Etest法与标准琼脂稀释法测定黄杆菌药敏试验结果比较

黄杆菌属包括脑膜炎败血症黄杆菌、产吲哚黄杆菌和芳香黄杆菌,可引起多种人类侵入性感染,采用有效抗生素进行及时有效的抗菌治疗非常必要。2006年9月～2008年6月,我们对Etest法与标准琼脂稀释法测定黄杆菌药敏试验的结果进行了比较。现报告如下。     

呼吸机相关性肺炎病原学特点及耐药性分析

目的 分析我院呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的病原学特点及耐药情况.方法 对我院综合重症监护室和呼吸重症监护室2011年1月至2012年8月诊断为VAP的44例患者病原学资料进行回顾性分析.结果 44例患者支气管分泌物培养获得致病菌83株,其中革兰阴性杆菌63株,占75.9％;革兰阳性球菌14株,占16.9％;真菌6株,占7.2％.革兰阴性杆菌中占前6位的分别是鲍曼不动杆菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、产吲哚黄杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌;革兰阳性球菌主要是金黄色葡萄球菌.所分离菌株均不同程度表现多重耐药.结论 VAP的主要病原菌为革兰阴性杆菌,常为多重耐药的致病菌,临床医师应根据病原菌学及抗菌药物敏感性资料,及时选择合理的抗生素控制感染,延缓耐药菌株的产生.     

特殊菌所致脑膜炎4例报告

粪链球菌、产碱杆菌及枸橼酸杆菌均为人肠道中的正常寄生菌,当人体抵抗力明显降低,长期大剂量应用抗生素或全身菌群失调时,即可致病。本文整理了四例脑膜炎患者,多为上述细菌所致,特报告如下,以引起临床注意。     

粪产碱杆菌败血症14例综合报道

粪产碱杆菌败血症较为罕见。随着抗菌与化疗药物的发展及免疫制剂的广泛应用,由该菌致病的比例日趋增多。本文就3家医院14例加以综合分析报道如下。资料14例均由血液培养出粪产碱杆菌。其中男女各7例。年龄4个月至53岁。均有发热(37.8～40.1℃),热型除1例为稽留热外,其他为弛张热,热程3～33     

炭疽病的感染和免疫研究进展

<正> 炭疽病是人畜共患的急性传染病。病原体为炭疽杆菌,其芽胞具有顽强的生活力和较强的致病力。已知本菌含有3种毒力因子,即致死毒素(第Ⅲ因子,LF)、水肿因子(第Ⅰ因子,EF)和保护性抗原(第Ⅱ因子,PA)。有致病力的炭疽杆菌能形成芽胞和荚膜,芽胞不但能使本菌的抵抗力增强,也与产毒有关。荚膜是本菌的一种侵袭因子,在感染过程中可以抵抗白细胞的吞噬和杀灭。     

黄杆菌裂解产物对巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞形成的作用及机制研究

目的:探讨黄杆菌裂解产物对巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞形成的作用及可能的机制。方法:将黄杆菌裂解产物与THP-1细胞进行共培养,观察其对THP-1巨噬细胞及泡沫细胞形成的影响,并检测CD14、TLR4、LDLr三个受体mRNA的表达水平。结果:黄杆菌裂解产物促进THP-1单核细胞向巨噬细胞分化,并促进巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞的形成,上调CD14、TLR4、LDLr三个受体mRNA的表达水平。结论:黄杆菌裂解产物促进单核巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞的形成,这可能与其上调LDLr表达有关。     

2018-2019年石家庄市弓形杆菌致病基因的分布及其特征分析

目的 调查石家庄地区食品及环境中分离的布氏弓形杆菌和嗜低温弓形杆菌中9种毒力致病基因的分布特征,为进一步有效防控弓形杆菌感染提供依据。方法 选择从石家庄地区市售食品中采集并分离鉴定的5株嗜低温弓形杆菌和66株布氏弓形杆菌,运用常规PCR方-法扩增毒力基因。结果 在71株弓形杆菌中,9种致病基因阳性率分别为cadF 70.42%(50/71)、ciaB 90.14%(64/71)、irgA 2.82%(2/7)、hecA 4.23%(3/7)、hecB 8.45%(6/71)、mviN 85.92%(61/71)、cj1349 74.65%(53/71)、pldA 83.10%(59/71)、tlyA 87.32%(62/71)。结论 石家庄地区市售食品中分离的弓形杆菌大部分携带不同数量的致病基因,存在较大弓形杆菌引发食物中毒的风险,应加强对石家庄地区市售食品弓形杆菌监测。     

铜绿假单胞菌抗菌物质体外对鲍曼不动杆菌的抑制作用研究

目的观察铜绿假单胞菌抗菌物质对鲍曼不动杆菌的体外抑菌活性。方法用交叉条带试验方法测定铜绿假单胞菌对15株鲍曼不动杆菌的体外抑制活性。结果铜绿假单胞菌对鲍曼不动杆菌体外抑菌活性良好,15株产色素铜绿假单胞菌中,除4、8、14、15号菌株外,其余铜绿假单胞菌对鲍曼不动杆菌的抑制率均为100％。并发现铜绿假单胞菌产色素菌株的抗菌活性显著优于不产色素菌株。铜绿假单胞菌主要通过产生的绿脓素抑制鲍曼不动杆菌的生长。结论铜绿假单胞菌产生的抗菌物质对鲍曼不动杆菌具有较强的抗菌活性,具有广阔的开发前景。     

产杀白细胞素金黄色葡萄球菌感染的研究现状

国外多数回顾性研究发现产杀白细胞素(PVL)金黄色葡萄球菌感染有着特有的临床表现,特别是产PVL金黄色葡萄球菌相关性坏死性肺炎可能为一新现的临床疾病,由此PVL在金黄色葡萄球菌感染中的致病研究日益受到重视.本文就目前对产PVL金黄色葡萄球菌感染的致病机制、流行病学、检测和防治等问题研究作一综述.     

伪结核棒状杆菌毒力因子的研究进展

人兽共患病原伪结核棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)引起的慢性传染病干酪样淋巴结炎杆菌(Caseous lymphadenitis,CLA)呈全世界流行,极难防制。该病原感染致病的机理与其毒力因子密切相关,本文就伪结核棒状毒力因子研究情况进行综述,提出进一步鉴定和解析不同毒力因子在该病原感染致病中的作用及相互关系,对深入了解该病原的致病机制和候选疫苗研究具有重要的指导意义。     

Chryseobacterium indologenes bacteremia in a bone marrow transplant recipient with chronic graft-versus-host disease

We describe a case of Chryseobacterium indologenes bacteremia in a leukemia patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) 6 months after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood cultures from a vein and via Hickman catheter grew C. indologenes. The patient was successfully treated with piperacillin/tazobactam and the infection did not recur. Our case indicates that C. indologenes infection can occur in patients with GVHD after allogeneic BMT and might be treated with a single agent, piperacillin/tazobactam without the removal of intravascular catheter.     

Clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and outcomes of patients with Chryseobacterium indologenes bacteremia in an intensive care unit

Ten patients with intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired Chryseobacterium indologenes bacteremia between January 2004 and December 2008 were studied. The primary site of infection was unknown for 80% of the cases. The known primary sites of infection were empyema (10%) and catheter-related bacteremia (10%). Eight patients (80%) had polymicrobial bacteremia, spent more than 21 days in the ICU, and received more than 14 days of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy prior to the onset of C. indologenes bacteremia. All isolates were 100% susceptible to minocycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Vancomycin, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin exhibited 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 30%, respectively, susceptibility against this pathogen. All isolates were 100% resistant to ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin, and amikacin. The 14-day mortality rate was 40%. Our findings suggest that this pathogen should be included among the causes of ICU-acquired bacteremia, especially in patients with a prolonged stay in an ICU or who had received long-term broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Extended-spectrum penicillins, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, and quinolones had very little or no effect against this pathogen. Therefore, choosing an appropriate antibiotic therapy for this pathogen is very difficult.     

Endocarditis caused by Kingella indologenes

The first known case of endocarditis caused by Kingella indologenes is reported. A review of the literature reveals only seven cases of endocarditis caused by the other two species of the genus Kingella (Kingella kingae, six cases; Kingella denitrificens, one case). Kingella organisms appear to be sensitive to a wide variety of antimicrobial agents. The available data suggest that endocarditis caused by Kingella species occurs rarely and is associated with a benign clinical course.     

Synergistic effects of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone and estradiol-17beta on gonadotropin subunit gene expression and release in masu salmon pituitary cells in vitro

Effects of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sGnRH) and estradiol-17beta (E2) on gene expression and release of gonadotropins (GTHs) were examined in masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) using primary pituitary cell cultures at three reproductive stages, initiation of sexual maturation in May, pre-spawning in July, and spawning in September. Amounts of GTH subunit mRNAs were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and levels of GTH released in the medium were determined by RIA. In control cells, the amounts of three GTH subunit mRNAs (alpha2, FSHbeta, and LHbeta) peaked in July prior to spawning. FSH release spontaneously increased with gonadal maturation and peaked in September, whereas LH release remained low until July and extensively increased in September. Addition of E2 to the culture extensively increased the amounts of LHbeta mRNA in May and July in both sexes. It also increased the alpha2 mRNA in July in the females. In contrast, sGnRH alone did not have any significant effects on the amounts of three GTH subunit mRNAs at all stages, except for the elevation of alpha2 and FSHbeta mRNAs in July in the females. Nevertheless, synergistic effects by sGnRH and E2 were evident for all three GTH subunit mRNAs. In May, sGnRH in combination with E2 synergistically increased the amounts of LHbeta mRNA in the males and alpha2 mRNA in the females. However, in July the combination suppressed the amounts of alpha2 and FSHbeta mRNAs in the females. sGnRH alone stimulated LH release at all stages in both sexes, and the release was synergistically enhanced by E2. Synergistic stimulation of FSH release was also observed in May and July in both sexes. These results indicate that a functional interaction of sGnRH with E2 is differently involved in synthesis and release of GTH. The synergistic interaction modulates GTH synthesis differentially, depending on subunit, stage, and gender, whereas it potentiates the activity of GnRH to release GTH in any situation.     

螺旋CT检查急性缺血性肠病所致门静脉和肠壁积气的表现特点及其临床诊断价值研究*

目的 探讨急性缺血性肠病所致门静脉和肠壁积气CT表现特点,总结CT诊断的价值。方法 回顾性分析2014年6月~2017年6月我院收治的20例缺血性肠病所致门静脉和肠壁积气患者CT检查资料,使用德国西门子 Emotion 64层螺旋CT进行扫描。行纤维结肠镜检查,并取组织行病理学检查。结果 在20例患者中,缺血性肠病的病变部位在小肠者9例（空肠5例、回肠4例）,回盲部3例（累及回肠末端和升结肠）,结肠8例（横结肠3例、结肠肝曲2例、结肠脾曲1例、降结肠1例、乙状结肠1例）;所有患者均显示有门静脉积气,其中13例门静脉和肝静脉呈现广泛的积气,表现为树枝状气体影,另7例CT显示肝缘下肝静脉远端有气体影;所有患者CT均显示肠壁有积气,病变部位可见气泡状低密度影,10例为单气泡影、7例为多气泡影、3例为带状泡影;14例CT显示肠壁增厚和水肿,6例肠管扩张、肠壁变薄,4例腹腔积液;行增强CT检查10例,显示病变肠段的肠壁和肠系膜强化程度减弱,分层强化后显示为环形靶征和晕征;所有患者入院治疗后1~2 d进行CT复查,显示门静脉和肠壁积气有不同程度的吸收,其中门静脉积气完全吸收4例、明显吸收9例、少量吸收4例、无显著变化3例。肠壁积气完全吸收5例、明显吸收7例、少量吸收6例、无显著变化2例。结论 门静脉和肠壁积气的CT表现有特征性,使用 CT检查对急性缺血性肠病患者的诊断有较好的临床应用价值。     

Prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in placenta and in maternal lung, kidney, and gastric mucosa during rat pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) activity in various organs of the rat during pregnancy. PGDH activity was evaluated in lung, kidney, and gastric mucosa of male and nonpregnant female rats, and in these tissues as well as in placenta of pregnant rats at various stages of gestation. The specific activity of PGDH in placenta decreased until day 15 of pregnancy; thereafter, the specific activity of PGDH increased, reaching maximal levels at term. The specific activity of PGDH in lung and kidney tissue of pregnant rats was greater than that in the same tissues of nonpregnant rats; in these tissues the specific activity increased from early pregnancy through day 21 of pregnancy but was decreased significantly on day 22. The specific activity of PGDH in kidney of male rats was significantly greater (10 times) than that in kidney of female rats. This sex-related difference in renal PGDH activity was not found in lung and gastric mucosa. In gastric mucosa, the specific activity of PGDH on day 10 of pregnancy was significantly lower than that in gastric mucosa of nonpregnant rats. A rapid decrease in the specific activity at term was a phenomenon common to lung, kidney, and gastric mucosa, and was distinctly different from the marked increase in the activity in placenta at term. Thus, in this study, we present evidence that the activity of PGDH is modulated in a tissue-specific manner during pregnancy. We speculate that PGDH in maternal, fetal, and placental tissues serves a role in the maintenance of pregnancy and in growth and development of the fetus by regulating the tissue levels of bioactive prostaglandins.     

Tissue distribution and excretion of 125I-lidamycin in mice and rats

AIM: To investigate the tissue distribution, urinary and fecal excretions of 125I-lidamycin (125I-C-1027) in mice and its biliary excretion in rats. METHODS:The total radioactivity assay (RA method) and the radioactivity assay after precipitation with 200 mL/L trichloroacetic add (TCA-RA method) were used to dete-rmine the tissue distribution,and the urinary and fecal excretions of 125I-C-1027 in mice and its biliary excretion in rats. RESULTS:Tissue concentrations reached the peak at the fifth minute after administration of 125I-C-1027 to mice. The highest concentration was in kidney, and the lowest in brain at all test-time points. The organs of the concentrations of 125I-C-1027 from high to low were kidney, lung, liver, stomach, spleen, uterus, ovary, intestine, muscle, heart, testis, fat, and brain in mice. The accumulative excretion amounts of 0-24 h, and 0-96 h after administration of 125I-C-1027 were 68.36 and 71.64% in urine, and 2.60 and 3.21% in feces of mice, respectively, and the accumulative excretion amount of 0-24 h was 3.57% in bile in rats. CONCLUSION: Our results reflect the characteristics of the tissue distribution, urinary and fecal excretions of 125I-C-1027 in mice and the biliary excretion of 125I-C-1027 and its metabolites in rats, and indicate that 125I-C-1027 and its metabolites are mainly distributed in kidney, and excreted in urine.     

Decrease in the Prevalence of Adolescent Alcohol Use and its Possible Causes in Japan: Periodical Nationwide Cross-Sectional Surveys

Background:  Trends in alcohol drinking prevalence were assessed among Japanese adolescents, and possible reasons for a decrease in drinking prevalence observed in 2004.
Methods:  Cross-sectional nationwide surveys were conducted periodically. High schools were randomly sampled from throughout Japan in 1996, 2000, and 2004. All enrolled students in sampled schools were subjects of the surveys. Self-reporting anonymous questionnaires were collected from 115,814 students in 1996, 106,297 in 2000, and 102,451 in 2004. Questions about drinking prevalence of students and family members, proportion of students who have no friends, and sources of alcohol were included. Students who drunk at least one day of the 30 days preceding the survey were defined as the current drinkers.
Results:  The drinking prevalence in 2004 was decreased in comparison to that in 1996 and 2000 in both sexes and in all school grades. The current drinking rate (monthly drinker) among junior high school boys was 29.4% in 1996, 29.0% in 2000, and 20.5% in 2004, while that among senior high school boys was 49.7%, 48.7%, and 36.2%, respectively. The respective prevalence among junior and senior girls was 24.0%, 25.5%, and 20.0% and 40.8%, 42.1%, and 34.1%. The prevalent sources of alcohol beverages were searching in home, stores (convenience store, supermarket, or gas-stand), liquor shops, and bars. An analysis of the reasons for this decrease identified a decrease in drinking prevalence in students' families, especially by fathers and older brothers, and an increase in the proportion of students who had no friends.
Conclusions:  A decrease in drinking prevalence of male family members and a limitation of sources of alcoholic beverages may contribute to the decrease in adolescent drinking prevalence.     

Serum ferritin in hematologic malignancies

Serum ferritin was measured in a variety of hematologic malignancies at presentation, in remission following therapy, and in relapse. Ferritin was strikingly increased in all acute leukemias at presentation and in relapse, in the blastic crisis of CML, and in smouldering leukemia. Remission in both ALL and ANLL was associated with a reduction of serum ferritin, and this normalization was a function of remission duration. In the malignant lymphomas serum ferritin was related to tumor histology. Highest levels were found in Hodgkin disease and histiocytic lymphoma, normal levels in lymphocytic lymphoma, and intermediate levels in mixed histiocytic-lymphocytic lymphoma. In all cases, remission was associated with normalization of serum ferritin. These correlations suggest that serum ferritin measurements may be of clinical usefulness in the initial evaluation and in the assessment of response to therapy in patients with acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma.     

狗和家猫感染多房棘球蚴后的成虫发育比较和成虫及原头节的糖原分布

用小白鼠传代取得的多房棘球蚴,人工感染家狗和家猫后,在其体内均可得到成熟的成虫。两者成虫的虫卵和孕节用以再感染小白鼠,同样都可发育为正常的多房棘球蚴。狗的粪检最早发现虫卵是在感染后的第39天,从60天后持续至90天为排卵的高峰期。感染39天的狗的剖检证明成虫主要寄生的部位是在小肠,其中回肠成虫数量最多,计1257条,其次为空肠计975条,十二指肠虫数最少,为895条。感染15天猫的剖检所见成虫寄生部位和狗基本相似,回肠虫数最高,计717条,空肠次之为611条,十二指肠计有503条。比较狗、猫所得的成虫数、孕节的含卵数、排卵的持续天数、成虫的发育状况以及成虫存活天数等分析,明显看出家狗比家猫为本虫更适宜的终宿主。 组织化学观察证明成虫和多房棘球蚴的原头节的髓质区是糖原主要的贮存所。顶突、吸盘、睾丸、卵黄腺、子宫壁、虫卵的胚胎以及育囊和不育囊的角质层、生发层等均有糖原分布,但卵巢、顶突钩和卵壳等则不含糖原。此外,顶突、吸盘、肌肉、排泄管、石灰质颗粒以及卵的胚胎等含有丰富的粘多糖和粘蛋白,PAS均呈强阳性反应,但睾丸内含量较少,卵壳呈阴性反应。