ABO血型不合的异基因外周血干细胞移植的护理

异基因外周血干细胞移植 ( allo- PBSCT)是目前治疗恶性血液病的最有效方法之一。在 HLA相合的异基因干细胞移植中 ,供者与受者 ABO血型不合的发生率为 1 0 %～ 1 5 % ( 1) 。我院于 2 0 0 2年 3月至 2 0 0 2年 5月进行 2例 ABO血型不合的 allo-PBSCT,现将护理总结如下1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料 :2例 ABO血型不合者均为男性。例1为慢性粒细胞性白血病慢性期 ,2 6岁 ;例 2为急性髓细胞白血病 ,45岁。例 1为主要血型不合 ,供受者血型分别为 B型、O型 ;例 2为次要血型不合 ,供受者血型分别为 O型、 A型。预处理方案 :BU-CY (马利…     

异基因造血干细胞移植联合间质干细胞输注治疗骨髓纤维化转化的急性髓系白血病一例并文献复习

目的 探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)联合间质干细胞(MSC) 输注治疗骨髓纤维化转化的急性髓系白血病的临床效果.方法 1例骨髓纤维化转急性髓系白血病患者接受了HLA全合Allo-HSCT,同时联合输注供者来源体外扩增的MSC.预处理方案为氟达拉滨+马利兰+环磷酰胺.移植物抗宿主病(GVHD) 预防采用环孢菌素A(CSA)+短程甲氨蝶呤(MTX)+抗人T细胞免疫球蛋白(ATG).结果 输注供者外周血造血干细胞数为11.92×108/kg、CD+34细胞为3.73×106/kg、MSC剂量为1.1×106/kg(受者体质量).移植后中性粒细胞＞0.5×109/L和血小板＞20×109/L的时间分别为 14 d和16 d.+30 d时骨髓染色体为100%供者源,+40 d时出现皮肤I度GVHD.结论 异基因造血干细胞与骨髓MSC共移植治疗骨髓纤维化转化的急性髓系白血病安全性好,造血功能恢复快.     

同胞异基因外周血干细胞移植后纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血的治疗(附3例报告)

目的:探讨ABO血型不合异基因外周血干细胞移植后纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血(PRCA)的治疗.方法:3例HLA配型完全相合、ABO血型主要不合的患者进行同胞异基因外周血干细胞移植获得成功,但移植后均出现PRCA.1例经大剂量激素联合大剂量丙种球蛋白治疗,2例经大剂量激素联合血浆置换治疗.结果:3例血型均转为供者血型.血色素逐渐恢复正常,红系造血恢复.结论:大剂量激素联合血浆置换或大剂量丙种球蛋白是治疗ABO血型不合的异基因外周血干细胞移植后PRCA的有效方法.     

异基因造血干细胞移植55例GVHD的临床观察

目的 探索异基因造血干细胞GVHD的有效防治方法.方法 异基因移植患者55例,慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)30例,急性髓系白血病(ALM)12例,急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)11例,急性混合细胞白血病(MAL)2例.同胞间人类白细胞抗原(HLA)全相合移植45例,非血缘异基因移植7例,HLA半相合移植3例.43例患者采用MMF、CsA联合短程MTX方案.12例患者采用MMF、CsA、短程MTX联合ATG方案.结果 所有患者造血均顺利重建,12例(21.1%)发生Ⅰ～Ⅱ度aGVHD;11例(20%)发生cGVHD,局限型8例,广泛型3例.aGVHD和广泛型cGVHD经甲强龙冲击治疗后均得到控制.结论 MMF、CsA、MTX、ATG三联方案能有效控制同胞间HLA全相合移植的aGVHD,加用ATG能理想的预防同胞间HLA半相合移植和非血缘异基因移植aGVHD的发生.     

ABO血型主次不合非血缘异基因外周血干细胞移植的临床研究

目的 确保重庆市首例ABO血型主次不和非血缘异基因外周血干细胞移植(URD-PBSCT)治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病成功.方法 对接受ABO血型主次不和非血缘异基因外周血干细胞移植患者的植入效果、血型转换,以及移植近远期并发症进行观察和综合分析.结果 患者造血迅速重建,中性粒细胞＞ 0.5×109/L、血小板＞ 20×109/L的时间分别为 11d、 16d;移植 20d血型鉴定可检出供者血型(B型红细胞),之后B型红细胞比例逐渐增高,至移植 73d全部转换为B型红细胞;血清抗A凝集素逐渐升高,抗B凝集素逐渐下降直至完全消失.经STR复检证实患者造血为供者型.移植过程中未见移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)、肝静脉闭塞病(VOD)等严重并发症;移植后复查骨髓提示持续完全缓解.结论 ABO血型主次不合非血缘异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗血液病疗效肯定.     

异体造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的长期疗效和预后分析

目的 分析异体造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)治疗白血病的长期疗效和相关预后因素.方法 1999年4月～2007年12月,应用Allo-HSCT治疗各类白血病患者37例,其中第1次完全缓解期急性髓细胞白血病(AML)和急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)各11例,慢性期的慢性粒细胞性白血病(CML)15例.在37例中,HLA全相合同胞供体外周血造血干细胞移植20例,HLA相合非血缘供体造血干细胞移植17例(骨髓14例,外周血3例);移植预处理包括环磷酰胺(Cy)+全身照射(TBI)±依托泊苷(VP16)方案21例、白消安(Bu)+Cy方案11例和氟达拉宾(Flud)+阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)+Bu方案5例;异基因移植患者预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)方案为氨甲碟啶(MTX)+环孢素(CSP)±吗替麦考酚酯(MMF).对37例患者的总体生存率、移植相关死亡率(TRM)、复发率进行统计,并分析相关预后因素.结果 移植后预期6年总体生存率为(67.6±10.1)%;移植后第100天TRM为(2.7±2.7)%,预期6年总体TRM为(28.6 4±9.9)%;预期6年复发率为(5.34±5.5)%.单因素和多因素分析提示,发生重度GVHD(Ⅱ～Ⅳ度急性GVHD或广泛性慢性GVHD)是影响生存的最重要因素.结论 Allo-HSCT治疗白血病具有良好的长期疗效.预防和治疗GVHD对进一步提高Allo-HSCT的长期疗效和生存率具有重要意义.     

异体造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的长期疗效和预后分析

目的 分析异体造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)治疗白血病的长期疗效和相关预后因素.方法 1999年4月～2007年12月,应用Allo-HSCT治疗各类白血病患者37例,其中第1次完全缓解期急性髓细胞白血病(AML)和急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)各11例,慢性期的慢性粒细胞性白血病(CML)15例.在37例中,HLA全相合同胞供体外周血造血干细胞移植20例,HLA相合非血缘供体造血干细胞移植17例(骨髓14例,外周血3例);移植预处理包括环磷酰胺(Cy) 全身照射(TBI)±依托泊苷(VP16)方案21例、白消安(Bu) Cy方案11例和氟达拉宾(Flud) 阿糖胞苷(Ara-C) Bu方案5例;异基因移植患者预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)方案为氨甲碟啶(MTX) 环孢素(CSP)±吗替麦考酚酯(MMF).对37例患者的总体生存率、移植相关死亡率(TRM)、复发率进行统计,并分析相关预后因素.结果 移植后预期6年总体生存率为(67.6±10.1)%;移植后第100天TRM为(2.7±2.7)%,预期6年总体TRM为(28.6 4±9.9)%;预期6年复发率为(5.34±5.5)%.单因素和多因素分析提示,发生重度GVHD(Ⅱ～Ⅳ度急性GVHD或广泛性慢性GVHD)是影响生存的最重要因素.结论 Allo-HSCT治疗白血病具有良好的长期疗效.预防和治疗GVHD对进一步提高Allo-HSCT的长期疗效和生存率具有重要意义.     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的效果

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)治疗恶性血液病的效果。方法10例恶性血液病病人进行Allo-HSCT治疗,供者中9例为HLA完全相合的同胞,1例为HLA半相合的同胞。预处理方案包括:马利兰-环磷酰胺、马法兰-足叶乙甙-阿糖胞苷-环磷酰胺、氟达拉滨-阿糖胞苷-马法兰-环磷酰胺、卡莫司汀-足叶乙甙-阿糖胞苷-环磷酰胺。结果全部病人均获得造血重建,中性粒细胞≥0.5×109/L、血小板>20×109/L的中位时间分别是14.51、8.3 d;5例发生急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),6例发生慢性GVHD,4例血型不合者均于移植后3个月内血型转为供者型。10例病人28 d时DNA图谱均转为供者型。随访4~23个月尚无复发及死亡病例。结论Allo-HSCT虽然会发生GVHD等严重并发症,但仍然是治疗恶性血液病的最有效的方法。HLA半相合同胞Allo-HSCT的开展解决了供者来源少的难题。     

HLA不全相合外周血造血干细胞移植治疗急性白血病的临床观察

目的 探讨人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)不全相合外周血造血干细胞移植(peripheral blood stem cell transplantation,PBSCT)治疗急性白血病的疗效及安全性.方法 3例急性白血病患者行HLA不全相合PBSCT,其中急性淋巴细胞白血病-L2 2例,急性非淋巴细胞白血病-M1EO 1例,移植时均处于完全缓解状态.HLA配型1、2、3个位点不合各1例.预处理方案由全身照射或白舒菲、阿糖胞苷、环磷酰胺、司莫司汀组成.移植物抗宿主病(graft versus host disease,GVHD)的预防采用环孢素A、甲氨蝶吟、霉酚酸酯、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白四联方案.结果 3例患者均获得造血功能重建并达完全供者植入.出现Ⅰ度急性GVHD 2例,出现Ⅱ度急性GVHD 1例,并发巨细胞病毒间质性肺炎1例,并发真菌性肺炎2例.至今2例患者分别无病存活27个月和12个月,1例死亡.结论 HLA不全相合PBSCT疗效较好、安全可行,为无HLA完全相合供者的白血病患者提供了新的治疗手段.但要特别注意移植后病毒和真菌感染的防治.     

HLA配型不合情况下造血干细胞移植的新方法

目的:采用新方法进行非体外去除T细胞的人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen, HLA)配型不合造血干细胞移植.方法:58例血液恶性肿瘤患者,33例为高危或难治复发白血病,接受了至少一个HLA位点不合的家庭供者造血干细胞移植.移植物为经粒细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte clony-stimulating factor, G-CSF)动员的骨髓以及外周血造血干细胞,而无需体外去除T细胞.移植物抗宿主病(graft-versus-host-disease, GVHD)预防采用环孢菌素A 霉酚酸酯 短程甲氨喋呤方案.结果:所有患者均获得持久、完全供者植入.58例患者中发生Ⅱ度及以上急性GVHD 22例(37.9%),其中Ⅲ度和Ⅳ度急性GVHD分别为2例和1例,其严重程度与HLA不合程度无相关;42例可评估患者中,慢性GVHD为26例(61.9%),广泛型和局限型分别为11例和15例.复发9例,除1例外均为复发、难治白血病患者.死亡14例,其中7例死于疾病复发,另7例死于移植相关合并症,其中严重感染和间质性肺炎各2例,巨细胞病毒性脑炎、病毒型肝炎和急性GVHD死亡各1例.中位随访10月(2～37.5月),58例患者中42例无病存活(disease-free survival, DFS),高危患者2年DFS明显低于标危患者,分别为63.2%和77.6%(P= 0.04).DFS与供受者间HLA配型不合程度、急性GVHD严重程度及回输干细胞数量无关.结论:(1)无需体外去除T细胞的新方法可克服HLA屏障、安全有效地用于HLA不合的移植;(2)G-CSF动员的外周血干细胞可安全用于HLA不合的造血干细胞移植.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.