七氟醚与亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮的麻醉效果对比观察

目的：对亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮与七氟醚的临床麻醉效果进行分析,选出不良反应少、起效快的麻醉药。方法选取2013年7月—2014年5月我院90例需进行麻醉手术患者,分为氯胺酮组和七氟醚组,按入院时间进行分组,每组45例。氯胺酮组采用亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮进行麻醉,七氟醚组采用常规剂量七氟醚进行麻醉。观察分析2组麻醉效果以及术中、术后不良反应。结果七氟醚组较氯胺酮组用药量多（P<0.05）;七氟醚组较氯胺酮组清醒时间、完全阻滞时间、起效时间用时长（P<0.05）;2组术中、术后不良反应发生率氯胺酮组为17.8%,七氟醚组发生率高达28.9%,七氟醚组较氯胺酮组不良反应多（P<0.05）。结论亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮麻醉效果比七氟醚好,不良反应少,可临床推广应用。     

亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮联合芬太尼在患儿区域麻醉中的应用观察

目的:观察亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮联合芬太尼在患儿区域麻醉中的应用效果。方法:选取腹部手术治疗的患儿80例,按照麻醉方式的不同分为观察组和对照组,每组各40例。观察组患儿采用亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮联合芬太尼进行麻醉,对照组患儿仅接受氯胺酮单一麻醉;比较两组患儿氯胺酮使用量、麻醉苏醒时间及不良反应发生情况,并进行统计学分析。结果:观察组患儿的氯胺酮使用量、麻醉苏醒时间及不良反应发生率,均明显低于对照组患儿(P<0.05)。结论:在患儿区域麻醉中使用亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮联合芬太尼麻醉效果优于单纯氯胺酮。     

亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮芬太尼辅助小儿区域麻醉的临床效果分析

目的:探究亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮-芬太尼辅助小儿区域麻醉临床效果。方法:将88例区域麻醉患儿分成对照组和试验组,对照组给予氯胺酮进行麻醉,试验组使用亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮-芬太尼辅助区域麻醉,对比观察两组患者的麻醉剂量及临床效果。结果:与对照组比较,试验组的麻醉剂使用量、手术唤醒时间以及生活质量均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:把亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮和芬太尼联合应用在小儿区域麻醉中,具有良好效果。     

七氟醚吸入麻醉和氯胺酮静脉麻醉用于小儿手术麻醉效果的比较

目的:比较七氟醚吸入麻醉和氯胺酮静脉麻醉用于小儿手术的麻醉效果.方法:将125例小儿手术患儿按照随机数字表随机分为观察组62例及对照组63例,观察组采用七氟醚吸入麻醉方式,对照组采用氯胺酮静脉注射麻醉方式.结果:对照组患儿不良反应发生率及HR均显著高于观察组(P<0.05);对照组睫毛反射消失时间及疼痛反射消失时间均显著少于观察组(P<0.05);观察组患儿睁眼或体动时间、出室时间显著少于对照组,(P<0.05);观察组RR及PETCO2显著高于对照组(P<0.05).结论:七氟醚吸入麻醉方式具有易被患儿接受,且并发症少、苏醒时间短、可调节性等优点,效果优于氯胺酮静脉注射麻醉,值得临床推广.     

七氟醚联合氯胺酮在疝气修补术麻醉中的应用

目的:探讨七氟醚联合氯胺酮在小儿疝修补术麻醉中的应用。方法:腹股沟疝小儿60例根据麻醉的不同分为观察组与对照组,每组30例,两组都采用疝修补术,对照组采用氯胺酮静脉全身麻醉,观察组采用七氟醚联合氯胺酮复合全身麻醉。结果:观察组与HR在不同时间点对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而对照组在不同时间点对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),组间对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在苏醒期观察组小儿的躁动、精神症状与呕吐等不良反应发生率明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:七氟醚联合氯胺酮在疝气修补术麻醉中的应用有利于保持机体平稳,不良反应少,值得推广应用。     

低流量七氟醚用于腹腔镜手术麻醉的效果分析

目的：探讨低流量七氟醚麻醉用于腹腔镜手术的临床效果。方法选取2013年12月—2015年1月期间我院收治的腹腔镜行下腹部手术患者110例，均分为观察组和对照组各55例。对照组患者采用异丙酚加氯胺酮进行麻醉，观察组患者采用异丙酚加低流量七氟醚进行麻醉，对比两种麻醉方法的临床效果。结果与对照组相比，观察组的睁眼、定向力恢复、安全离开手术室的时间均明显缩短（P<0.01）。观察组患者中发生恶心5例，呕吐4例，副反应发生率为3.6%，较对照组的16.4%明显降低（P<0.01）。结论七氟醚应用于腹腔镜手术麻醉中具有良好效果，值得推广使用。     

组合式吸入麻醉诱导装置在小儿短小手术中的应用研究

目的:对比分析组合式吸入麻醉诱导装置辅助七氟醚与单独肌注氯胺酮在小儿短小手术中的临床应用价值及安全性。方法:分析择期短小手术的60例患儿,分为观察组(吸入性七氟醚+组合式吸入麻醉诱导装置)和对照组(氯胺酮),每组各30例。比较两组患儿的临床指标及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组躁动及缺氧反应发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组患儿苏醒期苏醒时间(吞咽反射、肢体活动及应答反应)明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组患儿的HR及MAP水平明显低于对照组,SpO_2水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:采用组合式吸入麻醉诱导装置可有效缓解患儿麻醉苏醒期焦虑感,减少相关不良反应,安全性良好,值得推广。     

吸入麻醉在小儿短小手术中的应用

目的:探讨七氟醚吸入麻醉在小儿短小手术中麻醉效果及应用价值。方法:选择70例手术患儿,用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各35例。对照组患儿采用氯胺酮静脉麻醉,观察组患儿采用七氟醚吸入麻醉,记录两组麻醉效果。结果:观察组患儿苏醒时间(4.05±1.14)min;对照组患儿苏醒时间(19.63±4.21)min,组间对比,P<0.05。观察组患儿发生肢体活动2例,恶心呕吐3例,分泌物增多未发生,术后躁动1例;对照组患儿发生肢体活动10例,恶心呕吐15例,分泌物增多8例,术后躁动7例,组间对比,P<0.05。结论:七氟醚吸入麻醉应用在小儿短小手术中诱导迅速,苏醒时间快,不良反应发生率低,值得在临床上推广使用。     

亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮-芬太尼辅助儿童区域麻醉效果分析

目的:观察亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮-芬太尼辅助小儿区域麻醉的临床效果.方法:选取该院2013年4月至2015年1月接诊的需要进行四肢、腹部手术的3～ 14岁患儿86例按照抽签法随机分为观察组(n=43)和对照组(n=43),观察组患者采用亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮-芬太尼辅助区域阻滞麻醉,对照组患者则采用氯胺酮来进行麻醉,观察两组患者的临床麻醉效果及不良反应的发生情况.结果:在对两组患者的临床症状的观察中,两组患者的术中心率、呼吸频率、脉搏氧饱和度、术毕唤醒时间、术后烦躁、呼吸抑制、术后恶心呕吐等的比较上,观察组患者明显低于对照组,组件差异比较明显,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在对两组患者的不良反应的观察中,观察组患者的整体治疗状况良好,无明显不良反应,对照组中有4例患者出现不良反应,组间差异比较明显,具有统计学意义(x2 =4.144 6;P ＞0.05).结论:使用亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮-芬太尼辅助小儿区域麻醉的临床效果较好,患者在治疗中所需的唤醒时间较少,并且患者的整体麻醉效果较好,无不良反应出现,有效缓解患者的病痛,具有较高的临床意义,值得推广.     

七氟醚吸入麻醉与氯胺酮静脉麻醉在婴幼儿腹腔镜斜疝手术中的应用比较

目的比较七氟醚为主的静吸复合麻醉与氯胺酮全凭静脉麻醉在婴幼儿斜疝手术中的临床效果。方法 40例择期行单侧腹股沟疝的患儿,随机分为七氟醚组和氯胺酮组,七氟醚组以七氟醚为主行静吸复合麻醉,氯胺酮组行氯胺酮静脉麻醉,观察并记录两组患儿诱导前、插管前、插管后及拔管后的心率（HR）、氧饱和度（SpO2）,苏醒时间（t）,以及患儿苏醒时的安静情况等。结果插管前及插管后七氟醚组患儿的心率明显慢于氯胺酮组（P〈0.01）,苏醒时间七氟醚组明显短于氯胺酮组（P〈0.01）。结论七氟醚应用于婴幼儿麻醉,诱导迅速,苏醒快,安全平稳,效果好,明显优于氯胺酮麻醉。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.