乳铁蛋白抗菌肽抑制胃癌细胞增殖诱导其凋亡的体外研究

目的 探讨乳铁蛋白抗菌肽(LfcinB)对人胃癌细胞株MGC803细胞增殖和细胞凋亡的影响.方法 用CCK-8法测定不同浓度LfcinB对胃癌细胞株MGC803 24、48和72 h细胞增殖影响.用流式细胞术检测胃癌MGC803细胞凋亡的变化.用RT-PCR检测凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bax和caspase-3 mRNA的变化情况.用Western blot检测MGC803细胞中的Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3蛋白表达.结果 LfcinB对胃癌细胞株MGC803的增殖具有抑制作用,促进胃癌细胞株MGC803细胞凋亡,并且具有时间和剂量依赖性(P<0.05,P<0.01);LfcinB能显著抑制胃癌细胞株MGC803 bcl-2 mRNA表达,同时促进bax和caspase-3 mRNA表达,并且随着LfcinB浓度的增高相关基因下降或上升越明显(P<0.05,P<0.01);Western blot结果也显示,LfcinB能抑制Bcl-2蛋白表达,促进Caspase-3和Bax蛋白表达,其变化规律与mRNA相同(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 LfcinB通过调控相关基因,抑制胃癌细胞MGC803增殖,并诱导其细胞凋亡.     

木犀草素通过CTGF/EGFR通路对人结肠癌细胞LoVo增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探讨木犀草素通过结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)/表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)通路对人结肠癌细胞LoVo增殖和凋亡的影响。方法MTT法确定木犀草素半数抑制质量浓度、作用时间。将细胞实验分为阴性对照组、阳性对照组、木犀草素低、中、高剂量组。阴性对照组细胞不进行处理,阳性对照组用40 μg/L西妥昔单抗干预,木犀草素低、中、高剂量组分别用20、40、80 μg/L木犀草素干预。采用流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡率,蛋白印迹法检测细胞CTGF、EGFR、蛋白质丝氨酸苏氨酸激酶(Akt)、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸酶3(Caspase-3)蛋白水平。结果MTT法确定木犀草素半数抑制质量浓度40 μg/L,半数抑制时间24 h。随着木犀草素质量浓度增加,LoVo细胞增殖率降低(P＜0.05)。与阴性对照组比较,其余各组细胞凋亡率、Bax和Caspase-3蛋白均增加,细胞CTGF、p-EGFR/EGFR、Akt和Bcl-2蛋白均降低(P＜0.05)。与阳性对照组比较,木犀草素各剂量组细胞凋亡率、Bax和Caspase-3蛋白均降低,细胞CTGF、p-EGFR/EGFR、Akt和Bcl-2蛋白均增加,且随木犀草素剂量增加呈剂量效应关系(P＜0.05)。结论木犀草素抑制LoVo细胞增殖,诱导LoVo细胞凋亡,其机制可能与抑制CTGF/EGFR通路的激活有关。     

熊果酸诱导人急性白血病细胞凋亡及其作用机制

目的 探讨熊果酸诱导人急性白血病细胞凋亡的作用机制.方法 将0、5、10、15、20 μmol/L的熊果酸作用于U937细胞6、12 h,观察昔效关系.用20 μmol/L熊果酸作用U937细胞1、3、6、9、12、24 h,观察时效关系.采用AnnexinV/PI染色和流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡.用Western blot法检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白PARP、Caspase-3、Caspase-9及Bcl-2家族基因Mcl-1、Bcl-2、Bcl-xL、Bax、Bad的表达,用β-actin做内参照.20 μmol/L熊果酸作用于不同类型的急性自血病细胞(U937、Jurkat、HE60)12 h,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,并用Western blot方法 检测Caspase-3、Caspase-9、PARP的表达.结果 熊果酸作用于U937细胞引起细胞发生凋亡,并呈明显的量效和时效关系.Western blot结果表明,熊果酸引起凋亡蛋白酶Caspase-3、Caspase-9的降解/活化增加,促进凋亡作用底物PARP的降解增加.熊果酸还可引起抗凋亡蛋白Mcl-1的表达降低,但对Bcl-2、Bcl-xL、Bax、Bad的表达均无明显影响.结论 熊果酸可诱导多种急性白血病U937、Jurkat、HL60细胞发生凋亡.Mcl-1的下调可能在熊果酸诱导急性白血病细胞凋亡中起着重要的作用,其作用机制可能为熊果酸引起Mcl-1的下调,随后引起凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-3、Caspase-9的降解/活化及PARP的降解,最终促进细胞凋亡发生.     

木犀草素对人舌鳞状细胞癌Tca8113 细胞凋亡 及自噬的影响

目的 探究木犀草素对人舌鳞状细胞癌Tca8113 细胞体外凋亡和自噬作用的影响。方法 采 用MTT 法观察12.5、25.0、50.0 及100.0μmol/L 的木犀草素作用24 h 对细胞体外活性的影响;运用 Hoechst33342 染色法和流式细胞术观察体外细胞凋亡情况;Western blotting 检测Cleaved Caspase-3 蛋白、 B 细胞淋巴瘤-2（Bcl-2）、B 细胞淋巴瘤-2 相关X 蛋白（Bax）和Beclin1 蛋白、P62 蛋白及LC3B 蛋白。 结果 MTT 法实验结果显示,木犀草素抑制Tca8113 细胞增殖,IC50 为47μmol/L。Hoechst33342 染色结果 显示,木犀草素使Tca8113 细胞形态发生改变,与时间呈正相关（P <0.05）。流式细胞术结果表明,47μmol/L 的木犀草素作用Tca8113 细胞12、24 h 后,凋亡率高于空白对照组（P <0.05）。Western bloting 检测结果表明, 木犀草素抑制Bcl-2 以及增加Bax 表达,导致Cleaved Caspase-3 表达增加,促进Tca8113 细胞凋亡（P <0.05）; 同时还升高Beclin1、LC3B、P62 蛋白水平（P <0.05）。结论 木犀草素影响人舌鳞状细胞癌Tca8113 细胞凋 亡和自噬的发生。     

姜黄素纳米微粒对体外胃癌MGC803细胞凋亡机制的影响

目的观察姜黄素纳米微粒对人胃癌MGC803细胞凋亡机制的影响。方法 MTT法建立细胞剂量效应曲线,光镜和电镜下观察细胞形态变化,流式细胞仪分析MGC803细胞周期改变,免疫组化法检测凋亡相关Bcl-2蛋白表达。结果 MTT法显示,姜黄素纳米微粒抑制胃癌MGC803细胞增殖,呈现剂量-时间依赖性;光镜观察姜黄素纳米微粒组细胞损伤较轻,电镜下核周隙清晰,突触小泡较多;流式细胞仪法显示,姜黄素纳米微粒使胃癌MGC803细胞阻滞于G2/M期;免疫组织化学法显示,姜黄素纳米微粒使凋亡相关Bcl-2蛋白表达下调。结论姜黄素纳米微粒诱导人胃癌细胞MGC803凋亡并且延长药物对胃癌MGC803细胞作用时间。     

Norrin对胃癌细胞凋亡的抑制作用

目的 研究Norrin蛋白对胃癌细胞凋亡的抑制作用.方法 采用免疫组化检测Norrin在151例不同病理分级的胃癌组织中的表达,并进行临床病理分析;Western blot检测不同胃癌细胞株中Norrin的表达情况;随后通过慢病毒转染技术构建Norrin低表达的胃癌细胞株BGC823,并以Western blot检测干扰效果;再以流式细胞术检测Norrin正常表达(Lv-sh-ctrl组)与低表达(Lv-sh-Norrin组)BGC823细胞凋亡的变化,最后使用Western blot检测Mcl-1、Bcl-2、Bax、Cleaved Caspase-3等凋亡相关蛋白的表达.结果 Norrin在胃癌组织中的表达高于癌旁组织,且Norrin的表达高低与胃癌的Lauren分型、分化程度、TNM分期、术后生存率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而与性别、年龄、部位、直径、组织学类型差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在胃癌细胞株中,Norrin在高中分化的SGC7901、AGS细胞中低表达,而在低分化的BGC823细胞中高表达;干扰Norrin基因表达可明显增加胃癌细胞的凋亡,Lv-sh-Norrin组细胞凋亡率(12.26 ±0.70)％相比于Lv-sh-ctrl组(7.58±0.68)％明显增加,P＜0.05);同时Western blot结果显示,相比于Lv-sh-etrl组,Lv-sh-Norrin组中抗凋亡蛋白Mcl-1、Bcl-2蛋白表达减少;促凋亡分子Bax、Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达增加.结论 Norrin通过抑制Bax、Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达,促进Mcl-1、Bel-2蛋白表达,抑制胃癌细胞的凋亡.     

SP-141抑制胃癌细胞增殖、迁移并促进凋亡

目的：探讨MDM2的新型小分子抑制剂SP-141对胃癌细胞株MGC803和BGC823增殖、凋亡以及迁移的影响。方法：胃癌细胞经SP-141处理后,采用CCK-8法、克隆形成实验、流式细胞术、Hoechst染色法和划痕实验分别检测细胞存活率、细胞增殖、周期分布、凋亡以及迁移能力改变。Western blot检测相关分子蛋白质表达水平。结果：TCGA数据库中32对胃癌组织中的MDM2 mRNA表达水平高于癌旁组织（P<0.01）;5种胃癌细胞株均检出MDM2,表达水平差异不大;SP-141抑制MGC803和BGC823的细胞存活率以及克隆形成,诱导其细胞周期阻滞在G2/M期;SP-141增加细胞凋亡发生率,并下调Bcl-2同时上调Bax、Caspase-3剪切体、PARP剪切体的蛋白表达;SP-141抑制细胞迁移并伴有FAK蛋白表达量的下降。结论：MDM2的新型小分子抑制剂SP-141可有效抑制胃癌细胞增殖、迁移并促进细胞凋亡。     

木犀草素促进鼻咽癌细胞凋亡和自噬的机制

目的：探讨木犀草素对鼻咽癌细胞增殖、凋亡和自噬的影响及可能的分子机制。方法：四氮唑蓝盐化合物(MTS法)检测木犀草素对人鼻咽癌细胞CNE-1增殖的作用。流式细胞法检测细胞凋亡,透射电镜观察细胞自噬小体,Western印迹检测木犀草素对CNE-1细胞凋亡抑制蛋白(Bcl-2)和自噬相关蛋白[自噬效应蛋白(Beclin-1)、微管相关蛋白轻链3蛋白(LC3B)、泛素结合蛋白(p62)]表达的变化并检测磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(Akt)、雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)蛋白磷酸化水平,检测PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路相关蛋白。结果：木犀草素可抑制CNE-1细胞活力,呈浓度和时间依赖性(P<0.05),同时木犀草素与对照组相比凋亡率增加(P<0.05)。透射电镜结果显示,木犀草素干预CNE-1细胞后,随着药物浓度的增加,细胞内自噬体出现不同程度的增加。Western印迹法结果显示,与对照组比较,木犀草素处理组细胞Beclin-1和LC3-Ⅱ蛋白表达上调(P<0.05),Bcl-2、p62、磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇(p-PI3K)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)和磷酸化...     

雪灵芝水提取物对人胃腺癌MGC-803细胞Bcl-2，Bax基因表达的影响

目的研究雪灵芝水提取物对人胃腺癌MGC-803细胞Bcl-2和Bax基因表达的影响。方法不同浓度的雪灵芝水提取物处理体外培养的MGC-803细胞,采用四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝（MYr）法检测细胞存活水平;应用流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡水平;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）和蛋白印迹法（Western Blot）测定人胃腺癌MGC-803细胞的Bcl-2和Bax基因表达情况。结果雪灵芝水提取物作用于人胃腺癌MGC～803细胞后,0．1～0．8mg／mL浓度组细胞存活水平随药物浓度的增大而减小（P〈0．05）;0．8mg／mL浓度组MGC-803细胞G．期比例为（61．23±6．45）％、S期细胞比例为（26．86±3．38）％、细胞凋亡率为（0．07±0,01）％,与对照组相比,P〈0．05;与对照组相比,0．8mg／mL浓度组Bcl-2 mRNA表达降低、Bax mRNA表达增加（P〈0．05）;0．2～0．8mg／mL浓度组Bcl-2蛋白表达降低、Bax蛋白表达增加。结论雪灵芝水提取物在一定浓度范围内可降低MGC-803细胞的存活水平,使细胞发生凋亡,其机制可能为通过下调Bcl-2基因、上调Bax基因表达,促进细胞凋亡发生。     

流式细胞术检测苦参素对人胃癌细胞系MGC-803凋亡的作用

目的运用流式细胞术检测苦参素对人胃癌细胞系MGC-803凋亡的作用.方法运用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率、凋亡峰及凋亡相关基因蛋白Bcl-2和Bax的表达水平.结果 苦参素1 mg/mL、2 mg/mL作用24 h后,流式细胞仪(FCM)检测结果显示,细胞凋亡率与阴性对照组相比,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05);Bcl-2表达量明显减少,Bax表达量明显增加,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).结论苦参素对人胃癌细胞系MGC-803有诱导凋亡作用,其机制与上调Bax和下调Bcl-2表达有关.     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

Methods

Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

Results

The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC₅₀ values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC₅₀ of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.