和HPLC-PDA的分离鉴定方法，该法简便易行，可为四花青皮...     

莲须挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的 研究莲须的挥发油成分.方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取莲须挥发油,利用GC-MS对挥发油中的化学成分进行分离鉴定,并采用峰面积归一化法计算各成分相对百分含量.结果 从莲须挥发油中鉴定出44种化学成分,占总成分的89.98%,主要为脂肪酸、萜烯、烷烃类成分.结论 该实验为莲须的综合利用提供了一定的科学依据.     

北极蒿与中药常用蒿属植物的化学成分比较

目的比较北极蒿与三种中药常用蒿属植物的化学成分并对北极蒿的化学成分进行初步研究。方法采用薄层色谱及GC-MS比较小极性成分及挥发油的区别;采用HPLC指纹图谱对极性较大成分进行比较。结论从北极蒿挥发油中分离出52个色谱峰,共鉴定了48个成分,占挥发油总成分的92%以上,其主要成分为香木兰烷-4-醇（24.73%）。经HPLC指纹图谱分析,北极蒿与其他三种植物主要成分相似,但北极蒿的化学成分集中且含量高。青蒿、北极蒿、艾叶、茵陈中绿原酸含量分别是0.065%,0.617%,0.178%,0.192%,北极蒿中绿原酸含量是其它三种植物的六倍之多,提示有较高研究价值。     

提取方法对芥子挥发油化学成分的影响

目的研究提取方法对芥子挥发油化学成分的影响.方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取芥子挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱/质谱/数据系统联用方法对芥子未焦糊、完全焦糊状态挥发油的化学成分进行了分析,用气相色谱面积归一法分别计算了各成分的相对百分含量.结果芥子未焦糊状态挥发油与完全焦糊状态挥发油的化学成分有明显差异,但两者的主要化学成分均为烯丙基异硫氰酸酯、4-异硫氰基-1-丁烯,前者主成分含量高于后者.结论提取方法对挥发油的化学成分有明显影响,芥子未焦糊状态更有利于异硫氰酸酯类物质的富集.     

羌活挥发性成分的气相色谱/质谱分析

目的 分析中药羌活的挥发性化学成分.方法 本实验通过水蒸汽蒸馏法提取中药羌活中的挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪进行分析鉴定,峰面积归一化法表示各挥发性成分的相对含量.结果 本实验共分离鉴别出195个化学成分,其中77个化学成分匹配度都在90％以上,占挥发油总量的65.57％.其中含量高于1％成分的有15个,以(1R)-(+)-α-蒎烯含量最高(8.90％),其次是β-蒎烯(7.16％)、(+)-柠檬烯(5.27％)、4-萜烯醇(4.09％)、D,L-异龙旁酯乙酸酯(3.53％)、4-异丙基甲苯(2.65％)、桉油烯醇(2.52％)、3-蒈烯(2.30％)、β-桉叶醇(2.01％)、γ-萜品烯(1.96％)、愈创木醇(1.71％)、(+)-△-杜松烯(1.53％)、辛酸(1.24％)、γ-桉叶醇(1.09％)和环氧化蛇麻烯Ⅱ(1.05％).结论 本次通过气相色谱-质谱联用分析中药羌活中主要挥发性成分,该方法稳定可靠,分析数据准确,可为后续羌活中挥发性成分的药效基础研究提供一定基础.     

不同方法提取川芎挥发油的GC-MS分析

目的:对川芎饮片不同提取方法所得挥发油的化学成分进行比较分析。方法:采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对提取物进行比较分析。结果:4种方法提取的挥发油有9个化合物相同。其中水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油样品中组分种类最多,主要是烯萜类成分。结论:4种提取方法均能提取出川芎挥发油中的主要成分,主要成分为内酯类,相对含量最高的为反式-藁本内酯。     

黔产五香血藤挥发油的研究

目的 研究五香血藤挥发油的化学成分.方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取五香血藤巾的挥发油成分,并用GC-Ms法分离鉴定,结合计算机检索,应用峰面积归一化法测定各成分的百分含量.结果 五香血藤中挥发油产率为1.0%,分离出82个峰,鉴定出58个化合物,占其总挥发油含量的84.96%.结论 五香血藤挥发油中的化学成分主要是萜烯类、萜醇类.     

贵州不同产地女贞属苦丁茶挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

目的:分析贵州不同产地女贞属苦丁茶的挥发油化学成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取苦丁茶挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对挥发油成分进行分离鉴定,并采用面积归一化法确定各成分的相对百分含量。结果:从4种苦丁茶样品的挥发油中共鉴定出162个化学成分,有13个共有成分。4种样品中含量最高的2个成分均为沉香萜醇和α-萜品醇。结论:不同产地女贞属苦丁茶挥发油的含量及化学成分组成具有较大差异。本试验可为进一步开发利用女贞属苦丁茶提供科学依据。     

香港商品中药饮片海底椰的化学成分分析

对海底椰进行组织化学及化学成分预试 ,初步确定其含有蛋白质、氨基酸、多糖、油脂、有机酸等化学成分 ,可能含有生物碱成分 ;并以氨基酸自动分析仪对其氨基酸组成进行分析。结果显示 :海底椰中氨基酸总量占 4 18% ,而且所含氨基酸成分丰富 ,达 18种之多 ,其中包括 7种人体必需氨基酸 (含量达 1 2 5% ,占氨基酸总量的 2 9 9% )。海底椰的氨基酸成分构成揭示 ,海底椰主要的药用价值在于其均衡的营养成分对机体的补益作用上     

A comparative study of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of tea tree oils s.l. with special reference to the activity of beta-triketones

The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of Australian tea tree oil, cajuput oil, niaouli oil, kanuka oil and manuka oil as well as of a beta-triketone complex isolated from manuka oil were investigated in a constituent-oriented study. The compositions of the oils were analysed by capillary GLC and GLC-MS. The MICs for sixteen different microorganisms were determined applying the broth dilution method. Australian tea tree oil showed the best overall antimicrobial effect. The best inhibitory effects on Gram-positive bacteria and dermatophytes were achieved with manuka oil due to its beta-triketone content.     

茶树油抗菌作用机理研究进展

体外抗菌实验和临床数据表明，茶树油具有广谱抗菌活性，可望开发成为一种新的抗菌剂。茶树油以一种膜破坏剂的形式发挥作用，通过破坏膜结构，使细胞内钾离子泄漏，抑制细胞呼吸，刺激细胞自溶，导致细胞内电子密度物质损失，改变细胞形态学等。研究茶树油抗菌作用机理，有助于了解抗菌谱、毒性以及微生物耐药性的发展过程。     

普洱茶挥发油中特征性成分分析及其含量测定

目的：分析普洱茶中挥发油的化学成分,为其质量评价提供科学依据.方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,通过GC-MS联用仪对普洱茶挥发油的化学成分进行分析,内标法测定其相对含量.结果：普洱生茶与熟茶在挥发油成分的有无上没有太大区别,但熟茶中甲氧基类化合物的含量普遍大于生茶.普洱茶与其他品种茶叶挥发油中的共有成分主要为烃类与酯类.结论：该方法简便、灵敏、可靠、准确、抗干扰性强,可为普洱茶的质量控制提供依据.     

薤白的化学成分和药理作用研究进展

薤白中含有甾体皂苷、含氮化合物、挥发油、酸性成分、多糖等多种化学成分,具有增强免疫力、对心肌损伤的保护作用、降脂、抗肿瘤、平喘、抗氧化、抗血小板相关炎症、扩张血管、抑制凝血和抗血栓、抗菌、肝药酶抑制等多种药理作用。通过查阅相关文献,本文对薤白的化学成分和药理作用进行了整理和归纳,为薤白的进一步研究提供新的思路。     

苍耳属植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

目的对菊科苍耳属(XanthiumL.)植物的化学成分及药理作用作一综述。方法按照化合物的结构类型对苍耳属植物的化学成分进行分类综述,并且对其主要的生物活性进行总结。结果苍耳属植物中含有的化学成分主要有倍半萜内酯类、水溶性苷类、挥发油等化合物,它们具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎镇痛等药理作用。结论为苍耳属植物的进一步研究提供了依据。     

In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of beta-triketones admixed to Melaleuca oils.

The in vitro antibacterial properties of mixtures of Australian tea tree oil and niaouli oil after adding the beta-triketone complex isolated from manuka oil were tested. MIC and MBC values for four different bacteria were determined applying the broth dilution method. Both Melaleuca oil mixtures showed good antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis, exceeding the effectiveness of myrtol, which is well established in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis and sinusitis. The death kinetics of S. aureus were determined to draw subtle comparisons between the mixtures. The kill rate data indicated that both Melaleuca oil mixtures achieved a complete kill within 240 min.     

Formulation and evaluation of an effective pH balanced topical antimicrobial product containing tea tree oil

The effect of pH on the antimicrobial activity of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil formulations was studied. Microemulsions, liposomal dispersions, multiple emulsions and a colloidal bed of sterile clay were formulated using 5% w/w of tea tree oil. A number of formulations were prepared at various pH values (5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0). Thermal stability studies showed that the formulations were stable for more than eight months. Agar dilution tests showed MICs of 1.0% v/v S. aureus and S. epidermidis. In the broth dilution test, MBC of the oil for P. acnes was 0.5% v/v. MIC and MBC values were comparable to those of non-formulated tea tree oil, indicating that tea tree oil retained its activity in the above-mentioned formulations. The microbiological evaluation showed that the formulations containing 5% w/w tea tree oil had a maximum effect at pH 5.5.     

Tea tree oil concentration in follicular casts after topical delivery: determination by high-performance thin layer chromatography using a perfused bovine udder model

Tea tree oil, a popular antimicrobial agent is recommended for the treatment of acne vulgaris, a disease of the pilosebaceous unit. Tea tree oil formulations (colloidal bed, microemulsion, multiple emulsion, and liposomal dispersion containing 5% w/w tea tree oil) were applied to bovine udder skin. The follicular uptake of tea tree oil upon application was determined by a cyanoacrylate method. Tea tree oil was determined by quantifying terpinen-4-ol content using high-performance thin layer chromatography. The accumulation of tea tree oil in the follicular casts was 0.43 +/- 0.01, 0.41 +/- 0.009, 0.21 +/- 0.006, and 0.16 +/- 0.005 percentage by weight (milligram oil/gram of sebum plug) for microemulsion, liposomal dispersion, multiple emulsion, and colloidal bed, respectively. This is the first study of its kind to quantify tea tree oil concentration in the follicles.     

薄荷属植物的化学成分及药理学研究进展

目的介绍薄荷属植物化学成分及其药理作用的研究概况。方法分析薄荷属植物近年来的研究资料。结果薄荷主要化学成分为挥发油、黄酮类、萜类、有机酸类等,具有保肝利胆、镇痛、抗菌、抗炎等药理作用。结论可进一步加强薄荷的研究、开发和利用。     

Effect of Australian tea tree oil on the viability of the wall-less bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae

In vitro assays using a variety of essential oils revealed a particularly high antibacterial effect of Australian tea tree oil (TTO) on a great number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria of unrelated phylogenetic origin. In the present study, the susceptibility of cell wall-less bacteria such as the human pathogenic bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae to Australian tea tree oil was examined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to be 0.006% (v/v) TTO for the wild type and to 0.003% (v/v) TTO for mutants of M. pneumoniae which lost the ability to adhere to host cells (cytadherence-negative). The MIC and the MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) for M. pneumoniae are 100 times lower than those for all other eubacteria tested. Electron microscopy with negatively stained cells as well as with ultrathin sections revealed a tendency to ovoid or round cells after oil treatment whereas the untreated cells of the wild type exhibit a flask-shaped morphology with a tip-like structure at one pole of the cell. The integrity of the mycoplasmal membrane seems not to be affected by TTO since no leakage of the Mycoplasma cell was observed after oil treatment. In the HET-CAM test TTO did not show any visible signs of irritation in concentrations less than 25%. Although the active component in TTO that has anti-mycoplasmal activity is not known, it seems very promising to use TTO tentatively for mouth washing and inhalation in case of Mycoplasma-pneumoniae-infection.